\ / 




Pass LC I04(h 
Book__4\LsB-S_- 



PRESENTED BY 



STATE OF NEW YORK 

MILITARY TRAINING COMMISSION 

BUREAU OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING 



OUR BOYS 

A study of the 245,000 sixteen, seventeen and eighteen 
year old employed boys of the State of New York 



HOWARD G. BURDGE 



SUBMITTED 

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS 

FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 

IN THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY 

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 



Commissioners 
Major-General JOHN F. O'RYAN, Chairman 

GEORGE J. FISHER, M. D. 

JOHN H. FINLEY 



Secretary 
THOMAS G. STOWELL 






.ra 2i. 



ALBANY 

J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS 

I92I 



r 



CONTENTS 

l'A(iH 

Front is]ii('<'o 

Ackiiawledgment 3 

Inlvoductory Chaiiter — '• Our Boys " 5 

Chapter 1 ^Faking the Survey 9 

Its Purpose 

Enrolling the boys 

Method of Making Random iSumplings of Data 

Note on the Reliability of Prediction based on Random 
Samplings 

Personal interviews with over ten thousand boys 

II Enrollment Statistics 33 

III Nationality 3S 

IV Guardiansliip 49 

^V Size of Families 50 

VI Persistence in School O-t 

^VII Age Leaving School 74 

^•VIII Last Grades Completed 87 

>- IX Reasons for Leaving School 1 15 

X Kind of School Last Attended I"i4 

XI Kind of Shop Work Done in School ^2>^ 

XII Best and Least Liked Studies 133 

XIII Money Earned While in School 170 

^XIV Night School Enrollment 181 

^ XV Beginning Weekly Wage 1 87 

A XVI Present Weekly Wage 190 

/ XVII How They Obtained Employment 104 

vXVIII Number of Jobs Held 197 

XIX The Length of Time on the Present Job 200 

XX Why Boys Liked Their Jobs 202 

XXI Lack of Care Used in Hiring Boys 206 

XXII How They Saved Their Money 210 

XXIII Contributions Toward Family Support 215 

XXIV Occupations 217 

Mothers' Occupations 
Fathers' Occupations 
Boys' Occupations 
Boys' Desired Occupations 



[iii] 



Co^TTE^'^TS 



PAGE 

Chapter XXV Finding* and Conclusions 238 

Appendix 243 

Code used in Punching Hollerith Cards 244 

Detail tables for individual cities, villages and other 
groups used in connection with 

Chapter I Tables lA to IC 253 

II Tables 2A to 2C and 2E to 2G 25u 

III Tables 3A to 3G 259 

IV Tables 4A to 4C 261 

V Tables 5A to 5C, 5E to ol and 5M 

to 50 263 

VI Tables 6A to GC 269 

VII Tables 7A to 7N 271 

VIII Tables 8C to SE, SL to SZ, 8AA to 

SGG and SMM to SXX 276 

IX Tables OA to 9C 293 

X Tables lOA to lOG 295 

XI Tables llA to lie 297 

XII Tables 12F to ISM and 12T to 12ZZ. 299 

XIII Tables 13A to 13C 305 

XIV Tables 14B to 14D 307 

XV Tables 15A to 15C 309 

XVI Tables 16A to 16C 341 

XVII Tables 17A to 17C 313 

XVIII Tables ISA to ISC 345 

XIX Tables 19A to 19C 317 

XX Tables 20A to 20C 319 

XXI Tables 21A to 21C 321 

XXII Tables 22A to 22C 323 

XXIII Tables 23A to 23C 325 

XXIV Tables 24 to 24R 327 



LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND CHARTS 

I'AGE 

ENROLLMENT 

Diagram A. Comparative enrollment by groups 35 

Diagi-am B. Percent of all boys of ea,ch age group in and out of school oG 

Diagram C. Boys of each age in school 30 

Diagram D. Boys in and out of school 37 

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 

Diagram E. Percent orf population living in luban and rural 

comnuniil ics 37 

NATIONALITIES 

Diagram F. Proportion of Ameriiiui and ftircign Ijorn boys 3S 

Di.agrara G. Proportion of American and foreign born parents 3S 

Diagram 11. Boys of American, mixed and foreign parents 3S 

Chart 3 American and foreign birth. State siunmary and cities 

over 25,000 41) 

Chart 3 A Same for cities under 2o.000 41 

Chart 3B Same for villages over 5,000 42 

Chart 3C Parents of American and foreign birth. State summary. . 43 

Chart 3D Same for cities over 25.000 44 

Chart 3E iSame for cities; under 25,000 47 

Chart 3F Same for villagi^'s over 5,000 4S 

GUARDIANSHIP 

Diagram I, Four lioys out of live claim fatliers as guardians 40 

Chart 4 Boys naming father, mother and others as guardians. 

State summary and cities over 25.000 52 

Chart 4A Same for cities luider 25,000 53 

Chart 4B Same for village over 5,000 54 

fa:\iilies 

Chart 5 Oldest, second, third, fourth oldest, etc., l)oys coming from 

families of from two to eight children (i 1 

( luirl 5A Boys coming from families of from one to ten or more 

idiildren. State suiuniary (ii 

Chart 5B Families of American, mixed and foreign parentage 

groups. Greater New York and cities over 25,000 (i:! 

PERiSISTENCE IN SCHOOL 

Chart fi Persistence in school. Cities over 25,000 05 

Chart 6D State summary OS 

CJnirt OA Same for cities under 25,000 7(1 

Chart OB Same for villages over 5,000 71 

Chart OC Percent of American and foreign l)oys in and out of school . 72 

AGK LEAVING SCHOOL 

Chart 7 Percent of various groups leaving school at each age S2 

Chart 7.V Percent of boys of various nationality groups leaving 

school at each ago 83 

Chart 715 Percent of boys of various groups who dropped out of 

school under each age 84 

[v] 



VI 



J. 1ST OF L)lAGKA.\lS A.\D CliAUTS 



PAGE 

Chart 7C Above continued 85 

Chart 7D Above continued , 86 

LAST GRADES COiU^LETED 

Chart 8C Percent completing eacli grade, percent drojjping out, and 
total percent who had dropped out hy the end of each 

grade 104 

Chart SD Last grade completed and age leaving school. State 

summary lOu 

Chart 8E Same for Greater New York parentage groups 100 

Chart 8F Same for cities over 25,000 parentage groups 107 

Chart SG Percent of oldest, second oldest, etc., boys of different 
parentage groups dropping out of school at the end of 
each grade and total percent completing each grade. 

Greater Xew York 110 

Chart SlI Same for cities over 25,000 Ill 

Chart 81 Percent of oldest, second oldest, etc., boys of different 
parentage groups dropping out of school at end of each 
grade and total percent who had dropped out at end of 

each grade. Greater New York 112 

Chart SJ Same for cities over 25,000 11.'] 

REASONS FOR LEAVING SCHOOL 

Chart 9 Reasons for leaving school. State summary and cities 

over 25,000 {^ 

Chart 9A Same for cities vmder 25,000 121 

Chart 9B Same for villages over 5,000 122 

Chart 9C Same for age and parentage groups. Greater New York. . 123 

KIND OF SCHOOL LAST ATTENDED 

Chart 10 Kind of school last attended. State summary and cities 

over 25,000 125 

Chart lOA Same for cities under 25,000 120 

Chart lOB Same for villages over 5,000 , 127 

KIND OP SHOP WORK DONE IN SCHOOL 

Chart 11 Kind of shop work done in school. State summary and 

cities over 25,000 130 

Chart llA 'Same for cities under 25,000 131 

Chart IIB Same for villages over 5,000 132 

BEST AND LEAST LIKED STUDIES 

Chart 12 Best and least liked studies. State summary for 5th 

grade 135 

Chart 12A State summary for 6th grade 130 

Chart 12B State summary for 7th grade 137 

Chart 12C State summary for 8th grade 138 

Chart 12D State summary for 1st year high school 139 

Chart 12E State summary for 2nd year high school 140 

Chart 12F State summary for 3rd year high school 141 

Chart 12G State summary for 4th year high school 142 

Chart 12H Mathematics. State summary for all grades 145 



List of Diagrams and Charts 



Vll 



Chart 12P Mathematics and History. Grade summary for city, 

village and farm groups 146 

Chart 121 English. State summary for all grades 148 

Chart 12Q English and Langaiages. Grade summary for city, village 

and farm groups 149 

Chart 12J History. State summary for all grades 151 

Chart 12K Spelling and Geography. State summary for all grades. 153 
Chart 12R Geography and Drawing. Grade summary for city, 

village and farm groups 154 

Chart 128 Spelling and Elementary Science. Grade summary for 

city, village and farm groups 156 

Chart 12L Drawing. State summary for all grades 159 

Chart 12M Elementary Science. State summary for all grades. . . . 160 
Chart 12iSr Advanced Science and Commercial subjects. State sum- 
mary for all grades 161 

Chart 120 Languages. State summary for all grades 157 

Chart 12T Advanced Science and Commercial subjects. Grade sum- 
mary for city, village and farm groups 162 

Chart 12U Mathematics. Grade summary by parentage groups. 

Greater New York and cities over 25,000' 164 

Chart 12V History. Greater New York and cities over 25,000 165 

Chart 12W Geography. Greater New York and cities over 25,000.. 166 
Chart 12X Spelling. Greater New York and cities over 25,000.... 167 

Chart 12Y English. Greater New York and cities over 25,000 168 

Chart 12Z Correlation between best and least liked studies. 
Greater New York, American and foreign parents 

combined 170 

BOYS WHO EARNED MONEY WHILE IN .SCHOOL 

Chart 13 Boys who earned money while in school. Summary for 

New York State and cities over 25,000 178 

Chart 13A Same for cities under 25,000 179 

Chart 13B Same for villages over 5,000 180 

NIGHT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT 

Chart 14 Night school enrollment. State summary, cities over 

25,000 and ten nationality groups 184 

Chart 14A Same for cities under 25,000 185 

Chart 14B Same for villages over 5.000 186 

BEGINNING WEEKLY WAGE 

Chart 15 Beginning weekly wage. Summary for New York State. . 189 

PRESENT WEEKLY WAGE 

Chart 16 Present weekly wage. Summary for New York State.... 193 

WHO HELPED THEM GET THEIR JOBS 

Chart 17 Who helped them get their jobs. Summary for New York 

State 196 

NUMBER OF JOBS HELD 

Chart 18 Number of jobs held. Summary for New York State 199 



VI 11 



List of Diageams and Charts 



PAGE 

LENGTH OF TIME ON PRESENT JOB 

Chart 19 Length of time on pTesent job. Summary for New York 

State 201 

WHY BOYS LIKED THEIR JOBS 

Chart 20 Why boys liked their jobs. Summary for New York State 203 
LACK OF CARE USED IN HIRING BOYS 

Chart 21 Percent filling out application and reference blanks. 

Summary for New York State and cities over 25y0OO. . 207 

Chart 21A Same for cities under 25,000 208 

Chart 21B Same for villages over 5,000 209 

HOW THEY SAVED THEIR MONEY 

Chart 22 How they saved their money. Summary for New York 

State and cities over 25,000 212 

Chart 22A Same for cities under 25,000 213 

Chart 22B Same for villages over 5,000 214 

WEEKLY CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD FAMILY SUPPORT 

Chart 23 Weekly contributions toward family support. Summary 

for New York State 216 

OCCUPATIONS — Mothers', fathers', boys' present and desired 

Cities over 25,000 including Greater New York 
Chart 24 Correlation between father's occupation and boy's present 

occupation. 16, 17 and 18 year old boys combined. . . . 220 

Chart 24A Same for 16 year old boys 221 

Chart 24B Same for 17 year old boys 221 

Chart 240 Same for 18 year old boys 221 

Chart 24D Correlation between father's occupation and boy's desired 

occupation. 16, 17 and 18 year old boys combined. . . . 223 

Chart 24E Same for 16 year old boys 224 

Chart 24F Same for 17 year old boys 224 

Chart 24G Same for 18 year old boys 224 

Chart 24H Correlation between boy's present and desired occupa- 
tion. 16, 17 and 18 year old boys combined 226 

Chart 241 Same for 16 year old boys 227 

Chart 24J Same for 17 year old boys 228 

Chart 24K Same for 18 year old boys 229 

Chart 24L Correlation between last grade completed and boy's 

present occupation 230 

Chart 24M Correlation between last grade completed and boy's 

desired occupation 230 

Chart 24P Correlation between boy's desired occupation and best 

liked study 233 

Chart 24Q Correlation between boy's desired occupation and least 

liked study 233 

Chart 24N Correlation between boy's present occupation and best 

liked study 235 

Chart 240 Correlation between boy's present occupation and least 

liked study 235 

Chart 24R Percent of fathers ajid boys in each occupation and 

number of boys desiring to be in each occupation .... 237 



ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

The task of conducting and completing a survey of such magni- 
tude could never have been accomplished had it not been for the 
cooperation of the Goveinor, Charles S. Whitman ; the Commissioner 
of Education, Dr. John H. Finley; the Deputy Commissioner, Dr. 
Thomas E. Finegan ; the school superintendents and all the teachers 
of the State. 

I am particularly indebted to Professors George D. Strayer, 
ISTickolaus L. Engelhardt, Arthur D. Dean, William C. Bagley and 
Edward S. Evenden of Teachers College, Columbia University, and 
to Don C. Bliss, Superintendent of Schools of Montclair, New 
Jersey, for their invaluable criticisms and suggestions. 

I cannot commend too highly the fine spirit of cooperation which 
prompted the employes of this bureau to work oveirtime, on holi- 
days, and even to shorten their vacation periods that the work on 
this report, done in many instances in addition to their regular 
routine duties, might be completed. For a bureau, organized for 
other purposes than research work, to undertake and complete such 
a stupendous task would have been utterly impossible without the 
intelligent cooperatioli, displayed ait all times by the following 
employes of the bureau: Chief Inspector F'red F. Moran, Inspec- 
tors Louis Dicker, Joseph J. Endres, E. J. M. Herd, Thomas Gr. 
Eussell, James MeC. Shillinglaw, Clyde B. Simson, George Stein 
and E. W. Thurston; James Marsh, Edward J. Matthew, Ritie L. 
Winnie and Susie J. Caddick, Stenographers ; Beulah W. Carroll 
and Mary A. Dingivan, Sorting-machine Operators, and Marie A. 
Dolan, Statistical Clerk. 

I am also deeply appreciative of the cordial support and interest 
of my colleagues, Brigadier-Geneial William H. Chapin, Chief 
Supervising Officer of the Bureau of Technical Military Training 
and Dr. Thomas A. Storey, State Director of Physical Training. 

It is impossible to mention by name scores of others, prominent 

in education and boy welfare work, who have assisted in the com- 

ijilation of this report. tt /n -r. 

^ '■ Howard G. Burdge^ 

525 West 120th Street, 

New York City. 

[3] 



OUR BOYS 



INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER 

We are all more or less familar with the social group known as 
the "school-boy." We went to school with him, played with him, 
bartered with him, quarreled with him, shared his punishments, his 
disappointments and his pleasures. In early adolescence, wearied 
by the game of books, pencils and makef-believe shops, many of us 
shared his desire to leave school, to be a man, to earn money, to pos- 
sess and to continue his education in the great, rough game of life, 
being played so enticingly all around him by grown men. 

This school-boy group continues to occupy a definite place in onr 
minds because we assemble these boys en masse in our schools, and 
see them in large numbers as they romp back and forth on our thoro^- 
fares. We have an abiding interest in them, we love them, we study 
them physically and mentally and know something of their 
psychology. 

During the World Wai' we suddenly became aware cf another 
large social group, " the dough-boys." Like magic they appeared, 
conspicuous because of their uniforms. We immediately became 
interested in them, trained, studied and tested them, physically, 
mentally and vocationally. We became' thoroly conscious of this 
social group simply because they were assembled en. masse and made 
conspicuQus as a group; Never before did the soldier boys theon- 
selves realize that they belonged to so numerous and powerful a 
group of vigorous young men. Here was a new game from which all 
weaklings were l>arred. They lived and mingled with their fellow^s 
on equal footing, rich and poor alike. Again, as when school-boys 
they shared their hardi::hips and their pleasures, they lived, bled and 
conquered together. As a result of having been assembled shoulder 
to shoulder in this great struggle for humanity these young men will 
go thru life more conscious of their individual responsibilities to 
their comrades and to the members of other social groups. 

There is another large- and important group of boys concerning 
whom we have known little and for whom we have done little. We 
have been unaware of their presence because we have never thot of 

[5] 



6 Our Boys 

the'm. as a distinctive, economic group. These are th.© employed toys 
from sixteen to eighteen inclusive, of whom there are now 245,000 
in New York State. Until recently they have never been assembled 
with their fellows and have never themselves realized that they 
belonged to an important and well-defined group six times as large 
as the school-boy group of the same ages. 

On leaving school, as most of theim do at ages fourteen, fifteen 
and sixteen, unprovided with definite guidance and counsel at the 
very period in life when it is most needed, they become separated 
from their mates and are soon lost tO' view. As a gToup they have 
never until recently been trained either mentally, physically or 
vocationally and little or nothing is known of their psychology. 

The iSTew York State co^mpulsory training law, requiring all the 
sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old boys of the State to assemble 
for a course of citizenship training prescribed by the State Military 
Training Commission, composed of Major-General Jo'hn F. O'Ryan, 
commanding the iN'ational Guard, chairman, ex-ofiicio; Dr. John H. 
Finley, Commissioner of Education and George J. Fisher, M. D., 
Deputy-Chief Scout Commissioner for the United States, made 
necessary a survey of these employed boys. This survey has brot 
to light many interesting and important facts concerning their 
nationality, parentage, guardianship^ families, schooling, occupa- 
tions, wages, savings and future aims. 

The returns from 150,000 of these boys have been studied, in all 
sorts of groupings such as Greater 'New York, other large cities, 
small cities, large villages., small villages, rural sections, by nation- 
alities, boys with fathers, mthout fathers, with mothers, without 
mothers, American boys, foreign boys, oldest boys, second oldest, 
third oldest, fourth oldest, fifth oldest and sixth oldest of both Ameri- 
can and foreign birth, and it has been found that regardless of birth, 
fam.ily conditions and environments approximately Y3,000 or thirty 
percent of these 245,0'0'0 boys leave sichool before fifteen, 172,000 or 
seventy percent before sixteen and by the end of the sixteenth year 
less than ten percent or 20,000 are still in school. 

About Gl.O'OO or twentynfive percent drop out on or before co'm- 
pleting the seventh grade, 132,000' or fifty percent on or before 
completing the eighth grade, and 220,000 or ninety percent before 
completing the first year of the high school. Investigations made 
by the Inter-church World Movement show that boys desert the 



Our Boys 7 

Sunday schools at these same ages and the leaders in the Boy Scouts 
of Ameirica report that most boys drop out of the scout troops 
before reaching sixteen. 

The employer, prone to criticize the schools and welfare organ- 
izations, has not himself succeeded in stopping the excessive boy 
labor turnover. Do these facts not challenge the school, the church, 
boy welfare organizations and business men to supply programs of 
education, recreation and training that will appeal to and hold the 
interest of these boys ? 

All the evidence shows that the " reasons " given by these boys 
for leaving school are not " real " reasons but " good " reasons, or 
rather excuses for leaving. They leave because there is in them 
some impelling force which is creating for them a new vision of life 
and filling them with a desire to becom^e independent and self-sup^ 
porting. 

The attitude of parents, teachers and society in general toward 
the boys who drop out of school is such as to make them feel that 
they are " flunkers," " quitters," and " slackers." Hence, they nat- 
urally seek a plausible excuse for leaving, a reason which is " good " 
but not " real." They themselves do not recognize the real reason but 
they know they want to quit and not wishing to be known as 
" quitters " and " slackers " naturally seek a reason which will in 
a measure relieve them of censure and criticism. Whatever the 
" real " reasons may be why boys drop out of school, the fact 
remains that they do ! Very few of them attend night school and 
the others frankly say they have no desire to attend. 

This study shows that they are thoroly averse to further school- 
ing and that compulsory part-time continuation-school and night- 
school work will be practically valueless unless we can awaken in 
these boys an interest in further education. They must be convinced 
that by completing certain definite and practical short courses they 
can increase their earning capacity and secure promotion. To 
accomplish this is the task of boy welfare organizations as well as 
of the schools. The major part of the future training and education 
of these boys will be secured thru business and social contacts, but 
this must be supplemented by carefully selected and well planned 
short continuation-school courses which are attractive to boys because 
of their practical value. 

These boys when they leave school, as mo'St of them will at ages 



8 Our Boys 

fourteen, fifteen and sixteen, are like 'seedlings from the scliool 
nursery and should be transplanted to carefully selected and well 
prepared soil where under expert direction and training they can 
continue their education and development. At present, however, 
they are scattered by the winds of chance and dropped here and 
there, first into one environment, then another, and another, almost 
without eud, in the vain hope that they will finally fall into fertile 
soil, take root and make good. 

" You might as well throw the Greek alphabet on the floor and 
expect to pick up an Odysisey," as to expect these inexperienced, 
aimless, uncounseled boys, 50,000 or onenfifth of whom have no 
father as a guardian, and 12,50'0 or one-twentieth of whom have 
neither a father nor' a mother as a guardian, to obtain by accident 
the kind of employment best suited to their growth and development 
as citizens and wage earners. 

-- What these boys really need and crave is sane, sympathetic, indi- 
vidual counsel, guidance and leadership, beginning with the Junior 
High School (seventh year) and continuing with them thruout that 
trying period after they have left school. By the term guidance is 
meant guidance of the ^' Big Brother " type ; guidance of a very 
intimate and pea^sonal nature that will soon develop into a strong 
and lasting friendship between the boy and his counselor. As this 
friendship grows it will become increasingly unnecesisary for the 
counselor to seek the boy because the boy and his parents will seek 
the counselor whenever an important decision is to be made. 

Guidance of this " Big Brother " type is a calling and cannot be 
bot for mere money. The successful counselor of boys must be a 
mature lover of boys, keenly interested in their welfare and at the 
same time thoroly acquainted with the best methods of systematic 
vocational guidance. If our schools and welfare organizations will 
seek men of this type, free them from all other duties and have it 
understood that they are not " advisors " or givers of '' advice " but 
are friendly coaches, always ready to listen -sympathetically and 
eager to give a lift, many a b'Oy will remain longer in school and 
when he leaves will land on his feet at once. His job will be ready 
for him and suited to his mental and physical makeup. Under 
leadei^ship of this type these boys will gladly avail themselves of 
the opportunity for increasing their efficiency by further study in 
our part-time schools and night scbools. Schooling of this kind 
will be purposeful and therefore worthwhile. 



CHAPTER I 

Making the Survey 
Its Purpose 

1. To give every sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old boy 
in the State an opportunity to comply with the Military Training 
Law and receive a certificate of enrollment enabling him legally 
to attend school or to be employed. 

2. To obtain accurate information concerning the number, 
nationality, schooling, home enviroimient, employment, opportuni- 
ties for advancement and future aims of these boys, thereby mak- 
ing it possible for schools and all agencies interested in boy wel- 
fare work to adjust their programs to the actual needs of the boys. 

Enrolling the boys 

The plan of the enrollment and survey which had been prepared 
by the director of the Vocational Bureau was presented to the Mili- 
tary Training Commission with the request that, if approved, they 
secure the cooperation of Governor Charles S. \Vhitman in carry- 
ing it out. The Coimnission approved the plan and at their request 
the following proclamation was issued by the Governor on Nbvem- 
bei' 19, 1918: 

PROCLAMATION 

State of New York — Executive Chamber 

Whereas, The Military Law of the State of New York provides that all boys 
above the age of sixteen years and not over the age of nineteen years shall be 
given such military training as the Military Training Commission of the State 
may prescribe; and 

Whereas, With the coming of peace the varied training contemplated by this 
act becomes more important than ever through its interpretation as a universal 
selective training program instilling in our youth a sense of responsibility to 
the State in time of peace as well as in time of war and preparing them to 
meet this responsibility intelligently and effectively, not only through the lessons 
of good hygiene, correct personal bearing, discipline and obedience to properly 
constituted authority, so prominent in military drill, but also by emphasizing 
the importance of vocational training which may be of service to the State ; and 

Whereas, The Military Training Commission is required to issue to each 
boy complying with the law, in order that he may legally attend school or be 

m 



10 Our Boys 

employed, a certificate stating that such boy is enrolled for military training 
and is meeting the requirements of the law as to such training; and 

Whereas, The Military Training Commission has prepared to enroll boys 
and issue certificates, on December 3d; 

Now, Thekefoee, I, Charles S. Whitman, Governor of the State of New York, 
do hereby designate Tuesday, December 3d, between the hours of 9' A. m. and 
9 p. M., as a time when all boys sixteen, seventeen and eighteen years of age 
shall appear in person at the nearest public school-house to enroll and be credited 
with compliance with the Military Law of the State. 

Given under my hand and the Privy seal of the State at the Capitol in 
[l. s.] the City of Albany, this nineteenth day of November, in the year of 
our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eighteen. 

(Signed) CHARLES S. WHITMAN. 
By the Governor: 
George B. Graves, 

Assistant Secretary to the Governor. 

On the issuance of the proclamation of the Governor, Dr. John 
H. Finlej, 'Commissioner of Education for the State of JSIew York, 
sent under date of ]*^ovember 19th, to all the city, village and dis- 
trict school superintendents, the following letter: 



THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 
The State Department of Education 

Albany, November 19, 1918. 
To City, Village and District Superintendents of Schools: 

I am enclosing a marked copy of chapter 566, Laws of 1916, as amended, com- 
monly known as the Military Training Law, and a copy of a proclamation issued 
by Governor Whitman to which I invite your careful attention. 

In accordance with this proclamation, the teachers of the State of New 
York, who have already done valuable patriotic service in all branches of war 
work, are hereby instructed and directed to perform on Tuesday, December 
3rd, between the hours of 9 a. m. and 9 p. m. this additional piece of work, 
highly important both in time of peace and in time of war, in accordance with 
the following directions,: 

1. Two forms of enrollment blanks will be provided. The form printed on 
white paper will be for all day-school boys and also for all employed boys not 
working on farms. The other forms printed on yellow paper will be for boys 
working on farms and not attending school. 

2. There will also be provided a certificate of enrollment which is to be given 
by the teacher to each boy who enrolls. The boy will sign the certificate and 
the teacher will write the boy's address in the space indicated, signing her 
initials under the name of the Zone Supervising Officer of Military Training 
which appears on the certificate. This card should be retained by the boy as 
evidence that he has complied with the law. 

3. The enrollment blanks and certificates of enrollment will be sent to the 
city, village and district superintendents of the State and are to be distributed 
by them to the schools under their jurisdiction. 

4. All entries on the blanks are to be made by the teacher and not by the 
boy. This is done to insure accuracy and legibility. 

5. The enrollment of the school boys is comparatively simple as they need 
answer only the questions at the top of the white form, including questions 1, 
2 and 3. 

6. Working boys are required to answer all questions on the blank in order 
that all claims for recognition or exemption may be decided intelligently by the 
Military Training Commission. 



Our Boys 11 

7. F,irm boys not attending school are required to answer all questions on 
the yellow form. 

8. While at first this enrollnient seems to be a very great task, owing to the 
fact that every public schoolhouse in the State will be an enrollment station, 
the number of boys to be enrolled from each community is really comparatively 
small and the enrollment can therefore be accomplished without the necessity 
of suspending school work. 

9. On the completion of the enrollment the blanks are to be compared with the 
school census and a list of the names and addresses of all boys who failed to 
appear for enrollment made and sent at once together with the enrollment 
blanks, including unused forms and certificates, to the superintendents who will 
express them C. O. D. to the Zone Supervising Officers, of the Military Train- 
ing Commission as follows: 

10. City, village and district superintendents of schools located in the 
counties of 

Allegany Chautauqua Genesee Wyoming 

Cattaraugus Erie Niagara Orleans 

are directed to forward all enrollments and also the lists of those who failed 
to enroll as shown by the school census to Brigadier General George C. Fox, 
451 Main street, Buffalo, N. Y. 

11. Superintendents of schools located in the counties of 
Cayuga Monroe Seneca Wayne 
Livingston Ontario Steuben Yates 

are directed to forward all enrollments and also the lists of those who failed 
to enroll as sliown by the school census to Colonel Eugene K. Austin, State 
Armory, Rochester, IST. Y. 

12. Superintendents of schools located in the counties of 
Broome Delaware Madison Otsego 
Chemung Herkimer Oneida Schuyler 
Chenango Jefferson Onondaga Tioga 
Cortland Lewis Oswego Tompkins 

are directed to forward all enrollments and also the lists of those who failed 
to enroll as shown by the school census to Lieut. W. K. Whitley, State Armory, 
Elmira, N. Y. 

13. Superintendents of schools located in the counties of 
Albany Fulton Rensselaer Sullivan 
Clinton Greene Rockland Ulster 
Columbia Hamilton Saratoga Warren 
Dutchess ]Montgomery Schenectady Washington 
Essex Orange Schoharie 

Franklin Putnam St. Lawrence 

are directed to forward all enrollments and also the lists of those who failed 
to enroll as shown by the school census to Major John P. Treanor, State Armory, 
Washington aventie, Albany, N. Y. 

14. Superintendents of schools located in the counties of 

Bronx New York Richmond Westchester 

are directed to forward all enrollments and also the lists of those who failed 
to enroll as sho^\•n by the school census to Major Louis M. Greer, State Armory, 
Park avenue and Thirty-third street, New York city. 

15. Superintendent of schools located in the counties of 

Kings Nassau Queens Suffolk 

are directed to forward all enrollments and also the lists of those who failed 
to- enroll as shown by tlie school census to Major Elliot Bigelow, Jr., State 
Armory, Parle avenue and Thirty-third street, New York city. 

Very truly yours, 

( Signed ) JOHN H. FINLEY, 

Commissioner of Education. 



12 Our Boys 

On ]Srovember 23, 1918, tlie director of the Vocational Training 

Bureau of the Military Training Commission wrote the school 

superintendents of the State as follows: 

Albany, November 23, 1918. 
To City and Village Superintendents: 

In connection with the enrollment of all 16, 17 and IS year old boys on 
December 3rd, in accordance with the proclamation of the Governor and. the 
instructions sent out to the schools by the Commissioner of Education, we are 
sending you under separate cover what we hope will be a sufficient number of 
enrollment blanks and certificates for the boys of your city. Will you please 
have them properly apportioned as soon as possible to the various schools under 
your jurisdiction, as the date of enrollment is very close at hand? 

The information which we are gathering in this survey will, we believe, prove 
of great value to the schools of the State in the promotion of vocational and 
agricultural education. For this reason Ave feel ' sure that we will have your 
hearty cooperation. 

Very truly yours, 
(Signed) HOWARD G. BURDGE, 
Director, Vocational Training Bureau, 
Military Training Commission, 
State of New York. 

A letter similar to the above was also sent to each of the district 
superintendents of the State on the same date. 

Publicity 

Wide publicity was given the proclamation of the Governor in 
the public press, schools, manufacturing plants, shops, factories, 
post offices, street railway and subway cars thruout the entire State. 
As a result of this publicity 186,060 of the 264,000 boys of these 
ages reported for enrollment on December 3, 1918. Additional 
enrollments received up to June 1, 1919, increased this total to 
192,378. 

The wide scope of the survey 

ISTever before has it been possible to secure so much reliable in- 
formation about boys of every nationality, employed in such a wide 
variety of occupations, in every section of the Empire State, from 
the smallest rural community to the largest city in the world. 

Excellent work done by the public school teachers of the State 

The public school teachers are the only highly trained, organized 
group reaching every community of the State and with characteristic 
energy and willingness they gave freely of their time, often at great 
personal inconvenience, to the painstaking work of recording the 



Our Boys 13 

answers to the questions on the questionnaires. Without their 
intelligent and generous cooperation this important piece of work 
would have been impossible of accomplishment. 

Forms used in the enrollment 

Two questionnaires were prepared by the director of the Voca- 
■•.ional Bureau of the Military Training Commission in consultation 
Avith George D. Strayer, Professor of Educational Administration, 
Columbia University ; Thomas E. Finegan, Deputy Commissioner of 
Education, New York State ; George A. Works, College of Agricul- 
ture, Cornell University; Nickolaus L. Engelhardt, Professor of 
Education, Columbia University ; Arthur D. Dean, Professor of 
Vocational Education, Columbia University ; Don C. Bliss, Superin- 
tendent of Schools, Montclair, 'N. J. ; Herbert F. Blair, Statistician, 
New York City ; Joseph P. O'Hearn, Assistant Superintendent of 
Schools, Rochester, IST. Y. ; Lewis A. Wilson, Director of Agricultural 
and Industrial Education, New York State Education Department ; 
Russell H. Allen, Educational Director of the Bureau of Municipal 
Research, New York City and many others prominent in educational, 
industrial and agricultural work. The questionnaires used are shown 
in exhibits A and B and are self-explanatory. 



14 



Our Boys 



- <A 

:s o 

2 X 



o £ 



i^P 



°i 





1 


CD 


* 1 


>c= 












u 


^ 


"^ 


• 




1 

• 

to 


0^ ^ 


-i 


^9%. 










1 


^ 


Q 






^ 






■ 


c^a 


i 


ci 


CO 





^ 




;ii 





> 


^ 


J 




(g 


1 


^ 




C^ 

^ 


"— 


4f= 




z 
o 


r- 


a 


o 





_ 


r* 


rr 


■* 




<o 


r- 


CD 


» 


lA 
















" 


" 




" 


" 


Ct 


> 

o 

en 












•H 


t 






s 


•t3 
-0 






o 
ul 










c^ 


5 


I 






1 







P" 


> 
o 










-§ 


i 


do 
c 






£ 


•s 




a 


-1 














'c 












3 


a. 










>. 


'E 








E 

as 


tlfl 


^ 


>. 


UJ 

> 
m 

Q 
Ui 

q: 

Ui 


i 

c 


40 




^ 

1 


5 

-0 

c 


0. 


3 


c 

1 


s 

1 



•0 ^ 


ba 


3 
>, 


01 


5 

in 


"q. 

E 


r 


3 


0. 


i 


T3 a 




J3 

£ 

3 




is 


il 





£ 

1 


< 

UJ 


u 


CD 


Z 





5 


b 


5 


Z 


a. 


(-■ 


I 


S 


X 


m 

O 

1- 

Ul 
C£ 

•< 

s 








1 




is 


^j 




• 


1 








o 








J 












^^ 








UJ 
CO 








i5 




am 








^ 


• ^ 


1 




z 

o 

01 

iij 


J 






1; 

5 




Ul 

< 


^ 






1 




1 




3 

_J 
< 


i 


^ 


J 


J 


-* ^3 




e 


♦ 8 


4 




^ 


0. 


o 

1- 
o 
a 

< 


J 


J 







I i 


I 


t^ 


h 


vi 


•J 


J 


^ 




^ 


■" 


«o 


1 
j 


c 





z :: 


r 


^ 


- 


\o 




■o 


^ 

1 


J3 

C 














1 






JZ 




J 




^ 












•0 


c 






— 




-^_ 


© 


« 











iQ 


T3 









= 




-C 


c 
c 


c 


c 


c 


1 


1 



W 

« 






•0 






















b3 


'& 


« 












c 
c 


2 


!3 
•5 


Is 

3 


a. 

3 


« 
bo 

> 


_c 


E 

8 


1 


i 

a. 


TJ 





i 
1 




.2^ 


XI 


^ 


«S 


J» 


1 




c 





J" 


"oj' 


V 




^0- 




J Q 


3 


£ 


% 


^ 


e 
a 


m 


S 


■0 

c 







p 


>,i 


f 


- 


2 


z 


u. 


s 


a 


a 


-J 


2 


k 


m 


J 





Our Boys 



16 




:^<> 




16 



Otte Boys 




Our Boys 



m 




18 Our Boys 

Instructions sent to teachers 

ENROLLMENT FOR MILITARY TRAINING 

Instructions to Teachers Acting as Enrolling Officers 

1. Every boy, except those serving in the United States army or navy, 16, 
17 and 18 years of age, who is living in Nevr York State on December 3, 1918, 
must enroll for military training under the State Military Training Commis- 
sion, at the public schoolhouse nearest his place of residence between the hours 
of 9 a. m. and 9 p. m. on December 3d, in accordance with a proclamation of 
the Governor. This applies to every boy, whether he is in school or not, and 
whether or not he is already a member of a military training unit receiving 
drill, or has been exempted or has had the work in which he is engaged recog- 
nized as equivalent to military training. In case of inability to report for 
enrollment because of physical disability, boys should be directed to send a rep- 
resentative to the nearest public schoolhouse and such representative should 
report the boy's name, address, age and reason for not enrolling. This informa- 
tion should be entered on an enrollment card and a certificate of enrollment 
issued. 

2. Two forms of enrollment blanks are provided. The form printed on 
white paper (Exhibit A) is for all day school boys and also for all employed 
boys not working on farms. The other form, printed on yellow paper (Exhibit 
B ) , is for boys working on farms and not attending school. 

3. There are also provided certificates of enrollment (Exhibit C), one of 
which is to be given by the teacher to each boy who enrolls — the boy will 
sign the certificate in the space indicated, and the teacher will insert boy's 
address and place her initials under the name of the zone supervising officer 
of military training which appears on the certificate. This card should be 
retained by the boy as evidence that he has complied with the law. 

4. Enrollment blanks and certificates will be sent to city, village and district 
superintendents of schools and will be distributed by them to the schools under 
their jurisdiction. 

5. All entries on the blanks are to be made by the teacher and not by the 
boy. This is done to insure accuracy and legibility. 

6. The enrollment of school boys is comparatively simple, as they need 
answer only the questions at the top of the white form, including questions 1, 
2 and 3. 

7. Employed boys not working on farms are required to answer all questions 
on the white blank up to and including number 42, in order that all claims for 
recognition or exemption may be decided intelligently by the Military Train- 
ing Commission. 

8. Farm boys not attending school are required to answer all questions on the 
yellow form. 

9. If the supply of enrollment blanks is exhausted, the teacher will record the 
required information on a plain sheet of paper, numbering the answers as 
indicated on the regular form, and forward with the other blanks. 

10. If the supply of certificates of enrollment is exhausted, the teacher will 
make a list of the names of all boys enrolled who have not been supplied with 
certificates, and forward this list of names with the other material. 

11. If a boy cannot answer any questions or refuses to answer any questions, 
the teacher will make note accordingly in the space provided for the answer. 

12. All claims for exemption from drill should be made by the boy to the 
zone supervising officer whose name and address appears on the certificate of 
enrollment. 

13. While at first this enrollment seems to be a very great task, neverthe- 
less, owing to the fact that every public schoolhouse in the State will be an 
enrollment center, the nvimber of boys to be enrolled from each community is 
comparatively small and the enrollment can therefore be accomplished without 
the necessity of suspending school work. 

14. On the completion of the enrollment, the blanks are to be compared with 
the school census and a list of the names and addresses of all boys who failed to 



Our Boys 



1!) 



appear for enrollment iriiule and sent at once, together with the enrollment 
blanks including unused forms and certificates, to the school superintendent, 
who will forward them C. O. D. to the proper zone supervising officer of the 
Military Training Commission. 

Certificate of enrollment 

Exhibit C shows the certificate of enrolhiient issued to each boy 
who enrolled. 



11-15-18-300,000 (48-815) 

STATE OF NEW YORK 

MILITARY TRAINING COMMISSION 



NOT TRANSFERABLE 



"Cbis Ccrtiflcs'that the bearer whose signature appears on the line 
following: ^^ 

Name L*^ tt. ^ ~'>»- 

Address , _ , _ 

is enrolleplfOT military training as a member of the Corps of Cadets. State of New- 
York, in conformity with the {Provisions of the Mi!itar>' Lav/ of the State, and is 
meeting the requirements of the law as to such military training. 





Subject to cancellation 
by the Military Train- 
ing Commission. 



^'- 



^/^i£ 



By 



Zone Suprrvisitiii > 



Major, N. G. R. 
leer. Military Training 



'^. 



Not valid after December 31, 1918, unless endorsed as Indicated on back hereof 



( /^et^ers-'C 'S/</c) 



This certificate must be presented for endorsement by person to whom issued on 
the dates indicated below, or wit'. in seven days immediately preceding each date: 



T-> w , o f Supervising Officer 

December 31, iQiS } Instructor 

, ., ( Supervising Officer 

Apnli. 19^9 (Instructor 

T , , , ,^ (Supervising Officer 

J"5y I. 1919 \ In^ructor 

If cadet is member of a training unit, this certificate is to be presented for endorse- 
ment to his instructor; othy2rwise the certificate is to be presented in person or mailed 
with a self-addressed STAMPED envelope to Major John P. Treanor, State Armory, 
Albany, N. Y.- 

No Certificate Mailed for Endorsement Will Be Returned Unless 
Accompanied by Stamped Return Envelope 



20 



OuK Boys 



Bshilsit D 



> 

02 

^ 4 
9 











1 1 

2 2 

3 3 

4 4 

5 5 

e'e 

7f( 



i I -. 



0! 



1 1 1 
922 

3 33 

4 4 4 
l5 5 5 

6 

7 7 7 







1 91 

2 2 2 

3 3 3 

4 4 4 

5 5^ 

6 6 6 

7 7 7 

8 8 6 
<J9 5 



1 WJ 
2:218 



4 4j4 
5|5 5 



9 9 







1 1 1 

2 2 2 

933 

4 4 4 

5 5 5 

6 6^ 

7 7 7 
8 
9 9 9 



|;|1. 



2 

? 3(3 



2 

•J 

4 4 



18 8 
91 9 9 







1111 

2{!»9 2 

3 3 3 

4 4 

5 5 5 

6 6 6 

7 7 7 



91 



A Hollerith card. Each answer on the questionnaire has a code number 
assigned to it under the proper column heading. For example the question- 
naire (Exhibit A) is that of an 18 year old boy. On the code in the appendix 
of this report the figure 8 under "Age'' represents an 18 year old boy, there- 
fore in the age column on the Hollerith card (Exhibit D) the figure '8 is punched 
out. 

gxhibit E 






®0 


It 
® 


®0 


1 




( 


1 ii 1 

)®0 


111 
3 





II 
Ii 



i!]! 


3 





if 

00 





1 i 


! 

« 

>0 


If 

o9 


1 
1 


il 



1 


1' 




' t { 
C 


1 
)0 


'1 

3 


if 
It 



1 

2 

3 


1« 

2 2 

3 3 


l€ 
22 

3 3 


it 

2 i''2 

3 3 


1 

2 
3 


1 < 
2 


il il 

2 2 2 2 

3 3®3 


1 

2 2 

3 3 


1 
2 
3 


1 
2 
3 


1 1- 

22« 
3 3 


r? 

JUS 


1 J 

2« 

3 3 


-1 1 

• '- ■ 

'2 2 
3 3 


1 
2 
3 


2"' 

3 


l1 1 

2 2 2 
i 3 3 
^44 
I 5^ 

3 6 6 


1 1 

22 

3 3 

4 4 

6~6 


1 

3 

9 

5 

6 


1 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 


1 1 1 

2 2 2 

3 3^ 

4 4 4 

5 5 5 

6 6 6 


1 1 

ii 

4 4 

5 5 

S3 

6 6 


3 c 

4 4 
III 


)1 
> 2 

_3|< 

^ 4 ' 


1 

2 2 

is 
1 4 
5 5 

3 6 


1 
2 
3 


4 
5 


4 4 

5 5 

6 6 

7 7 

3 8 
9 9 


4 4 

5 5 

6 6 


4 4 

5 5 

6 6 


4 
5 
6 


4 < 

5 

6 


t 4 4 4 ' 
3 5 5 5 1 
3 6 6 6 


t^ 4 
l| 
3 6 


4 
5 
6 


4 

5 
6 


44 ' 
5^5 


^ 4 

i I 

3 6 


4 4 
6 6 


4 4 

II 

6 6 


4 

5 
S 
6 


4 f 

5 

6 


4 

5 

6 


7 

8 
9 


7 7 

e'8 
9 9 


7 7 

8 8 

9 9 


7 
8 
9 


7 
6 
9 


r 7 7,#^ 

3 8 8 6 
3 9 9 9 


? 7 

3 3 

1 ■ 


B 
9 


9 

8 
9 


7 7 

0«4 
9 9 


? 7 

3 8 
3 9 


7 7 

8 8 

9 9 


7 7 

9 3 


7 
9 


7 

e 
9 


7 7 7 
3 8 
3 9 9 


7 7 

8 8 

9 9 


7 

8 
9 


8 

9 


7 7 7 

8 8® 

9 9 9 


7 7 

8 8 

9 9 


7 7 
6 £ 
9 £ 


7 

) e 
J 9 


r 7 

i 8 

3$ 


7 
8 
9 



A Hollerith card. In Exhibit E the six in the "Age" column Is punched 
out showing that the card is that of a sixteen-year-old boy. 

Method of recording the answers to the questions 

Each question was asked and the boy's answer recorded by a 
licensed teacher whose signature and school address were required 
on each questionnaire. This signature and address aided materially 
in securing accuracy and legibility as it was obviously possible to 
trace any careless work to its 'author. Seventy-eight percent of the 
boys live in the one hundred odd cities and villages of the State with 



Our Boys 21 

a population of more than 5,000 and having a well organized system 
of schools under the supervision of a su})erintendent. Another six 
percent of the boys live in the incorporated villages of the State, 
having a Union High School in charge of a supervising principal. 
This means that eighty-four percent of the questionnaires were filled 
(Alt in w^ell organized schools under close supervision. The filling 
out of the questionnaires in the rural communities was very carefully 
supervised by the district superintendents of the State and the 
returns received from the rural schools show that the work was 
carefully and accurately performed. On the completion of the 
enrollment the questionnaires were returned, in accordance with 
instructions sent out by the Commissioner of Education, to the offices 
of the Military Training Commission. 

Accuracy of answers on questionnaires 

That the work of recording the answers was conscientiously and 
accurately performed by the teachers of the State is evidenced by 
the fact that the answers to the questions on practically every one 
of the 186,060 questionnaires received were complete. The tabula- 
tions of the answers received from widely separated cities and 
villages show a uniformity of results which could not obtain had the 
work been carelessly done. Fui'thermore, the information obtained 
on over 10,000 similar questionnaires previously filled by the field 
staff of the bureau in personal interviews with boys in their places of 
employment in all parts of the State has verified the accuracy of 
the data on the questionnaires filled out by the teachers. 

Data transferred to sorting-machine cards 

On the receipt of the questionnaire cards a group of five specially 
trained young women transferred the information from the question- 
naires to Hollerith sorting and tabulating machine cards. This 
alone took several months of careful and painstaking work owing 
to the nature of the answers which required the use of an extensive 
code. The name of each boy was written on the back of the Hollerith 
card which enabled those supervising the work to check the results 
of the card-punching by comparing the punched cards with the 
01 iginal questionnaires. 



22 Our Boys 

Exhibit D shows a Hollerith card with the answers as given on 
the questionnaire in exhibit A painched on it ready for sorting in 
the electric sorting-machine. 

Exhibit E shows a Hollerith card with the answers as given on 
the questionnaire in exhibit B punched on it ready for sorting. 

Codes used in punching the cards 

The complete codes used in transferring the data from the question- 
naires in exhibits A and B to the Hollerith cards in exhibits D and 
E respectively are published in full in the appendix of this report. 

How the cards were sorted 

The punched cards were sorted on two machines, one a Hollerith 
machine located at Albany and the other a Powers machine located 
in Teachers College, Columbia University. The work of sorting 
the cards and tabulating the results of these sortings required a year's 
time and gives some idea of the magnitude and scope of the work. 
While a vast amount of information has been obtained from the 
cards the possibilities for further detailed study are by no means 
exhausted. The information on the cards is of such a nature as to 
make it of value for a long period of years. It will be impossible 
to publish in detail all of the information secured. 

The number of questionnaires received 

School Boys 

Greater 'New York 1Y,593 

Cities over 25,000 7,648 

Cities under 25,000 2,746 

Villages over 5,000 2,189 

Places under 5,000 



Employed farm boys ' '' 



Total 38,135 



Boys out 




/'s of School 


Total 


82,575 


100,168 


26,991 


34,639 


7,550 


10,296 


4,276 


6,465 


1 12,004 
I 14,529 


19,963 


14,529 


147,925 


186,060 



The necessity for using random samplings of data 

The work involved in properly sorting and tabulating such a 
tiemendous amount of material made it imperative to resort to ran- 
dom samplings of the data wherever possible. If all the 147,925 



Our Boys 23 

cards received from the employed boys had been used there would 
have been an aggregate total of over 12,000,000 sortings as each card 
had to be sent thru the machines approximately one hundred and 
fifty times. By resorting to random samplings of the data it was 
possible to get accurate results and at the same time reduce the 
labor of sorting and tabulating by about fifty percent. Even then 
the work assiuned almost overwhelming proportions as an aggregate 
total of over 6,000,000 sortings were made and the results tabulated. 

The method of making the random samplings of data 

In Greater I^ew York, 82,575 cards were received from the 
employed boys, divided into three age groups as follows: 

16 year olds , 36,410 

17 year olds 33,895 

18 year olds 12,270 

Total 82,575 



A random sampling of each group was then made so as to furnish 
a total of 18,000 cards, consisting of 7,000 cards from each of the six- 
teen and seventeen year old groups and 4,000 cards from the eighteen 
year old group. This made a sampling of approximately every fifth 
card from each of the sixteen and seventeen year old groups and 
every third card from the eighteen year old group. Tlie following 
method was employed in making the samplings : 

1. The cards of each group were arranged in strictly alphabetical 
order so as to destroy all traces of racial or nationality groupings. 

2. From the sixteen year old group every fifth card was withdrawn 
making a total of 7,282. From the 7,282 cards every twenty-fifth 
card was withdrawn leaving 7,071 cards. Then by withdrawing 
approximately every one-hundredth card the number was further 
reduced to exactly 7,000 cards. By a similar method 7,000 cards 
weire selected from the seventeen year old group and 4,000 from 
the eighteen year old group. 



24 Our Boys 

Cities over 25,000 population outside of Greater New York 

In the twentj-one cities of the State outside of Greater New York 
having over 25,000 population 26,991 cards were received from 
employed boys divided into three age groups as follows: 

16 year olds 9,818 

17 year olds 9,644 

18 year olds T,529 

Total 26,991 



A random sampling of each group was then made so as to furnish 
a total of 15,000 cards, consisting of 5,000 cards from each age 
group. The following method was employed in making the 
samplings : 

1. The cards were divided into sixteen, seventeen and eighteen 
year age groups. 

2. Each age group was then arranged in strictly alphabetical order. 

3. From the sixteen year old group every second card was with- 
drawn making 4,909 cards. From the remaining 4,909 cards every 
Jlfty-fifth card was withdrawn furnishing ninety-one more cards or 
a total of 5,000 cards. By a similar method 5,000 cards were selected 
from the seventeen and eighteen year old groups respectively, making 
a total of 15,000 cards. 

Cities under 25,000 population 

In the thirty-six cities of the State having less than 25,000 popula- 
tion 7,550 cards were received from the employed boys, divided in 
three age groups as follows : 

16 year olds 2,559 

17 year olds 2,603 

18 year olds 2,388 

Total 7,550 



For the general tabulations made of this entire group of cities all 
the cards were used. 



Our Boys 25 

Villages over 5,000 population 

In the fortv-oiie villages of the State having over 5,000 popula- 
tion 4,276 cards were received from the employed boys, divided in 
ihree age groups as follows : 

16 year olds 1,887 

17 year olds 1,558 

18 year olds 1,331 

Total 4,276 



For the general tabulations made of this entire group of villages 
all the cards were used. 

Places under 5,000 population 

In places under 5,000 population 12,004 cards were received from 
tne employed boys, divided in three age groups as follows: 

16 year olds 4,065 

17 year olds 4,273 

18 year olds 3,666 

Total 12,004 



For the general tabulations made of this entire group all the cards 
were used. 

Farm boy group 

From boys employed on farms in all sections of the State 14,529 
cards were received, divided in three age groups as follows : 

16 year olds 5,331 

17 year olds 5,187 

18 year olds 4,011 

Total ' 14,529 



For the tabulations made of this entire group all the cards were 
used. 



26 



Our Boys 



School boy group 

From the school boys of the State 38,135 cards were received but 
no tabulations were made of this group because no data other than 
nationality was collected. 

Tabulations for individual cities and villages over 5,000 population 

In the detailed studies of the individual cities and villages prac- 
tically every card received from the employed boys was tabulated 
excepting in Greater JSTew York, iRochester and a few smaller places 
where minor adjustments were made. Tables ISTo. 1, in the text, 
1-A, 1-B and 1-C, (see appendix) show the exact number of cards 
received and tabulated for each city and village. 



Population and Enrollment 

Of All Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys 
TABLE No. 1 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 













Num- 


Per- 










Total 


Total 


Total 


Popu- 


ber of 


cent 


Popu- 


School 
boys 


Num- 




popu- 


per- 


lation 


em- 


of em- 


lation 


ber of 


GROUPS 


lation 


ber en- 
rolled 


cent 


of em- 


ployed 


ployed 


of 


cards 




of 


en- 


ployed 


boys 


boys 


school 


rolled 


tabu- 




boys 


rolled 


boys 


en- 


en- 


boys 


lated 












rolled 


rolled 








Greater New York . 


142,472 


100,252 


70.4 


124,879 


82,659 


66.2 


17,593 


17,593 


18,000 


Cities over 25,000.. 


50,529 


34,830 


68.9 


42,881 


27,182 


63.4 


7,648 


7,648 


20,523 


Cities under 25,000. 


13,982 


10,518 


75.2 


11,236 


7,772 


69.1 


2,746 


2,746 


7,496 


Villages over 5,000. 


7,967 


6,686 


83.9 


5,778 


4,497 


77.8 


2,189 


2,189 


4,269 


Places under 5,000. 


49,050 


33,774 


68.8 


41,091 


28,515 


62.8 


7,959 


7,959 


12,004 


Employ'd farm boys 


* 


* 


* 


* 


* 


* 


* 


* 


14,529 


Total 


264,000 


186,060 


70.5 


225,865 


147,925 


65.4 


38,135 


38,135 


76 821 







* The cards of the employed farm boys were eliminated from the above groups and tabulated 
separately. 

Definitions of terms used 

Employed hoys. — The term " employed boys " as used in this 
report refers to all boys not attending day schools and employed 
otherwise than on farms. 

Fwpm hoys. — The term " farm boys " as used in this report refers 
to all boys not attending day schools and employed on farais. 

School hoys. — The term " school boys " as used in this report 
refers to boys in regular attendance at day schools. 



Our Boys 27 

Reliability of results obtained from a random sampling of data 

The novice in the matter of handling statistics is often very 
skeptical of results obtained from random samplings of data. In 
this connection it is interesting to note that a test case was made 
of the data received from 6,468 employed boys in the city of Buffalo. 
The fact that the test was made by skeptics, who became so thoroly 
convinced of the validity of the results obtained from their random 
samplings that they turned the data of their investigation over to 
the director of the bureau, adds a peculiar interest and value to 
the work. 

Dr. Truman L. Kelly, assistant professor of education, Columbia 
University, bec?me interested in using these figures for a further 
study of the reliability of the percentile method with the result 
that the following article was written by Mr. Ben D. Wood. 

NOTE ON THE RELIABILITY OF PREDICTION BASED ON RANDOM 

SAMPLING 

1. The laymen and the not widely experienced statistician find it difficult to 
accept with any satisfactory degree of confidence predictions based on pro- 
portions of comparatively small random samplings. For example, if it is 
observed in a random sampling consisting of 25 percent of all the 16, 17 and 
18 year old boys in a given city, that 83.4 percent have the father as guardian, 
what would be the proportion of the remaining 75 percent of such boys who 
would similarly have the male parent as guardian. The average layman would 
not eA'en attempt to guess within 10 percent of the truth, and he would prob- 
ably laugh if someone should venture that it would be 83.4 plus or minus 2 per- 
cent or less. Again, if for the above sampling it were observed that for 6.3 per- 
cent of the boys the second year high school was the last school grade com- 
pleted, and that for 1.4 percent of the boys sickness was the (reported) cause 
for leaving school, and that for fl.S percent of the boys $18 was the (reported) 
beginning weekly wage, and that 2 percent left school at the age of ] ,S years, 
the average person would be far from ready to accept these as anything like the 
approximate proportions that would be observed in the total group. 

2. Many will welcome the evidence afforded by an empirical study which 
recently came to light in the form of a test case which is none the less valid for 
having been made somewhat clandestinely by a group of skeptics. On December 
3, 1918, the Vocational Bureau of the New York State Military Training Com- 
mission received a questionnaire card from each of the 6,468 emnloved bovs 
16, 17 and 18 years old in the city of Buffalo. About 275 public school 
teachers filled out the cards for the boys. The like was done in every part of 
the State, and in order to avoid the tremendous task of handling so many cards, 
the director of the bureau, Howard G. Biirdge, gave orders that in certain 
units random samplings be taken which were to be studied in lieu of the total 
number of cards for such units. The group of subordinates in charge of the 
Buffalo cards was so skeptical that some of its members determined, sub rosa, 
to test the wisdom of Mr. Burdge's economy. 

3. Accordingly, the 6,468 cards were put into strict alphabetical order, and 
every fourth card extracted. The extracted cards, constitutinsj 25 percent of 
the total, were sorted and tabulated with Hollerith machines. Then the remain- 
ing cards, constituting 75 percent of the total, were run thru the machines for 



28 



Our Boys 



similar sorting and tabulation. Finally, all cards were thrown together and 
the total 6,468 cards were put thru the machines. The results were placed 
in parallel columns as below. The agreement illustrated ought to put an end to 
heresy. It is noteworthy that even in the items involving small numbers of 
cards, the proportions in the three groups are almost identical, clearly demon- 
strating the sagacity of Mr. Burdge's judgment in the matter. 



TABLE No. X 

Results of Random Sampling as shown in six of the items studied in Buffalo. 



Item I — 

Guardian 

of Boy 



-Percent of enrollment- 



25 



Father 83 

Mother 13 

Uncle 

Aunt 

Stepfather . . . 

Stepmother . . 

Brother 

Sister 

Headmaster or 
matron 

Grandparents. . 

Others not re- 
related .... 

No answer 



Item II — 
No. Children 

in Family 

One 6.3 

Two 11.3 

Three 14.8 

Four 13.6 



Five 

Six 

Seven 

Eight 

Nine 

Ten 

Eleven or more 
No answer. . . . 



14.3 
11.9 

9'. 8 
8.1 

4.2 
3.0 

2.7 



Item III — 

Reason for 
Leaving School 
Financial .... 9.1 
Wanted to 

work 68.4 

Sick 1.4 

Graduated ... 12.2 
Miscellaneous. .6 

Disliked school 8 . 3 



75 
82.4 
14.1 
.6 
.2 
.9 
.1 
.5 
.3 



.04 



6.3 

11.0 

13.7 

14.4 

14.6 

12.6 

10.5 

7.2 

4.1 

2.7 

2.0i 

.04 



10.1 



69 
1 



11.0 

.3 

7.9 



100 
82.4 
13.9 
.6 
.2 
.9 
.2 
.5 
.4 



.02 



6.3 
11.7 
13.9 
14.2 
14.5 
12.4 
10.3 
7.4 
4.2 



;.8 

i.2 
.03 



9.9 

69.0 

1.3 

11.4 

.3 

8.0 



Item IV — • 
Age Leaving 
School 
Ten years 
under or 
answer 
Eleven . . 
Twelve . 
Thirteen 
Fourteen 
Fifteen . 
Sixteen . 
Seventeen 
Eighteen 



-Percent of enrollme^it- 



or 
no 



25 



.8 

.2 

.6 

2.0 

31.6 

36.9 

21.5 

5.5 

.9 



Iton V — 
Last Grade 

Completed 
Fourth grade 

or under or 

no answer . 
Fifth grade . . 
Sixth grade . . 
Seventh grade 
Eighth grade . 
1st yr. H. S.. 
2nd yr. H. S . 
3rd yr. H. S. 
4th yr. H. S. 
Business school 



2.1 

3.2 

14.5 

19.7 

23.7 

23.8 

6.3 

1.7 

1.8 

3.2 



Item VI — 
Beginning 
WeeJdy Wage 
$3.00 ....'.. 10.1 



6.00 

9.00 

12.00 

15.00 

18.00 

21.00 

24.00 

27 . OO 

More than $27 
No answer. . . . 



17.4 
13.8 
11.2 

14.5 
9.8 

7.7 
5.6 
2.8 

7.1 



75 



.7 

.1 

.5 

1.9 

30.1 

37.3 

23.5 

5.0 

.9 



2.2 

3.4 

13.5 

20.3 

26.9 

20.4 

6.2 

2.2 

1.4 

3.3 



8.6 

18.0 

15.1 

10.9 

14.4 

9.4 

7.6 

4.7 

3.6 

'7.'7 



100 



.8 

.2 

.5 

1.9 

30.4 

37.1 

22.9 

5.2 

.9 



2.2 

3.4 

13.8 

20.2 

26.1 

21.2 

6.2 

2.0 

1.5 

3.3 



17. 
14. 
10. 
14. 

9. 

7. 

4. 

3. 



4. These parallel columns afford material for studying the reliability of the 
percentile method. The standard deviation of the difference of two proportions 



The results 



for independent events is given by the f ormvila : adp \ (— ^ -|- ^-i- 

\ n n^ 

given by it can be tested by calculating the actual S. D.s of the difference 
between columns I and II of Table X for definite percentile ranges. This has 
been done roughly with results as given in Table Y. 



OuB Boys 29 

The values in the S. D. column are TABLE Y 

obtained by distributing the differences Standard Deviation of the Differ- 
of the proportions within the percentile ences or Proportions Empirically 

range indicated at the left, and cal- and Theoretically Derived. 

culating the second moment in the or- Proportion Actual 8. D. pq/n-p'q' /n' 
dinary way, assuming M = O. The 
values in the third cohuun were ob- 
tained by taking p =^ p' midpoint of 
percentile range indicated at left, p ^ p' 
(1— p), n = 7617 and n' = 485l. 



50-65 


1.78 


1.43 


65-75 


2.15 


1.316 


75-85 


1.756 


1.149 


85-90 


1.288 


.950 


90-94 


1.259 


.778 


94-98 


.7865 


.596 


97-985 


. 39.37 


.4:^6 


985-995 


.2816 


.252 


995-998 


.1948 


.1675 


998-999 


.0913 




9994-99'97 


.0946 





It will be oliserved that the actual S. D"s. are consistently larger than the 
theoretical. This is due partly to the roughness of the calculations in both 
columns, partly to the slight inaccuracies involved in carrying the original 
proportions to one decimal only, partly to slight error introduced by assum- 
ing M = O in calculating tlie actual >S. D.'s and laregly to the fact that 27S 
relatively untrained teachers made out the cards. The variability in their 
interpretations of answers to such questions as "Why did you leave school?", 
"Age at leaving school?", "Last grade completed?", etc., would justify reduc- 
ing the denominator in the formula a(^p \ — -\- ^' ^ quite considerably, so 

\ n ' n^ 
as to increase the theoretical S. D. systematically. Another influence which 
makes for a consistent difference in favor of the actual S. D. values is the 
inadvertent weighting of various differences of proportions by the repetition 
of sortings involving practically the same (or dependent) elements; this is 
notably the case in tlie second actual S. D. value — 2.15. This vitiation crept 
in before the fact of repeated or correlated sortings was noticed. It must be 
noted also that in deriving tliese actual S. D. values, n was quite small in the 
larger percentile ranges. 

On the whole the roughness of these calculations does not hide the very strong 
and unequivocal support afforded by empirical facts for the theoretical reliability 
of the percentile method of truly random sampling. 

BElsr D. WOOD. 

Columbia University. 

Over 10,000 additional personal interviews made by field staif 

Previous to the State-wide enrollment conducted by the teachers 
of the State over 10,000 personal interviews with hoys were made 
l)y the eighteen field inspectors connected with the Vocational 
Bureau, in the shops, manufacturing plants and other firms employ- 
ing boys in a large number of city, village and rural communities, 
so selected as to cover industries of all types in all sections of th(; 
State. These inspectors were all technically trained men experienced 
in dealing with boys in educational and industrial work. Many of 
them had also completed courses in employment management. Five 
of the group, who were graduates of agricultural colleges, conducted 
personal interview's with every farm boy in Livingston county. The 



so Our Boys 

questionnaires used in these personal interviews contained practically 
the same questions as those used in the State-wide enrollment con- 
ducted by the teachers. Exhibit F shows the questionnnaire used 
and exhibit G shows the location on the map of the various communi- 
lies surveyed by the inspectors. The information gained in these per- 
sonal interviews verified in every respect the accuracy of the infor- 
mation obtained by the teachers in the State-wide enrollment and 
forms a very valuable check on the accuracy of their work. 



OuB Boys 



31 





\, 



c 



S2 



OuK Boys 



Exhibit G. 

Showing the location of varlojE cities, villages anJ rural 

TiunliieQ covfired by the field stiff who held personal 
interviews witd over 10,000 boys at tnair places of 
emplo^Tiont. 




Fourteen cities over ;25, 000 
^ Eishteen cities under 25,000 
# Ten villages over S.ooo 
Thirty villaireB under 5,000 

All farm boys In Livingston County 



Oufi Boys 



33 



CHAPTER II 
Enrollment Statistics 

The estimated population of sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year 
old boys in the State of New York on December 3, 1918, was 264,000. 
These estimates were based on the Federal census of 1910 and the 
annual growth as shown by the State census of 1915. The enroll- 
ment of sixteen and seventeen year old boys was considerably larger 
than of the eighteen year old boys. See table No. 2-D in the text. 
This can be accounted for in some degree by the fact that a large 
number of eighteen year old boys were with the American Expedi- 
tionary Forces and had not yet been demobilized. It is also probable 
that eighteen year old boys, who within a short time were to become 
nineteen years of age failed to respond to the call of the Governor. 
Diagram A and table No. 1-D in the text, show the number and per- 
cent of boys enrolled by age groups. They also show the number of 
school boys and employed boys enrolled and not enrolled. Tables No. 
1-A to 2-F inclusive, in the appendix, show the enrollment in detail 
for the individual cities and villages of the State. Tables No. 4 and 
fi show the number of employed boys enrolled and the number of 
cards tabulated for each city and village. 



Practically all school boys were enrolled 

The fact that the school authorities of the State strictly enforced 
the law compelled a very complete enrollment of the sixteen, seven- 
teen and eighteen year old school boys. The boys who did not enroll 
were those who were not attending school. This number is not exces- 
sively large when it is remembered that a large number of these boys 
were still in the army. 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys 

Percent of Boys In and Out of School and Total. Enrollment 
TABLE No. 1-D — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


Popula- 
tion of 
boys 


Total 
enroll- 
ment 


Percent 
enrolled 


School 

boy 
enroll- 
ment 


Percent 

in 
school 


Per- 
cent 
out of 
school 






142,472 

50,529 

13,982 

7,967 

49,050 


100,252 

34,830 

10,518 

6,686 

33,774 


70.4 
68.9 
75.2 
83.9 
68.8 


17,593 
7,648 
2,746 
2,189 
7,959 


12.4 
15.1 
19.7 
27.4 
16.2 


87.6 


Cities over 25,000 


84.9 


Cities under 25,000 


80.3 


Villages over 5,000 


72.6 


Places under 5,000 . . . 


83.8 






Total 


264 , 000 


186 060 


70.5 


38,135 


14.4 


85.6 















34 



OuE Boys 



Peecent of Slxteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Yeak Old Boys 

In and Out of School 

TABLE No. 2 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 





Percent Out of 
School 


Percent in School 


Total 

number 

of boys 

in each 

age 

group 


Total 


GROUPS 


Age 


Age 


popula- 
tion of 




16 


17 


18 


16 


17 


18 


boys 




79.3 
75.5 
67.4 
52.1 
72.7 


89.0 
85.8 
83.0 
75.4 
86.6 


94.7 
93.0 
90.7 
90.0 
92.0 


20.7 
24.5 
32.6 
47.9 
27.3 


11.0 
14.2 
17.0 
24.6 
13.4 


5.3 
7.0 
9.3 
10.0 
8.0 


47,490 
16,843 
4,661 
2,656 
16,350 


142,472 


Cities over 25,000 


50,529 


Cities under 25,000 


13,982 


Villao-es over 5,000 


7,967 


Places under 5,000 


49,050 






Total 


76.0 


87.2 


93.5 


24.0 


12.8 


6,5 


88,000 


264,000 







Percent of All Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old 

Boys Respectively Who Enrolled on December 3, 1918 

TABLE No. 2-D — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


16 

years 


17 

years 


18 
years 


Popula- 
tion of 
boys 


Number 

of 
employed 

boys 
enrolled 


Total 
per cent 
enrolled 




Per cent 
92.8 
81.3 
88.6 
100.0 
98.8 


Per cent 
78.5 
70.2 
73.9 
93.0 
82.9 


Per cent 
29.7 
50.9 
61.3 
66.5 
64.0 


142,472 

50,529 

13,982 

7,967 

49,050 


100,252 

34,830 

10,518 

6,686 

33,774 


70.4 


Cities over 25,000 


68.9 


Cities under 25,000 


75.2 


Villages over 5,000 


83.9 


Places under 5,000 


68.8 






Total .... 


91.7 


77.7 


41.9 


264,000 


186,060 


70.5 







OuE Boys 



35 



Total 264,000 



Tot»l 186,060 




1. Snonlnt; the number ct all 16", 17 »nd 18 2. ShowiivT the mirnbor of each oge group 
year old boyt in the state that <»ivrolled. that enrolled. 



Total 39,135 



Totol 225,865 




3. Showing the nuwber of school toys tliat 4. Showing the number of boys out of 
enrolled, school that enrolled. 

DIAGRAM A 



Detailed enrollment of school boys 

Table ]^o. 2 in the text shows the percent of boys of each age in 
and out of school for the city and village groups. Tables No. 2-A, 
2-B and 2-C in the appendix show the enrollment of school boys by 
age groups for the individual cities and villages of the State. Dia- 
gram B shows the percent of all the boys in the State of each age 
group in and out of school. It also points out very clearly the rapid 
elimination of boys still in school. At age sixteen about three out 
of four boys are out of school. At age seventeen, seven out of eight 
are out of school and at age eighteen, fifteen out of sixteen are out 
of school. See Diagram C. 



36 



OuB Boys 




18 year 

DiAGBAM B SHOWING THE PERCENT OF BOYS OF EACH AGE GROUP IN AND OUT OF 

SCHOOL 




DIAGRAM C 

Out OF EVERY SEVEN SCHOOL BOYS FOUR ARE SIXTEEN, TVFO ARE SEVENTEEN AND 

ONE IS EIGHTEEN 

The majority of these boys are out of school 

Table No. 1-D above, shows that the percent of sixteen, seventeen 
and eighteen year old boys out of school is higher in Glr eater New 
York than in the other city and village groups. In Greater New 
York 8Y.6 percent are out of school as compared with only Y2.6 



Our Boys 



37 



percent in villages over 5,000. The State average, however, is 
85.6 percent. In other words about six out of every seven of these 
boys are out of school. 




DIAGRAM D 
Six out of every seven are out of school 



state Total 

lOCK 



State Totnl 
100:? 





Percent of Population living In Urban and Rural Communities 
DIAGEAM E 

The majority of boys live in urban communities 

Diagram E shows that 77.7 percent of the boys live in places of 
5,000 or more population. In all of these communities there is a 
superintendent of schools and a well organized public school system. 
Another six percent lived in incorporated villages under 5,000. In 
inost of these communities there is a union high school in charge 
of a supeiwising principal. Only 16.3 percent of the boys attended 
strictly rural schools. While the solution of the rural school problem 
is of tremendous importance it is encouraging to note that in compari- 
son with other states such a small percentage of the population of 
the State of New York is educated in the rural school. The above 
infoirmation is based on the 1915 State census. 



88 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER III 
Nationality 




DIAGRAM F 
In Greater New York one boy out of five is foreign born 




DIAGRAM G 
In Greater New York three boys out of five have both parents foreign born 




DIAGRAM H 

In Greater New York six out of ten boys have two foreign parents; one 

OUT of ten has one parent foreign BORN; THREE HAVE TWO AMERICAN 
PARENTS 



There are more boys of foreign birth in the cities 

Charts 'No. 3, 3-A and 3-B and tables No. 3 in the text, and 3-A, 
3-B and 3-C in the appendix, give the data with regard to the country 
of birth of the employed boys and show that in general the popula- 
tion of foreign boys is much greater in large cities than in rural 
communities. There is, however, no direct correlation between popu- 



Our Boys 39 

lation and the percentage of foreign born boys in the case of indi- 
vidual cities. The foreign population of smaller cities and villages 
varies widely as to nationality because the type and percentage of 
foreigners in any given city or village is detei-mined largely by the 
type of employment offered. In many of our smaller cities and vil- 
lages the foreign element is predominantly of the unskilled labor 
class, whose interest in education is not very great. Later studies 
in the report show that the type rather than the percent of foreign 
population should be taken into consideration when making com- 
parisons between schools and school systems. For example, while 
the percentage of foreign population in Greater New York is very 
high it is of a very cosmopolitan character and the unskilled labor 
element is not so predominant as is the case in many of the smaller 
cities and villages of the State. 

Very few foreign born boys on farms 

It is significant that only three percent of the employed farm boys 
are foreign born. While an average of about ten percent of the 
boys in all other communities of the State outside of Greater New 
York are foreign born, in Greater New York where fifty-four percent 
of the boy population of the State is found, twenty percent of the 
boys are of foreign birth. Charts ^o. 3, 3-A and 3-B show quite a 
wide variation in the percent of foreign born boys found in the 
individual cities and villages of the State. 



40 



Otjr Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Birth and Parentage 

TABLE No. 3— SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 





BiBTH 


American Boys 


Foreign 
Boys 


Popula- 
tion of 
employe 
boys 


GROUPS 


American 
boys 


Foreign 
boys 


Two 

American 
parents 


One 

American 

parent 


Two 
foreign 
parents 


Two 
foreign 
parents 


Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 

Places under 5,000 

Employed farm boys .... 


80.0 
87.6 
91.5 
90.3 
94.2 
97.0 


20.0 

12.4 
8.5 
9.7 
5.8 
3.0 


27.0 
44.1 
59.4 
57.5 
66.4 
76.7 


10.5 
13.7 
11.0 
10.6 
10.9 
9.7 


42.5 
29.8 
21.1 
22.2 
16.9 
10.6 


20.0 
12.4 
8.5 
9.7 
6.8 
3.0 


124,795 

42,690 

11,014 

5,557 

1 41,809 



Greater Mew York*... 
CltleB OTer 259OOO. . 
Cities imdar 25,000. 
Villages over 5,000. 
Pieces under 5,000.. 
linployed farm boys.. 




smoaHz FOB as* torn siatb 

30% '•0% S07o 60 7o 70% 



80% >»% 100% 



Cities over 25,000 



1 Hlagara Palis. 

2 Hew York 

3 isohester 

4 Utlca. ... 

5 AjQSterdam 

6 Jamestown 

7 Auliani. 

8 ^clieneotady.. ... 
"i Sofw .upohAllo.. .. 

10 BeiTburgh 

j1 Moimt Vernon.... 

12 Syracuse 

13 WatertOYin 

14 Baffald 

15 Blu^azitton, 

16 Pou^ikeepsle. 

17 lonkers 

18 Albany 

19 OsTrego. ...... 

20 Mngston HE 

21 Iroy., 
ZZ aimira, 





ssb: 






0% 
Foreign born boys CZ. 



io7(, 20% 30% 4070 
I American born boys 



50%, 60% 70%, W% 



i007o 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Boys of American and Foreign Birth 
Chart No. 3. — State Summary and Cities over 25,000 



Our Boys 



41 




MTo 




a aiovariTll ]••••• 

% 

4 llMliulsvllU... 

5 QiUn. Gov* 

6 Jotaasto' 

7 BatavU. 
• lerth Toiwmnda. 
9 a«a»Ta*. 

10 Little Halls.... 

11 Sanlclzic 

12 BeaooB...*. 

IS White Plains.... 

14 Oohoet 

15 OaoandAigoa 

16 XoaawaodA....... 

17 Oedaiuibuzg..4... 

18 lorwloh 

19 Olean 

20 Hudson 

21 ithaoa 

22 Oneida 

23 Watervliat 

14 Santoga Sprlnga 

25 Coming......... 

26 aalamanoa 

27 Talton.. ........ 

20 Pert Chester.... 

29 Lookport 

50 Onaonta......... 

51 UidUetovn 

52 Homell 4E 

35 Cortland £ 

34 aiens ftilla JC 

35 Platt8hurg......C 

36 araaeelaer Ju 




K 



1>% 10% 20% 30% «% SC% «% n% M% 90% U»% 

Foreign bom boys i 1 American born boys 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Boys of Amekican and Foreign Birth 

Chart No. 3A.— Cities under 25,000 



42 



Our Boys 



10% 




20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 





1 lAwronoe****) 

2 Maaaena* 

3 Hoxklzner*** ••«••• 

4 fort Cheater 

5 Sepew 

6 Seneca J^lla 

7 Bewirk.*** 

8 Albion 

9 Solvay... ........ 

10 Fort Waablagtoii.. 

11 Endloott 

12 fatchogoe....... 

13 Pann Yan. 

14 Vaterford 
16 Kamaroneolc. 

16 fredonla 

17 iiedonia. 

18 Whitehall 

19 Uastinga 

20 Oaalnlne. 

21 Hempatead 

22 Horth Xazrytown.* 

23 Walden ^ 

24 Saranao ijBke.....HHBL 

25 uaTeratraw HE: 

2£ Hoaaiok inill8....bflB_ 

27 lllon ^E: 

28 Baatln^ou.. MMt- 

29 Jialone fiEI 

30 Peekaklll WZ. 

31 B)elcvllle Center.^^ 

32 Iiya«ilc WZ 

33 Lancaster. M~~ 

34 Tarrytoim » 

35 CataHlll IB — 

36 WtiLlSTille jiB!rr 

37 Bidaon ^lls m — 

38 Johnaon City * 

39 ?reeport .. 1 

40 T^Terly*. I~~~ 

41 OwBgo r~~' 



0% 



Foreign born boys 



10% 20% 30% 40% 
HI American born boys 



50% 40% 70% 80% 90% 100% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Boys op American and Foreign Birth 

Chart No. 3B.— Villages over 5,000 



Our Boys 



43 



There are many foreign parents in large cities 

Charts No. 3-C, 3-D, 3-E and 3-^ and tables No. 3 in che text, 
and 3-A, 3-B and 3-C in the appendix, show the number of boys hav- 
ing American and foreign parentage in the various city and village 
groups, and also in the individual cities and villages of the State, 
A comparison of the various city and village groups as shown on 
chart No. 3-C and table No. 3 shows that the percent of boys having 
two American parents increases quite regularly from twenty-seven 
percent in the case of Greater New York to 76.7 percent in the 
farm boy gi'oup. There is also a very noticable correlation between 
the poj>ulation of the various groups and the number of foreign born 
boys and parents. It is interesting to note : 

1. That only twenty-seven percent of the employed boys of Greater 
New York have two American born parents. 

2. Sixty-two and five-tenths percent have two foreign born parents. 

3. Ten and five-tenths percent have one foreign born parent. 

4. Seventy-three percent have either one or both parents foreign 
born. 

5. One out of eveiy five boys is foreign born. 

6. Three out of every five boys have both parents foreign born. 

7. One boy out of ten has one foreign and one American born 
parent. 



•% 



gOBMAEf poa HBff TOBK 3tA.fS 

30% 40% 50% 60% 70^ 




Sraater Hew Yorlu.. 
Cities over 25,000.. 
Cities xmder 25,000, 
Places oTer 5,000... 
Places under 5,000.. 
fiaployed f&zm boys.. 

0% 10% *>% 30% 40% 

I I American born boys with two American parents. 
American born boys with one American parent. 
American born boys with two foreign parents. 
Foreign born boys with two foreign parents. 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Parents of Amebican and Foreign Birth 

Chart No. 3C. — State Sununary 



4) 



Our Boys 




e 4> 






III! 



CO o 

^ ^- 

a 

O OJ 



5 < I 

g CO 




Our Boys 



45 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Percent of Foreign Born Fathers Marrying Into Each 

ISTationality 

TABLE No. 3-D— GREATER NEW YORK AND CITIES OVER 25,000 











Mother's 


Birthplace 












a 
o 

a 

o 

H 




FATHKR'S BirvTIIPLACE 




3 
c 

O 


.3 
3 


■n 

1 


C 
3 

a 

A 

3 

< 


T3 

1 


c 


1 
to 
c 

W 


0! 

C 
OS 

O 


■0 

a 
o 


1 

3 
o 

O 


B 

3 

c 
o 


Italy 


99 i 


.2 

9;S r 


' ' ^5 

91 .S 

.1 

4.1 

1.7 

4.3 


.1 

1.3 

95.8 
.1 

2^2 
17.2 
13.1 
23.1 


.1 

2.7 
4.1 






.5 

.8 

2.3 

.1 






.2 

1.8 

.2 

.6 

.2 

.4 

2.2 

1.8 

1.0 

.9 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


2,678 




.5 
1.0 


.2 

' .1 
.1 




3 

2 




1 

4 


1.971 






2.1 

.7 
2.9 

.9 
1.9 
5.5 
2.8 

.9 


1,905 






1,392 






')1 .S 

1.2 

.3 

2.3 


.5 
95. S 


130 


Poland 




721 






.92. S 
.6 


.3 

58. ii 
4.9 
5.6 


.^ 


3 
4 


i 


7 
5 




363 






347 






183 










1.9 


108 





















Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Percent of Foreign Born Mothers Marrying Into Each 

Nationality 
TABLE No. 3-E— GREATER NEW YORK AND CITIES OVER 25,000 



MOTHER'S birthplace 



Italy 

Germany 

Russia 

Ireland 

Austria-Hungary . 

Poland 

Scandinavia 

England 

Canada 

Scotland 



Father's Birthpl.\ce 



09. G 
.3 



.1 

90 . C 
.5 
1.7 
3.9 
1.6 
.8 
3.2 
3.7 
2.3 



2.0 

•94 .0 



5.8 

2.7 



5 
1 

SS.9 



11.2 

7^0 



1.9 

2.8 

.1 

SS.O 

1.0 
.3 
.7 

1.1 



.6 

70.6 

15.4 

7.0 



3.2 

75.0 
1.1 



.6 
2.1 
3.2 

73.1' 



1.3 



3.1 
2.1 
1.0 
4.5 



100.0 
lOJ.O 
loO.O 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



1,844 
1,358 

731 

2Sf. 

1,498 

86 

35J 
46 

189 
1,993 



Most foreigners marry into their own nationality- 
Tables No. 3-D and 3-E in the text show that most of the parents 
of the ten largest nationality groups of Greater New York and the 



46 Our Boys 

other cities over 25,'00'0 population marry into their own nationalities. 
The English, Canadians and Scotch are the exceptions to this rule. 
Less than one percent of the Italians marry into other nationalities. 
About eight percent of the German men and nine percent of the 
German women marry into practically all other nationalities. The 
Russians, most of whom are Hebrews, do not marry Italians, Irish, 
Scandinavians, Canadians nor Scotch. This is probably due to the 
fact that they marry into their own race and few Hebrews are found 
in the nationalities they seem to avoid. Ninety-six percent of the 
Irish men marry into their ovoi nationality while only eighty-nine 
percent of the Irish women marry into their own nationality. The 
Austro-Hungarians have a record of ninety-two percent for the men 
and eighty-eight percent for the womsn, the rest being scattered 
among all nationalities. About ninety-five perceni; of the Poles 
marry into their own nationality, the remaining few marry Germans, 
Russians and Austro-Hungariaus. About ninety-four percent of the 
Scandinavians marry into their own nationality and the others are 
scattering. Only fifty-eight percent of the English men marry Eng- 
lish women, seventeen percent marry Irish women, six percent marry 
German women, eight percent marry Canadian women and the rest 
scattering. Seventy percent of the English women marry into their 
own nationality, eleven percent marry Irish, three percent marry 
Germans, five percent marry Russians, three percent marry Cana- 
dians and the rest scattering. Seventy-eight percent of the Canadian 
men marry into their own nationality, thirteen percent marry Irish, 
five percent marry English and the rest scattering. Seventy-five per- 
cent of the Canadian women marry Canadian men, fifteen percent 
marry English men and the rest are scattering. Sixty-two percent 
of the Scotch men marry into their own nationality while twenty- 
three percent of them marry Irish women. Seventy-eight percent of 
the Scotch women marry Scotch men, seven percent marry Irish, 
seven percent marry English and the rest scattering. 

The Italians, who have the highest record for marrying into their 
own nationality, are evidently more prone to colonize in this country 
than are some of the other nationalities, while the Germans and the 
inhabitants of the British Isles and 'Canada marry into many dif- 
ferent nationalities. 



Our Boys 



47 







■s 
4Sl s 



o a I ^ « 



H««*««..«»g-aa*a-5i-saaaasasa5S855gs5BSiR 



« S « I 

S £ S H 

<# lo <o r- 




a 
5 « ^ i ! I . 



■4 a • I 



S £ 



3 : I 



H f : I 1 I § °„ I 2 I II ^ ! § I 






rt « » 3f 
n n n N 




48 



Our Boys 



I S « V 

rt w » ■* 



Mmimi 




&* sat;!:? ESlsBs^g iESi3 5siT!«g33?.lg iS,;? 



^33 



„ 1 -■ * 



'i B ^ Si 

n Ai n <# 



^ fl 3. 






s ^ ^ a 



I 
s. c 



fir 







p o 



Our Boys 



49 



CHAPTER IV 

Guardianship 




DIAGRAM I 

Only four boys out of five claim father as guardian 

Sixteen^ Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Eviployed Boys 

Guardianship 

Boy& Naming Father, Mother and Others as Guardian 

TABLE No. 4 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 




Guardian 




Total 
percent 


Popula- 
tion of 


Father 


Mother 


Others 


ennplo ed 
boys 




79.9 
81,1 
80.4 
82.5 
84.0 
87.1 


15.1 
13.4 
13.2 
12.0 
10.8 
5.9 


5.0 
5.5 
6.4 
5.5 
5.2 
7.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


124,795 


Cities over 25,000 


42 690 


Cities under 25,000 


11 014 


Villages over 5,000 


5 557 


Places under 5,000 


27 280 


Employed farm boys 


14,529 


Total 










225 865 









GREATER NEW YORK 



NATIONALITY GROUPS 




Guardian 




Total 
percent 


Popula- 
tion of 


Father 


Mother 


Others 


employed 
boys 




73.7 
80.9 
84.7 


19.2 
14.8 
10.9 


7.1 
4.3 
4.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


33 695 


Mixedt 


66,141 
24 959 






Total 


79.9 


15.1 


5.0 


100.0 


124 795 







* American born boys with both parents American born. 

t American born boys with one or both parents foreign born, 

t Foreign born boys with both parents foreign born. 



50 Our Boys 

Fewer fathers are named as guardians in large cities 

Each hoj was asked to state the relationship of his guardian in 
case it was other than father. In general thrnout the State only 
four out of five boys claimed the father as gniardian and in some 
cities and villages only seven out of ten claimed the father. Chart 
Ko. 4 and table No. 4 in the text show that, 

1. In the city, village and farm groups there is some correlation 
between the population of the group and the number claiming others 
than the father as guardian. 

2. In all excepting the farm group the percent of boys claiming 
the mother as guardian and the percent claiming others than the 
parents are quite uniform. 

3. In the farm group the percent claiming others than the parents 
is larger than in any other group while the percent claiming the 
mother is smaller. 

4. The percent of farm boys claiming the father is much larger 
than in any other group. 

The following reasons may help to explain the correlation between 
population and the number claiming others than the father as 
guardian in the city, village and farm groups : 

1. Orphaned boys and fatherless families have a tendency to drift 
to the larger centers of population in quest of employment. 

2. "Wanderlust" causes some boys to desert the home and seek 
employment in the cities. 

3. During the war the demand for labor in certain cities brought 
in an unusual number of boys, altho there is no real reason why 
these boys should not have named the father as guardian. 

4. In the larger cities the struggle to meet heavy family expenses 
together with the allurements of the city and the absence of a restrain- 
ing public opinion of a personal nature, such as is found in a small 
community, may cause fathers to desert their families. 

5. The opposite conditions would hold on farms and may be given 
as a reason why more fathers are named as guardians in the farm 
group. 

6. The relatively large percent of farm boys naming some one 
other than the parents is probably due to the fact that orphanages 
place many boys on farms for adoption. 

7. It is also true that farm life is of such a character that few 



OuB Boys 51 

fatherless families could successfully carry on the work and would 
naturally move off the farm. 

It is significant that more than twice as many fathers as mothers 
were reported as dead. As no more fathers than mothers are actually 
dead, this indicates that many boys were told the father was dead 
as an easy way of accounting for his absence. Many boys also 
stated that they did not know their mother's occupation or her 
whereabouts. Whatever may be the underlying causes of these con- 
ditions, the following facts are outstanding and indicate that many 
of our employed boys lack w^se, systematic counsel and leadership : 

1. One boy out of every five lacks the guidance cf a father. 

2. One boy out of every twenty has neitheT father nor mother. 

Fewer American than foreign fathers are named as guardian 

Chart No. 4 and table No. 4 in the text also show that in Greater 
JN ew York the father is claimed as guardian by 

73.3 percent of American boys with two American bom 

parents. 
80.9 percent of American boys with one or both foreign born 

parents. 
84.7 percent of foreign boys with two foreign born parents. 
Two of several reasons that can be given to explain why condi- 
tions are worse in the case of the American born boys than those of 
foreign birth, are: 

1. The American fathers and boys because of their knowledge of 
our language and general familiarity with routes of travel, oppor- 
tunities for employment, etc., find fewer obstacles in the way of 
leaving the home circle in quest of work. 

2. Foreign families hold a tighter rein over their children, requir- 
ing them to contribute most, if not all, of their earnings toward the 
family support. This lightens the financial burdens of the father 
and when not carried too far this sort of team work also makes for 
familv solidaritv. 



Our Boys 



othon 

10 



J 



SOHHiBr FOB HBT lOaC SXASB 

Setter^ 

30'",,-— 40^;, 50% 60% 70% 



n&ther 

80%, 9 



Greater Hew York.*.. 
Cities orer 25,000.. 
Cities tnider 25,000. 
Tillagea over 5,000. 
Places wider 5,000.. 
Bqplojred fvrm boya.. 



I iboerieaa. 
n lllzedo... 
in I^reign.. 




1 Albavy 

2 Troy •.... 

S JBinghamton...*. 
4 lenrtmri^..*.... 

e lew york 

C £3jd.ra. 

7 JameBtonm..*..! 

8 WatertosEo.*.*! 

9 3ohen*flt&^. ... 

10 l^s«^0ase«..««*> 

11 ABiste?daffi..e... 

12 EiasstosLtfft 

IB ffitohester. 

14 Oswego •• 

1£ Hai^Bt TerooiUx 

16 Saffalo 

17 Utiea 

18 S«v ijDohelle... 
1» renkers.......' 

20 Perngiikeepsle. .. 

21 jmbnn...* 

22 Magara falls.. 

0% io^o 20% 30% 40% 50% bd'.o 70% 80% 90% 100';^ 

X'iBerlcaa born boys with Jtjaerieai bom pareske. 
'Q Ansrieaa bern boys with Ibrei^i bom er sised parents. 
^S fttroign bom boys with foreign bosi farents. 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Boys Naming Father, Mothkk and Others as Guardians 

Chart No. 4. — State Summary and Cities over 25.000 



Our Boys 



53 




1 lorwloh* 

2 OsnBadsigQ*. 

3 Uiddletoviu 

4 QlaoB aallB 

5 7ata7rllet 

6 BO mail 

7 Sf i»r'-''''i'V^ 
i Colioos 
9 port Jerrlfl 

10 Little njila 

11 ik)3oon 

12 Jtensselaer^ 

13 xthaca 

14 i?ulton 

15 CoimstovD. 

16 Hudson 

17 Oneonta, 
13 iiookporfc 

19 GenoTa. 

20 Saratoga Sprlags 

21 OlMlU 

22 White Plains 

23 Glover«Tlllo..., 

24 Ogdensbupg 

25 Uuiilcirk 

26 Aleolianioy?. J le. ... 

27 liaclsawaBaa 

28 Cortland. 

29 CoTOlne 

30 Batcvia 

31 Bomn.tt 

32 unalda 

33 dim Cove 

34 Sosawanda 

35 Plattsburg 

36 iiiorth Touai»anda«* 



Hiatecn, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Boys Xaming Father, Mother and Others as Guardians 

Chart No. 4A.— Cities under 25,000 



54 



Our Boys 



others 

0% 



Dathar I 

80% «»^ 




1 Backvllla Caater 
Z UooslelE Falla.«. 
i Saraiiao ItSiza. 

4 Owego«»«« •••••• 

5 Hudson Kills... 

6 feek^lll 

7 Catailll 
H Walden*... 

10 Uuntiiigton. 

11 Patchogae 

12 Haver St raw. 

13 Whitehall 

14 tiastiuijs.. 

15 Hanpstead. 

16 Johnson City 

17 MortH Tarrytown, 

18 Heitin^r 

19 Waverly 

20 Mevarlc* 
Zl Haraaroneck 

22 Praeport 

23 llion, 

24 Albion 

25 Ossining 

26 fean Yan 

27 lialone 
26 Tarrytown 

29 Uassena 

30 ^dioott 

31 Sensoa f^lls 

32 WellsTille 

33 Vaterford 
S4 Port Chester, 

35 Depew. 

36 Laooaster, 

37 ft-adonla 

38 Medina 

39 Pott Washli^tea*. 

40 Lavrenoe 

41 ^ol'^ «« 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Boys Naming Father, Mother and Others as Guardians 
Chart No. 4B.— Villages over 5,000 



Our Boys 55 

Some cities and villages have very poor records 

Charts 'No. 4-A and 4-B, and tables No. 4-A, 4-B and 4-C in the 
appendix, show the number of bojs claiming the father, mother and 
others as guardians in the individual cities and villages of the State. 
Just why Albany, Troy, Binghamton, Jamestown, Norwich, Rens- 
selaer, Watervliet, Hudson Falls, Catskill, Kockville Center, Hunt- 
ington, Whitehall, Haverstraw and Hempstead should have from 
nine to twenty percent of their boys claiming others than the parents 
as guardians as compared with from five to six percent in other 
places, can be determined only by a study of local conditions. That 
such conditions exist should be a sufficient incentive to prompt local 
organizations interested in community welfare work to seek the facts. 



56 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER V 
Size of Families 

There are many families with four, five and six children 

Each boy was asked to state the number of children in the family 
and the number of children older than himself. Table No. 5 and 
chart ISTo. 5-A give the comparative sizes of families in the city, vil- 
lage and farm groups and show that there are many families of 
four, five and six children. This chart is derived from tables No. 5 
in the text (see also table ilSTo. 5-D in the text) and 5-E, 5-F, 5^G, 5-H 
and 5-1 in the appendix. In Greater New York, the other cities over 
25,000 and in the villages over 5,000' there are slightly more families 
with four children. In the employed farm boy group there are 
exactly as many boys coming from families of three children as there 
are from families of four children. In the cities under 25,000 and 
places under 5,000 there are slightly more families with three chil- 
dren. In general, however, there is not very much difference be- 
tween the sizes of families in the various groups. The figures from 
Greater New York, which has more boys than the other groups com- 
bined, naturally show a more uniform distribution. 

Sixteen^ Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Percent of Boys Coming From Families of From One to Ten 
OR More Children 

TABLE No. 5 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 



Number of Children in Family 



10 + 



Total 
per 
cent 



Greater New York. . 
Cities over 25,000. . . 
Cities under 25,000.. 
Villages over 5,000. . 
Places under 5,000 . . 
Employed farm boys 



12.3 
12.8 
13.1 
12.8 
12.4 
12.3 



16.2 
15.3 
15.9 
14.9 
15.3 
14.8 



17.4 
15.4 
15.5 
16.6 
14.5 
14.8 



16.2 
14.3 
13.4 
13.0 
13.6 
13.2 



12.7 
12.3 
11.5 
12.7 
11.3 
11.0 



9.1 
8.2 
10.0 
9.2 



4.9 
6.4 
6.7 
5.8 
6.9 
6.5 



2.5 
3.9 
3.5 
4.2 
4.2 
5.0 



1 

3.3 

4.6 

4.3 

5.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



Foreign families are larger than American families 

Chart No. 5-B showing the sizes of families of boys with American 
parentage, mixed parentage and foreign parentage, both in Greater 
New York and in other cities over 25,000 was derived from tables 



Our Boys 



5( 



JsTo. 5-J, 5-K and 5-L in the text, and tables No. 5-M, 5-lSr and 5-0 
in the appendix. In the case of the American born boys with 
American born parents in Greater New York and also in the other 
cities over 25,000 the families are smaller than those of the American 
born boys with foreign or mixed parentage and those of foreign born 
boys with foreign born parents. In the case of American boys with 
American parents the median boys come from families of three and 
four children, while in the mixed and foreign parentage groups the 
median boy comes from families of five children. These facts are 
important because of the prevailing opinion that children coming 
from large families usually drop out of school at earlier ages than 
those coming from smaller families. Later on in the report special 
studies of the progress in school and the age on leaving school of 
first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth oldest boys show that these 
opinions are erroneous. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys, 
Showing the Percent of Oldest, Second Oldest, Third Old- 
est, Etc., Boys Coming from Families of from One to Ten 
OR More Children 

TABLE No. 5-D — GREATER NEW YORK 
American and Foreign Combined 



Number of 
Children 
IN Family 


RANK IN FAMILY 


Total 
per- 
cent 


Per- 
cent 
of 
total 


Cum. 

per- 
cent 


Cum. 
per- 
cent 


Total 
boys 


Oldest 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th+ 


One 


100.0 
49.8 
35 7 
28.3 
22.0 
18.8 
15.4 
12.1 
8.3 
3.9 




















100 
100.0 
100 
100 
100.0 
100 
100 
100.0 
100 
100 


7.1 
12.3 
16.2 
17.4 
16.2 
12.7 
8.9 
4.9 
2.5 
1.8 


7.1 
19.4 
35.6 
53.0 
69.2 
81.9 
90.8 
95.7 
98 2 
100.0 


100.0 

92.9 

80,6 

64.4 

47.0 

30.8 

18.1 

9.2 

4.3 

1.8 


1,248 


Two 


50.2 
33.8 
25.3 
21.3 
19.0 
17.0 
16.0 
11.5 
6.0 


















2,168 


Three 


30.5 
23.5 
20.4 
18.0 
15.3 
15.6 
12.6 
10.1 
















2,861 




22.9 
17.3 

14 6 

15 
12.4 
14.0 

7.7 














3,060 


Five 


18 1 
14.7 
13.1 
11.8 
12.4 
15.5 












2,857 


Six 


14 9 
12.1 
11.1 
12.2 
9.3 










2,215 




12.1 
10 
9.0 
9.6 








1,576 


Ei?ht 


11 
10.1 
10.1 






871 




9.9 
7.5 


20.3 


435 


Ten or more. . . . 


336 


Total 


5,678 


4,337 


3,039 


1,953 


1,257 


703 


349 


174 


63 


69 




100.0 






17,627 






■ 





58 



Our Boys 



Sixteen^ Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys, 
Showing the Pekcent of Oldest, Second Oldest, Third Old- 
est, Etc., Boys Coming from Families of from One to Ten 
OR More Children 

TABLE No. 5-J — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys With American Parents 



Number op 
Children 
IN Family 


RANK IN FAMILY 


Total 
per- 
cent 


Per- 
cent 
of 
total 


Cum 
per- 
cent 


Cum. 
per- 
cent 


Total 
boys 


Oldest 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th+ 


One 


100.0 
51.7 
35.4 
27.3 
20.0 
17.9 
13.7 
11.3 
6.3 
1.6 




















100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


12.8 

19.2 

18.3 

16.4 

12.3 

8.9 

5.8 

3.0 

2.0 

1.3 


12.8 
32.0 
50.3 
66.7 
79.0 
87.9 
93.7 
96.7 
98.7 
100.0 


100.0 

87.2 

68.0 

49.7 

33.3 

21.0 

12.1 

6.3 

3.3 

1.3 


614 


Two 


48.3 
35.2 
23.6 
20.7 
17.2 
14.3 
13.4 
8.4 
3.1 


















911 


Three 


29.4 
23.5 
20.5 
17.5 
12.3 
13.4 
11.6 
15.6 
















£69 


Four 


25.6 
19.4 
14.8 
15.1 
16.9 
22.1 
3.1 














784 


Five 


19.4 
16.3 
13.7 
15.5 
10.5 
7.8 












584 


Six 


16.3 
15.8 
9,8 
11.6 
14.0 










424 




15.1 
11.3 
8.4 
10.9 








277 


Eight 


8.4 
7.4 
4.7 






142 


Nine 


13.7 
9.4 


■■29!8 


95 


Ten or more 


64 


Total 


1,861 


1,193 


707 


466 


257 


147 


73 


22 


19 


19 




100.0 






4,764 











Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys, 
Showing the Percent of Oldest, Second Oldest, Third Old- 
est, Etc., Boys Coming from Families of from One to Ten 
OR More Children 

TABLE No. 5-K — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys With Foreign or Mixed Parents 



Number op 
Children 
IN Family 


rank in family 


Total 
per- 
cent 


Per- 
cent 
of 
total 


Cum. 
per- 
cent 


Cum. 
per- 
cent 


Total 


Oldest 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th+ 


boys 


One 


100.0 
47.0 
33.1 
25.8 
20.5 
16.1 
13.4 
11,5 
7.9 
4.6 




















100,0 
100.0 
100.0 
100,0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100,0 
100,0 
100.0 


5.2 
10.5 
16.0 
17.3 
16.7 
13,9 
9,6 
5.8 
2.8 
2.2 


5.2 
15.7 
31.7 
49.0 
65.7 
79.6 
89.2 
95.0 
97.8 
100.0 


100.0 
94.8 
84.3 
68.3 
51.0 
34.3 
20.4 
10.8 
5.0 
2.2 


492 


Two 


53.0 
33.1 
25.8 
20.0 
18.4 
17.5 
14.9 
11.7 
6.9 


















987 


Three 


33.8 
24.6 
21.5 
17.7 
16.1 
17.1 
13.5 
8.7 
















l,48l6 




23.8 
18.9 
15.9 
14.7 
11.6 
13.2 
9.1 














1,612 


Five 


19.1 
15.7 
13.5 
12,0 
13.2 
18,4 












1,570 


Six 


16.2 
12.4 
11.5 
13.2 
6.9 










1,246 




12,4 
10.5 
9.8 
10.1 








904 


Eight 


10.9 
9,3 
9.6 






550 


Nine 


8.2 
7,3 


■■i8',4 


266 


Ten or more 


218 




2,610 


2,258 


1,757 


1,130 


759 


425 


218 


106 


38 


40 




100.0 






9.341 









Our Boys 



59 



Sixteen^ Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys, 
Showing the Percent of Oldest, Second Oldest, Third Old- 
est, Etc., Boys Coming from Families of from One to Ten 
or More Children 

TABLE No. 5-L — GREATER NEW YORK 
Foreign Boys With Foreign Parents 



NnMBKS OF 

Children 
IN Family 


RANK IN PAMILT 


Total 
per- 
cent 


Per- 
cent 
of 
total 


Cum. 
per- 
cent 


Cum. 
per- 
cent 


Total 
boys 


Oldest 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th+ 


One 


100.0 
53.0 
43.7 
35.3 
30.5 
24.8 
21.3 
14.5 
12.1 
3.7 




















100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


4.0 

7.7 

14.0 

18.8 

20.0 

15.5 

11.2 

5.1 

2.1 

1.6 


4.0 
11.7 
25.7 
44.5 
64.5 
80.0 
91.2 
96.3 
98.4 
100.0 


100.0 
96.0 
88.3 
74.3 
55.5 
35.5 
20.0 
8.8 
3.7 
1.6 


142 


Two 


47.0 
33.7 
26.3 
24.9 
22.0 
17.7 
21.2 
14.8 
5.5 


















270 


Three 


22.6 
20.7 
17.7 
18.9 
15.7 
12.8 
10.8 
9.4 
















496 


Four 


17.7 
12.4 
11.5 
15.4 
11 2 
6.8 
7.4 














664 


Five ... 


14.5 
11.4 
11.7 
8.4 
12.1 
13.0 












703 


Six 


11.4 
8.8 

11.2 
9.5 

13.0 










545 




9.4 
7.3 
6.8 
5.5 








395 


Eight 


13.4 
16.3 
18.5 






179 


Nine 

Tenor more 


10.8 
5.5 


18.5 


74 
54 


Total 


1.207 


886 


575 


357 


241 


131 


58 


46 


11 


10 




100.0 






3,522 











Many employed boys come from families of only one child 

Table ISTo. 5-D in the text, shows that 7.1 percent of the oldest 
boys are really boys from families of only one child. In this table 
there are 5,768 oldest employed boys shown as compared with 4,337 
second oldest. By substracting the 1,248 oldest boys coming from 
families of only one child from 5,678, the number of oldest boys is 
reduced to 4,430 which is approximately the same as the number of 
second oldest. A glance at the percentage of oldest, second oldest, 
third oldest, etc., groups coming from families of one, two, three, 
four, etc., children as shown in this table, shows that there is veiy 
little difference between the number of boys of each rank in the 
family in the case of the combined American and foreign parentage 
group of Greater New York. Table Xo. 5-J in the text, which is a 
study of the American born boys with American parents in Greater 
New York, shows that the number of boys of each rank in the family 
is almost identical. The same is true in table Xo. 5-K for American 
born boys with foreign or mixed parentage. Table No. 5-L, however, 
of foreign born boys with foreign born parents, shows that there are 
more older foreign born boys employed than there are younger boys. 
This table at first seems to contradict other studies in the report which 
show that in general the oldest foreign born boys do not leave school 



60 Our Boys 

at an earlier age than their younger brothers. The reason why there 
are more oldest foreign boys employed is probably the continu- 
ous influx of foreigners with large families whose younger chil- 
dreai are not yet old enough to go to work. This continuous' supply 
of oldest foreign boys naturally increases the number who are 
employed. If immigration were stopped and this continuous supply 
of oldest boys cut off for a generation, the same proportion of 
oldest, second oldest, etc., boys would be found to exist among 
employed foreign boys as among American born boys. 

Almost equal number of oldest, second oldest, third oldest, etc., boys 
are employed 

Chart No. 5 gives a comparison of the number of boys of each 
rank in family in the American, mixed and foreign parentage groups 
haying families of from two to eight children inclusive. The chart 
shows that in the case of the American boys with American bom 
parents and the American boys with foreign or mixed parents the per- 
cent of boys of each rank in the family is almost identical. For 
instance, in the case of families of five children there are about 
twenty percent of oldest, second oldest, third oldest, fourth oldest 
and fifth oldest boys in each group. In the case of the foreign born 
boys with foreign born parents, however, there are almost twice as 
many oldest boys employed as fifth oldest as has been pointed out 
in the discussion above and as is shown in table ISTo. Y-D in Chapter 
VII. 

At age fourteen or younger 27.6 percent of oldest boys leave school 
and 28.6 percent of fifth oldest boys leave school; 68.4 percent 
of the oldest and 66.8 percent of the fifth oldest leave school under 
sixteen; 95.3 percent of the oldest and 96.3 percent of the fifth oldest 
leave under seventeen. It is true that 4.6 percent of the oldest leave 
rmder fourteen while only 2.5 per cent of the fifth oldest leave under 
fourteen. This slight difference, however, would not make much 
difference in the total number affected because by the time the boys 
reach the age of sixteen slightly more fifth oldest than oldest boys 
have left school. The best explanation of the fact that there are 
iilmost twice as many oldest foreign born boys employed as fifth 
oldest is the one given above concerning the continuous influx of 
large numbers of foreign families whose oldest boys immediately 
go to work. 



Our Boys 



61 



tVK> \/ /■ 

oMldjpen 



0% \0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 



r^A iWA^df. Hwa 



4^ //////// rvm 




Z\5Bnllie3 of 

three '^ ^ ^ > ^ > ^ 
children 



r^sjailiea of 







m 



s 



21213 



fazcllleS of I lilriaaT 

five 1^ ^ ^ J ^ 
children 






mi:: 



iitamilies of i ninnsr. 
six 
children 



U / / / t^_ / J / 



T^T 






SSSL 



ins: 



y y />! /> y / y I 



Families of I lllriflflt) ana 
seven ZZ 
children 






bCft ■ 'I Vth 




eight ZiZTZ 
children 

0% i0% 20%, 307o 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100^ 

€ZZ3 American born boys with American bom parents 

Fc 



^^ American bom boys with foreign bom or mixed parents 
Foreign bom hoys with foreign bom parents 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Oldest, Second, Third. Foukth Oldest, Etc., Boys Coming from 
Families of from Two to Eight Children 
Chart No. 5. — Greater New York 



62 



Our Boys 




2 345 678 9 10+ 
Vlllagoo OTer 5,000 



23456 7 89 10+ 
^laoes onder 5,000 



2345 67 8910+ 
Bi^loyed fam boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Boys Coming from Families of from One to Ten or More Children 
Chart No. 5A. — State Summary 



Our Boys 



63 



15* 



fl 



10* n -, 



5* --- 



OREATER mv YORK 






h 



W 










Children l23456789 10* 123466789 lOf 

In family 



I 



I 



12346678 



h 



9 10^ 



15* 



10*- 



5* 



CITIES OVER 25,000 



V\- 





Chlldren x234B«T«9 10+ 123466789 10+ 1234647 

in family 

I lAm^yii^pyi bom boys with Amerioan bom parents 
ezz^imerloan 'bom boys with forslgn bom or nilzvd parents 
■^B Foreign bom boya with foreign bom parents 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Yewr Old Employed Boya 

Families of American, Mixed and Foreign Parentage Groups 

Chart No. 5B.— Greater New York and Cities over 25,000 




64 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER VI 
Persistence in School 

Over sixty-five percent remained in school beyond the compulsory 
age limit 

Chart No. 6 and table 'No. 6 in the text show that over sixty-five 
percent of the boys remained in school beyond the compulsory 
school age. This refutes the statement which is commonly made to 
the effect that most of the employed boys in New York State would 
have dropped out of school at an earlier age than they did had it 
not been for the compulsory school law. Enlightened public 
opinion which frames and enforces compulsory school laws also 
provides good schools and creates a sentiment in favor of education 
which is in itself much more effective than the compulsory law. It 
is of course true that many of the thirty-five percent who dropped 
out of school as soon as the law allowed would probably have left 
sooner had we lacked a well-enforced compulsory school law. 



Sixteen^ Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Persistence in School 

TABLE No. 6 — iSUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 







Remained Betond Legal | 








Age 




Left 
illegally 


Left on 
reaching 
legal age 








One 


Two 


Three 






year 


years 


years 


7.0 


28.6 


39.9 


20.5 


4.0 


4.8 


28.9 


37.1 


22.5 


6.7 


8.7 


23.5 


36.0 


24.0 


7.8 


5.0 


23.6 


36.8 


26.9 


7.7 


4.3 


23.8 


38.0 


26.0 


7.9 


3.4 


26.4 


40.0 


25.1 


5.1 



Total 
per- 
cent 



Greater New York. . 
Cities over 25,000... 
Cities under 25,000 . , 
Villages over 5,000 . . 
Places under 5,000. . 
Employed farm boys 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



OuB Boys 



65 



SONQiARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 
Remained beyond Left on reaching ILeft 

legal age L legal age 11 1 legally 

t% 10% 20% 34% 40% S»%,,,..__60% 79% 80%~.«.^% IOO9 



av*kt«r lav Toz«:....] 
Oitias OTar 25,000..] 
Oltles ui^ar 25,000. | 
TlllageB OTer 5,000.1 
Plao^B tmdtr 5,000. . | 
B)q)loy*d Ibtu boys I 



1 Blmixai 

2 Vow BDdhsU*.... 

8 lUont yxaon. . . . 
4 W^tortowu ••...« 

6 Soheusotady 

ft X(Qi)c^n...s« ... . 
T Sroy..... 

9 HlaeSkTa Rille. .< 

10 Bluefiamton. 

11 Alhaay 

12 A'dbmn 

13 Oa»*go .*..< 

14 Pooc^ilEeapsle.... 
is Klogston.. 

16 aiyraausa*. 

17 Boohester. ...... 

18 Utloa....'. 

19 James towo. ...... 

20 Buffalo......... 

21 iasterdam 



Cities over 25,000 



0% 



10% 20% 30% 



40% 



50% 60% 



70% 



31 



100% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Persistence in School 

Chart No. 6 — State Summary and Cities Over 25,000 



Some boys leave school illegally. 

The type of boy who leaves school illegally or as soon as the law 
allows is very likely to be inaccurate when it comes to remembering 
his exact age on the date of leaving school. For this reason it is 
probable that the percentage of boys who reported that they left 
school at ages which were illegal is in some instances too high. In 
some of the individual cities which have a relatively high percent 
of boys who left school illegally it is quite probable that many boys 
of the unskilled foreign labor group were imported after leaving 

3 



66 OuE Boys 

school, into the cities where they lived at the time of the survey, 
from other cities, states and countries. For this reason a very poor 
record for persistence in school is not necessarily chargeahle to the 
school system of the city in which they lived at the time of the 
survey. 

Quite a number of cases were discovered by the inspectors of the 
bureau making this survey, showing that boys slightly under the 
^egal age for leaving school, on moving into a strange city during 
the school year, found it easy to secure employment by stating that 
their age was sixteen. It is difficult to prevent this practice because 
the school authorities do not have the boy's name on their census list 
and many employers either ignorant of the law or indifferent to it 
are perfectly willing to take the boy's statement that he is sixteen. 
The inspectors located many such boys who gave their correct ages 
to avoid military training. On being asked for their employment 
certificates they confessed that they had raised their ages to obtain 
employment without a certificate to which they were not entitled. 
In cities with a large, shifting foreign population it is next to 
impossible for school authorities to stop this practice. As a matter 
of fact these boys are usually very close to the legal age for obtain- 
ing an employment certificate and would gain little by being com- 
pelled to enter a strange school for a few months in the middle of 
the school year. 

About forty percent remain one year beyond the compulsory age 

Table No. 6 also shows that in Greater New York and in the farm 
boy group about forty percent of the boys remain in school from one 
to two years beyond the legal age for leaving. The figures for the 
other city and village groups are two or three percent smaller which 
is, however, more than made up later on by the number of boys who 
remain from two to four years beyond the legal age. Greater New 
York holds slightly fewer boys beyond the legal age than any of the 
other groups. This is probably due to the fact that there are more 
opportunities for employment in Greater New York and that fewer 
boys plan to enter the high school than in the smaller communities. 
From twenty-five to slightly over thirty percent of boys in the various 
groups remain from two to four years beyond the legal age for leav- 
ing school, the record for the smaller communities being slightly 



Our Boys 



6"r 



better than that of New York City. In general, however, there is 
remarkably little difference between the records of the various city 
and village groups in regard to persistence in school. When boys 
reach the ages of fourteen, fifteen and sixteen regardless of where 
they live, the size of the family, nationality, opportunities for employ- 
ment and home conditions they drop out of school in uniformly 
large numbers as is shown in Chapter VII. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Persistence in School 

TABLE No. 6-D — CITIES OVER 25,000 
Parentage Groups 



GROUPS 



Left 
illegally 



Left on 
reaching 
legal age 



Remained 
beyond 
legal age 



Total 
percent 



Total 
boys 



Greater New York 
American born boys with two American 

parents 

American born boys with one American 

parent 

American born boys with two foreign parents 
Foreign born boys with foreign born parents. 

Cities Over 25,000 
American born boys with two American 

parents 

American born boys with one American 

parent 

American born boys with two foreign parents 
Foreign born boys with two foreign parents 



6.0 

6.5 
6.4 
8.1 



4.3 

3.9 
6.0 
7.8 



26.0 

27.0 
31.5 
27.9 



23.9 

29.5 
36.0 
31.2 



68.0 

66.5 
62.1 
64.0 



71.8 

66.6 
69.0 
61.0 



100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



4,757 

1,803 
7,272 
3,522 



6,575 

1,872 
4,096 
1,642 



American born boys with American bom parents have the best records 

On chart 'No. 6 (see table iNo. 6-D in the text) is shown the per- 
cent of boys in each of the various parentage groups from Greater 
New York and the cities over 25,000 who left school illegally, who 
left on reaching legal age and who remained beyond legal age. It 
will be noted that in Greater New York the American born boys 
with American born parents have slightly better records than the 
other groups, while in the other cities over 25,000 the record of 
these boys is much better than that of the boys of the other groups. 
This is probably due to the fact that the unskilled labor group of the 
foreign population in the smaller cities is predominant while the 
foreign population of Greater New York is very cosmopolitan and 
the unskilled labor element is not predominant. 



68 



Our Boys 



CHART 6-D 

PABKHTSCS OBOOPS 



Left 



fietnained 'beyond i Left on rsaohlag i J 

l«eal age [^lagal age [^ Illegally 

e% 10% M% 3«% 40%— 50%,__60% 70% 80%" 90% 100% 

5" 



Greater Sew York. 



Oltles crer 25,000.. 




100% 



0% iO% 20% 36%- 40% 

, 1 American Iwrn boys with two American parents. 

ama American born boys with one American parent. 
^^ American born boys with two foreign parents. 
^^ Foreign bom boys with two foreign parents. 

There is a wide variation in the records of individual cities 

While there is little difference between the city, village and farm 
groups in the records for persistence in school (see charts ISTo. 6, 6-A 
and 6-B in the text ; also tables ISTo. 6, 6-A, 6-B and 6-C in the appen- 
dix), there is quite a wide variation in the records of individual 
cities and villages. In the list of cities over 25,000 population, 
Elmira and Kew Rochelle held over eighty percent of the boys 
beyond the compulsory age while Amsterdam has a record of only 
iifty-two percent. That the difference in these records is not charge- 
able to the percent of foreign population but rather to the type of 
foreign population is evidenced by the fact that in Elmira sixty- 
seven percent of the boys have two American born parents while in 
Amsterdam and New Rochelle the records are 28.8 percent and 
29.4 percent respectively. Elmira has only 4.4 percent of boys with 
both parents foreign born, while Amsterdam and 'New Rochelle have 
17.2 percent and 13.4 percent respectively. The records of Elmira 
and New Rochelle show a wide difference in the percent of popula- 
tion of American and foreign born parents, and yet they both have 
a very high record for persistence in school. Amsterdam and New 
Rochelle have very similar records in regard to the percent of Amer- 
ican and foreign born parents but widely different records in per- 
sistence in school, llew Rochelle being at the head of the list and 
Amsterdam at the foot. It is unfair to draw the conclusion from 



Our Boys 



69 



these figures that the schools of Amsterdam are less efficient than the 
schools of New Rochelle. It should be remembered that the type 
of foreign population rather than the percentage of foreign popula- 
tion is an important factor in progress and persistence in school. 
It is also possible that a very large proportion of the foreign born 
boys in Amsterdam are not the product of their schools but moved 
into the city after leaving school. Later on in the report it will be 
shown that there is also quite a variation in progress and persistence 
in school between ten of the leading nationalities found in cities 
over 25,000 population including Greater New York. This is most 
likely due to the fact that some of our foreign nationality groups 
are made up largely of the unskilled labor element. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys 

Percent of American Born and Foreign Born Boys In School 

AND Out of School 

TABLE No. 6-E — A RANDOM SELECTION OF CITIES 



American Born Boys 


Foreign Born Boys 


In school 


Out of school 


In school 


Out of school 


21.4 


78.6 


17.8 


82.2 


16.0 


84.0 


6.2 


93.8 


24.8 


75.2 


18.5 


81.5 


21.4 


78.6 


11.5 


88.5 


19.8 


80.2 


11.8 


88.2 


25.9 


74.1 


15.1 


84.9 


26.2 


73.8 


4.9 


95.1 


23.6 


76.4 


16.6 


83.4 


16.7 


83.3 


7.0 


93.0 


28.7 


71.3 


17.9 


82.1 


21.5 


78.5 


3.7 


96.3 


32.6 


67.4 


27.3 


72.7 


21.8 


78.2 


12.6 


87.4 


27.3 


72.7 


14.9 


85.1 


23.4 


76.6 


13.2 


86.8 


24.3 


75.7 


23.8 


76.2 


15.7 


84.3 


4.4 


95.6 


21.5 


78.5 


6.9 


93.1 



Albany 

Amsterdam . . 

Auburn 

Bingham ton. . 

Buffalo 

Elmira 

Jamestown . . . 
Kingston .... 
Newburgh . . . 
New Rochelle 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie. 
Rochester. . . . 
Schenectady . 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown. . . 



70 



Our Boys 



flBtnained beyond 
legal age 

3% 10% 20% 30% 



1 CanandalgoA. . . 

2 Ithaca 

3 Olen Cove 

4 Plattstrnxg 

5 ITorvloh 

6 Cortland. 

7 Ulddletown 

e Little Tails...., 
9 Batavia 

10 Olean 

11 Vhite Plains.... 
IB Qlens Falls 

13 Geneva 

14 Coming 

15 Oneonta 

16 Dunkirk. 

17 Saiatoga Springs 

18 Homell 

19 Oneida 

20 Hudson 

21 Watervllet 

22 Laokaminna 

23 aniBselaer 

24 Dome 

25 Salananoa 



.L 



Left on reaohlng 
legal age 

.40% 50% 60%, 70% 



L 



26 North Tonaivanda.J 

27 Ogdensburg 4 

28 Fort Jervis 4 

29 Loclrport 4 

30 aioversville....^ 

31 Heaaiianlovllle....| 

32 Fulton.. I 

33 Beaoon. .1 

34 Johnstown........ I 

35 echoes...... | 

36 Tona«anda........| 



beft 
Illegally 

80% _ 90% 100% 



0% 



10% 



30%, 40% 59% 60%, 70% 



100% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Yea/i- Old Employed Boys 

Persistence in School 

CJiart No. 6A.— Cities under 25,000 



Our Boys 



n 



»7c 



Lned bsTOnd 



40% 507o 



L«ft on raaohlag ILnft i 

AM lll«gall7 

.78% 80% 190%^ 10«%' 



1 tARTtovn. ■ 

I J»akTllld Oratar.H 

5 Xortli Sajrryluwi* • Hi 
4 OmItiIth H 

6 Xmnreooao •H 

6 WaT«rl7>** B 

7 Icwark ■ 

• Badsoa Talis ■ 

9 7r«doiila*«. • H 

10 H&stlag* ■ 

11 Wells-rill* ■ 

It Treaport ■ 

13 Eosipstead* ••.*••• I 

14 Solvay ■ 

15 Valdea. ■ 

16 ^Tack ■ 

17 Senaoa Falls ■ 

18 Feeksklll B 

19 Illon a 

SO Oatsklll ■ 

21 Saraaso Lake ■ 

22 Johnson City M 

2Z llbion ■ 

24 Hsrklfflsr.* ■ 

26 Port Washington.. ■ 

26 Huntington* ••••••fl 

27 Ksaoaroneolc fl 

28 Whitehall f 

29 Fort Chester H 

30 Sndicott .1 

21 Hoosiok Tails.. ..^ 

32 U&lono 41 

33 Depev % 

34 Watorford... % 

35 Fena Tan*..*.....^ 

36 Itedlna 4 

^1 Lancaster......*..! 

38 Uassena. ......... ^ 

39 Patchogue Jg 

40 Baverstnw.......^ 

41 Owego .■ 



0%, 



10% 20% 30% 409 




100% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Persistence in School 

Chart No. 6B.— Villages over 5,000 



72 



Our Boys 



1% !•% 19% 3»% 40% 5»% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1007o 



AXbaxiy. 



Aiibum.. 



Blxt^cmton. 



Buffalo* 



Xlailra. 



^BBMStCnnU a 



Sings toa.. 



Bevbiuno^ i< 



Bew Soobelle...! 



Os'wogo. 



Fon^jtatoepsle. 



Soheneotad;. 



Syraoose* 



JCroy. 



inerican 
Poralgn 



Amerloan 
PO reign 



Merloan 
PDrelga 



/Unerlcan 
^relgn 



^erloan. 
Pojwlgn 



.toorloan 
Foreign 



/mcrloan 
Foreign 



.Werloaa 
Foralga 



.Amsrloan 
Porolgn 



iUosrioan 
loraign 



Afflerican 
Foreign 



Amerloaa 
Foreign 



American 
ft) reign 



Amsrloazi 
Sor»ign 



.Amsrloan 
yorolgn 



^erlo&n 
Foreign 



ijBarloan 



□ Foreign 



American 
ForelKn 



P% 10% 20% 30% 407o 50% 60%^ 70% SO'jS 90% 100%j 

I Out of Sohool I m -Sohool 

Pee Cent op Amebican and Foeeign Bobn Boys in and Out of 

School 
Chart No. 6Q. — ^A Random Selection of Cities 



Our Boys 73 

More American than foreign boys are still in school 

Chart 'No. 6-C and table No. 6'-E in the text, show the percent 
of American born and foreign born boys residing in eighteen of the 
large cities of the State who are in school and out of school. In 
every one of the cities the percent of the American boys who are 
still in school is greater than the percent of foreign boys who are 
still in school. As most of the sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year 
old school boys are in our high schools this shows that the persist- 
ence of American boys in high school attendance is greater than that 
of foreign born boys. This should not, however, be confused with 
the ages at which sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old employed 
boys left school, for in this case we are considering not only the 
employed boys but the entire group of sixteen, seventeen and eigh- 
teen year old boys including both the school boys and the •mployed 
l)oys. 



74 OuK Boys 



CHAPTER VII 
Age Leaving School 

While it is true in general that nationality, home conditions and 
environment have little effect on the ages at which boys leave school, 
it is important to take note of some of the slight differences shown 
between the various groups on tables No. 7 and 7-D in the text, and 
on charts from ITo. 7 to 7-G, inclusive. Table No. 7 gives the per- 
cent of boys dropping out at each age in each of the fifty groups 
shown in this table. This table shows that the majority of the 
employed boys left school at ages fourteen, fifteen and sixteen, and 
that in general thruout the State approximately twenty-five percent 
of the employed boys left at age fourteen, thirty-eight percent at age 
fifteen and twenty-six percent at age sixteen. These fig"ures of course 
vary slightly in different communities and different groups but 
before reaching the seventeenth year over ninety percent of the 
boys in all groups had dropped out of school, most of them having 
dropped out at ages fourteen, fifteen and sixteen. Table No. 7-D 
shows the cumulative percent of boys in each of these groups who 
dropped out before reaching each of the ages. Table No. S-HIH in 
Chapter VIII which shows the age at which the twenty-five percentile 
boy, the median boy and the seventy-five percentile boy in each of 
these groups dropped out of school, gives us a better basis for com- 
paring the groups. 

By the twenty-five percentile boy we mean the twenty-fifth boy 
out of each hundred to drop out of school. By the median boy we 
mean the fiftieth boy out of each hundred to drop out of school and 
by the seventy-five percentile boy we mean the seventy-fifth boy out 
of each hundred to drop out of school. For instance, if we were 
to line up one hundred typical boys from Greater New York in 
the order of the ages at which they dropped out of school beginning 
with the one who dropped out at the youngest age and ending with 
the one who dropped out at the highest age, then count from the 
beginning up to boy twenty-five we would find that he dropped out 
of school at age 14.8 years; counting on up to the fiftieth or median 
boy we would find that he dropped out of school at 15.5 years of 
age. Continuing up to the seventy-fifth boy we would discover that 
he dropped out of school at 16.2 years of age. The middle fifty per- 



Our Boys 75 

cent of the boys, extending from the twenty-five percentile boy to 
the seventy-five percentile boy, dropped out of school between the 
ages 14.8 years and 16.2 years. In other words the first twenty- 
live percent of the boys in Greater New York dropped out of school 
on or before reaching age 14.8 years, the first fifty percent of the 
boys dropped out of school on or before reaching age 15.5 years and 
the first seventy-five percent of the boys dropped out of school on 
or before reaching age 16.2 years. If we follow down the twenty- 
five percentile column thru the various groups of table 'No. 8-HII 
in Chapter VIII, we see that there is a very slight difference in the 
ages of the twenty-five percentile boys. The same is true in the case 
of the median boys and the ages of the seventy-five percentile boys. 
This shows conclusively that the middle fifty percent of the boys, 
between the twenty-five percentile and the seventy-five percentile 
boys, dropped out of school within about one and one-half years 
between the ages 14.8 and 16.2 years. 



76 



Our Boys 



Pekcent of Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Yeae Old 
Employed Boys of Various Groups Leaving School at Each 
Age table No. 7 





—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


Tola] 
percent 




3.8 
.3.0 
6.5 
2.3 
2 2 

iIq 

2.9 
3.9 
3.2 
3.6 

2,9 
3.7 
3.7 
4.1 
2.3 
2.7 

4.6 
3.9 
4.4 
2.6 
2.5 
4.7 

3.4 
3.3 
3.4 
5.0 

2.6 
2.9 
3.4 
3.7 

2.6 
.9 
3.0 
2.5 
4.5 
5.1 
5.8 
3.8 
6.9 
3.8 

3.5 
2.1 
1.0 
3.6 
4.0 
3.2 
4.2 
3.2 
3.0 
1.5 


27.0 
26.1 
18.9 
17.9 
18.2 
19.7 

25.6 
32.3 
25.6 
28.4 

26.2 
25.3 
26.6 
22.1 
27.4 
27.4 

23.0 
26.7 
27.1 
23.6 
26.1 
17.2 

24.8 
26.3 
.30.3 
23.8 

21.6 
27.2 
33.5 
25.0 

28.9 
26.5 
27.4 
32.5 
15.9 
23.5 
32.0 
22.7 
31.1 
24.5 

31.8 
25.4 
21.3 
43.6 
24.1 
30.3 
36.8 
26.8 
31.3 
34.3 


39.3 
35.1 
33.6 
.34.8 
35.3 
37.4 

39.9 
36.8 
39.3 
35.8 

37.5 
38.9 
39.7 
40.1 
41.4 
38.4 

40.8 
39.3 
39.6 
34.6 
38.2 
33.5 

39.0 
39.4 
39.8 
38.7 

34.1 
34.6 
36.0 
37.2 

40.0 
32.1 
30.9 
37.5 
38.7 
39.6 
38.7 
39.0 
31.1 
45.3 

37.5 
34.5 
42.6 
32.1 
40.4 
40.7 
38.6 
40.0 
37.2 
37.3 


25.3 
28.3 
32.2 
35.6 
34.9 
34.6 

26.6 
22.5 
25.6 
26.3 

26.9 
27.2 
25.8 
27.9 
23.4 
24.7 

26.9 
25.9 
25.7 
35.4 
29.5 
35.2 

27.0 
25.7 
22.9 
27.9 

31.6 
27.4 
22.5 
30.0 

26.1 
33.0 
30.9 
21.7 
38.7 
28.8 
20.9 
29.2 
22.4 
18.9 

22.4 
31.7 
30.2 
17.3 
28.4 
23.0 
18.7 
23.9 
25.3 
22.4 


4.2 
6.1 

7.2 
7.7 
8.1 
5.5 

4.5 
4.1 
5.5 
5.7 

5.5 
4.4 
3.8 
5.4 
5.5 
5.5 

4.3 
3.7 
3.0 
3.5 
2.9 
9.4 

5.2 
4.9 
3.4 
4.2 

8.1 
6.6 
3.7 
3.4 

2.2 
4.7 
7.2 
5.8 
2.2 
2.5 
2.6 
4.9 
6.9 
7.5 

4.2 
4.2 
3.9 
3.0 
2.7 
2.6 
1.7 
5.8 
2.7 
1.5 


.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.7 
1.3 

.9 

.5 

4.4 

.8 

.2 

1.0 
.5 
.4 
.4 

.4 
.5 
.2 
.3 

.8 

.6 
.4 
.2 
.4 

2.0 

1.3 

.9 

.7 

.2 

2.8 

.6 

""a 

1.6 

.6 
2.1 
1.0 
.5 
.4 
.2 

'".3 

.5 

3.0 


100 


Cities over 25,000 


100 


Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 


100.0 
100 




100 


Employed farm boys 

Greater New York 


100.0 
100.0 




100 




100.0 




100.0 


American Boys with American 

Parents 
Oldest 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 


4th oldest 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 


Foreign Boys with Foreign 

Parents 
Oldest 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 


4th oldest 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 


Greater New York 
American boys with two American 


100.0 


American boys with one American 


100.0 


American boys with two foreign 


100.0 


Foreign boys with two foreign 


100.0 


Cities Over 25.000 
American boys with two American 


100.0 


American boys with one American 


100.0 


American boys with two foreign 


100.0 


Foreign boys with two foreign 


100.0 


Boys and Parents Foreign 
Born 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100.0 


Polish 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100.0 


American Bots with One 
Foreign Parent 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100.0 


Polish 


100.0 




100.0 




100.0 




100. 




i 



Our Boys 



TIT 



Percent of Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old 

Employed Boys of Various Groups Leaving School Under 

Various Ages 

TABLE No. 7-D 



Under 


Under 


Under 


Under 


15 


16 


17 


18 


30.8 


70.1 


95.4 


99.6 


29.1 


64.2 


92.5 


98.6 


25.4 


59.0 


91.2 


98.4 


20.2 


55.0 


90.6 


98.3 


20.4 


55.7 


90.6 


98.7 


21.6 


59.0 


93.6 


99.1 


28.5 


68.4 


95.0 


99.5 


36.2 


73.0 


95.5 


99.6 


28.8 


68.1 


93.7 


99.2 


32.0 


77.8 


94.1 


99.8 


29.1 


66.6 


93.5 


99.0 


29.0 


67.9 


95.1 


99.5 


30.3 


70.0 


95.8 


99.6 


26.2 


66.3 


94.2 


99.6 


29.7 


71.1 


94.5 




30.1 


68.5 


93.2 


98.7 


27.6 


68,4 


95.3 


99.6 


30.6 


69.9 


95.8 


99.5 


31.5 


71.1 


96.8 


99.8 


26.2 


60.8 


96.2 


99.7 


28.6 


66.8 


96.3 


99.2 


21.9 


55.4 


90.6 




28.2 


67.2 


94.2 


99.4 


29.6 


69.0 


94.7 


99.6 


33.7 


73.5 


96.4 


99.8 


28.8 


67.5 


95.4 


99.6 


24.2 


58.3 


89.9 


98.0 


30.1 


64.7 


92.1 


98.7 


36.9 


72.9 


95.4 


99.1 


28.7 


65.9 


95.9 


99.3 


31.5 


71.5 


97.6 


99.8 


27.4 


59.5 


92.5 


97.2 


30.4 


61.3 


92.2 


99.4 


35.0 


72.5 


94.2 




20.4 


59.1 


97.8 




28.6 


68.2 


97.0 


99.5 


37.8 


76.5 


97.4 




26.5 


65.5 


94.7 


99.6 


38.0 


69.1 


91.5 


98.4 


28.3 


73.6 


92.5 




35.3 


72.8 


95.2 


99.4 


27.5 


62.0 


93.7 


97.9 


22.3 


64.9 


95.1 


99.0 


47.1 


79.2 


96.5 


99.5 


28.1 


68.5 


96.9 


99.6 


33.5 


74.2 


97.2 


99.8 


41.0 


79.6 


98.3 




30.0 


70.0 


93.9 


99.7 


34.3 


71.5 


96.8 


99.5 


35.8 


73.1 


95.5 


97.0 



Under 
19 



Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 

Vill.^gcs over 5,000 

Places under 5,000 

Employed farm boys 

Greater New York 

Father 

No father 

Mother 

No mother 

American Boys with American Parents 

Oldest 

2nd oldest 

3rd oldest 

4th oldest 

5th oldest 

6th oldest 

Foreign Boys with Foreign Parents 

Oldest 

2nd oldest 

3rd oldest 

4th oldest 

5th oldest 

6th oldest 

Greater New York 

American boys with two American parents 

American boys with one American parent 

American boys with two foreign parents 

Foreign boys with two foreign parents 

Cities Over 25,000 

American boys with two American parents 

American boys with one American parent 

American boys with two foreign parents 

Foreign boys with two foreign parents 

Boys and Parents Foreign Born 

Austro-Hungarian 

Canadian 

English 

German 

Irish 

Italian 

Polish 

Russian 

Scandinavian 

Scotch 

American Boys with One Foreign Parent 

Austro-Hungarian 

Canadian 

English 

German 

Irish 

Italian 

Polish 

Russian 

Scandinavian 

Scotch 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



Y8 OiJE Boys 

The first twenty-five boys dropped out a little earlier in Greater New 
York 

The first twenty-five boys in "New York City dropped out of school 
on or before reaching 14.8 years of age. This is also the case in the 
other cities over 25,000. In the cities under 25,000 this age increases 
to fifteen years. In the villages over 5,000, places under 5,000, and 
the farm boy group it increases to 15.1 years. This difference is 
really very slight and it must be borne in mind also that about 
seventy-five percent of the boys of the State live in Greater "New 
York and the other cities over 25,000. The first fifty boys in Greater 
"New York dropped out of school on or before reaching 15.5 years 
of age. This median age increases slightly in the other city and 
village groups. In Greater I^ew York the first seventy-five boys 
dropped out of school on or before reaching 16.2 years of age. In 
the other city and village groups there is a slight increase over this 
age. 

Boys having a father and boys having a mother have slightly better 
records 

In order to determine just what the effect of being fatherless or 
motherless had on the ages at which boys dropped out of school a 
special study was made of all the boys in these groups in 'New York 
City. See table jISTo. 8-HH in Chapter VIII. The first group studied 
was boys having a father (for the age-grade table see 8jDD in the 
appendix), and it was found that the twenty-five percentile boy left 
school at 14.8 years of age, the median boy at 15.5 and the 75 per- 
centile boy at 16.3 years of age. In the group of boys having no 
father (for the age-grade table see 8-EE in the appendix) the twenty- 
five percentile boy left at 14.7 years of age or one-tenth of a year 
younger than the boy having a father, the median boy left at 15.4 
years of age or one-tenth of a year younger than the median boy 
having a father and the seventy-five percentile boy left at 16.1 
years of age or two-tenths of a year younger than the seventy-five 
percentile boy who had a father. In the case of boys having a 
mother (for the age-grade table see 8-FF in the appendix) the 
twenty-five percentile boy left at 14.8 years of age, the median 
boy at 15.5 years of age and the seventy-five percentile boy at 16.3 
years of age. 



Our Boys 79 

In the case of boys having no mother (for the age-grade table see 
8-GG in the appendix) the twenty-five percentile boy left at age 14.3 
years or a half year sooner than the twenty-five percentile boy hav- 
ing a mother. The median boy, however, left at exactly the same 
age, 15.5 years, and the seventy-five percentile boy left at 16.1 years^ 
which is two-tenths of a year sooner than the corresponding boy with 
a mother. In other words there is little difference in the ages of 
leaving school in the case of boys having a father and having no 
father, altho the chances are slightly in favor of the boy having 
a father. In the case of boys having a mother, however, and boys 
having no mother, the main difference is in the case of the first 
twenty-five boys who drop out of school. The twenty-five percentile 
hoy, for instance, drops out a half year sooner if he has no mother 
than he does if he has a mother. 

Oldest boys remain in school just as long as their younger brothers 

In order to determine the effect of rank in the family on the age 
that boys leave school (see tables No. 7-1 and 7-K in appendix), the 
oldest, second oldest, third oldest, fourth oldest, fifth oldest and 
sixth oldest American born boys with American born parents in 
Greater New York were compared with the following results, as 
shown in table No. 8-IIII, Chapter VIII. In the case of the 
American born boys with American born parents regardless 
of rank in family the twenty-five percentile boy left school at 
14.8 years of age, showing very conclusively that for that group, 
rank in family had nothing to do with the ages at which the first 
twenty-five boys left school. The median oldest, fourth oldest and 
sixth oldest boys left school at 15.6 years of age. The median sec- 
ond oldest, third oldest and fifth oldest boys left at 15.5 years of 
age, which shows that rank in family had no influence on the age 
at which the median boys in this group left school. The seventy- 
five percentile oldest, second oldest, fourth oldest and sixth oldest boy 
left school at 16.3 years of age; the third oldest at 16.2 and the fifth 
oldest at 16.1 years showing that the seventy-five percentile oldest 
boy remained in school just as long as the sixth oldest of this group. 
In the case of the foreign born boys with foreign born parents the 
group of sixth oldest boys was comparatively small which accounts 
for some of the deviation between tjieir record and that of the other 



80 Our Boys 

boys. The twenty-five percentile oldest, fourth oldest and fifth old- 
est boys left school at 14.9 years of age; the second and third oldest 
at 14.8 and the sixth oldest at 15.1 years of age. In the case of the 
seventh oldest boy (see table ISTo. l-'N in appendix) the record of the 
twenty-five percentile boy is the same as the record of the oldest boy 
and shows that the twenty-five percentile oldest boy remained in 
school just as long as his younger brothers in this group. The median 
oldest boy left at 15.6 years of age as did the fifth oldest; the second 
oldest and third oldest at 15.5, the fourth oldest at 15.7 and the sixth 
oldest at 15.8 years of age, showing again that rank in the family 
did not affect the age at which the median boy of this group left 
school. The seventy-five percentile oldest boy left at 16.2 years of 
age, as did the second oldest and third oldest; the fifth oldest left 
at 16.3 and the fourth oldest at 16.4 years of age. The sixth oldest 
left at 16.6 years of age and the seventh oldest boy left at approxi- 
mately the same age as the oldest boy, showing conclusively that rank 
in the family in the case of the foreign born boys with foreign born 
parents had little, if any, effect on the age of leaving school. 

American boys with American parents have slightly better records 

The record of the four parentage groups for Glreater 'New York 
and the cities over 25,000 as shown in table ISTo. 8-HH in the text 
and derived from tables 1:^0. 8-L, 8-M, 8-N, 8-0, 8-P, 8-Q, 8-R and 
8-S in the appendix, shows that there is practically no difference in 
the ages at which the twenty-five percentile boys of the several 
parentage groups left school. The American born boys with Ameri- 
can born parents have a record of only one-tenth of a year better than 
the foreign born boys with two foreign born parents. In New York 
City the median American boy with two American born parents 
and the median foreign born boy with two foreign born parents left 
school at 15.6 years of age. In the cities over 25,000 the median 
American boy left at 15.8 years of age, while the median foreign 
born boy with two foreign bom parents left at 15.6 years of age. 
In Greater New York the seventy-five percentile American born 
boy with two American born parents left at 16.3 years of age and 
the median foreign born boy left at 16 years of age. In the other 
cities over 25,000 the seventy-five percentile American boy left at 
16.5 years of age, while the median foreign born boy left at 16.3 
years. In the case of Greater New York and the other cities over 



Our Boys SI 

25,000 the seventy-five percentile American born boy with two Amer- 
ican born parents left at a slightly lower age than the seventy-five 
percentile foreign born boy with two foreign born parents. These 
differences, however, are very slight. 

Some nationalities have better records than others 

Table N^o. 8-IIII in the text shows the ages at which the twenty-five 
percentile, median and seventy-five percentile boys, of the ten lead- 
ing nationalities living in Greater New York and the other cities 
over 25,000, left school when both the boys and the parents were 
foreign born, also when the boys were born in America but had both 
parents born in foreign countries. This table was derived from tables 
'^0. 8-T, 8-IJ, 8-V, 8-W, 8-X, 8-Y, 8-Z, 8-AA, 8-BB and 8-CC in the 
appendix. The twenty-five percentile boys left school at ages varying 
from 14.5 years to 15.1 years. The median boys left school at ages 
varying from 15.1 years to 15.9 years. The seventy-five percentile 
boys left school at ages varying from 15.9 years to 16.5 years. There 
is a slight variation between the records of these nationalities due to 
the fact that some of them are comparatively small gToups. In 
every case where the group contains a large number of boys the 
records are almost identical. 

Prisoners in New York State prisons have very poor records 

On page 222 of the RejDort of the ITew York State Prison Survey 
Committee of 1920, is an age-grade table for the prisoners in the 
State prison of New York. The twenty-five percentile prisoner left 
school at age 14.2 years, the median prisoner at 15.1 years and the 
seventy-five percentile prisoner at 15.5 years of age, showing that in 
general they began to drop out of school at earlier ages and that fewer 
of them persisted after the compulsory age than the boys studied 
in this survey. 

Taken as a whole the records of the various groups in table No. 
8-HIT show that regardless of the size of the community, the home 
environment, rank in the family and nationality the twenty-five per- 
centile employed boy of the State of New York left school at about 
14.8 years of age, the median employed boy at about 15.6 years of 
age and the seventy-five percentile boy at about 16.3 years of age. 
They also show that the middle fifty percent of the boys left school 
between 14.8 and 16.3 years of age. In other words they show that 
seventy-five percent of the boys left school on or before reaching 
16.3 years of age. 



82 



OuK Boys 






t^ S5 



-I ■■■■! 



6? 



Illlll nil I III II II ■■■I 







■ ■I 



o d d o n 

o o o o >» 

o ••op 

® "S 

»► ft 

o n 






0) a 111 60 n t>> 

4> <D e (■ 4) o 

d «-! •rl p4 O iH 

» 4» ♦» rH cs a 

»« "H «H »H r-l S 

O O O > Pi SJ 



I S I g 

i s I s 



tj "ti 'CJ "^ ^ 

rH l-l iH rt f-1 

O O O O O 

•^ "p AH A A 



'tf 'O 'tf "^ Xj 

4* 1-4 rH f-l r-4 rH 

n O O O O O 

3 "S « 5 5 5 

o N to T^ in «o 



Our Boys 



83 



an m H d M 



ri..H„II..H''Pr..M m-MM , 



'ivDPlI DDii rilllHiilil lillivif^^l^^^^^^^ 




84 





OuB Boys 






o ^ 




o 






o 




f-t 






o 




^ 










o 






•■ •"«?. 




00 " 






o 

00 




■^ 






"5^ 




o .. .. 




" 


.. . o 




to 






(O 




00 2 • •• 






o 




-H •^ 






■* 




u 








<D -fe^. 






"^ 




-o o ,- •• 


^ *• 




• ■ O 


w 


C 01 






CM 


o 


C3 








<< 


o - . 


m 

o. 


0) 

a 


. .S^ 




o .. .. 


o 

•• •• (D 


.. ® 

bOO 


o 

• ^00 


C 




60 


eBO 




o 




0) 


PO 




^ o 


^ 


+> 


C "■ 


^ 


2J, a 


o 


c^ 


© 1^ 


. ,P 


o 3 


to 


© Jj 


UOi 


5 


~ cc 




t, o 


a! 




A 




aSjH 


1* u 




s fe 


o .. .. 


&< 

» 




. :^ 


^^ 


c- '*' 


c © 


too 


■V 




—1 


T^ 


© m, 




So .... 


(D ^ 
U, <D 

.. .. o ♦> 

b <e 


u © 

.. O-H. ,. 






=^^ 

^ 


© 

OS 




^^ 


i°l 


o •• ■ 

to 


aJ 
o 


o 


o 


Eight 
s Who 
Chart 




u 


© 




-« &H 


^ ■ ■■ 

to ♦ 


9 

■ ■■ 1 •• 






Sg 




.. .. 


„ , 




to O 


c 








to M 


"'^ .. .. 








3q <i) 


.. .. 


-. 


.^ o 


j.> 




1 fe 


tn ^ B>. Mi 


to O 


_j H ■■ ^ Hi. H 


•K> 


^IIb ■■■■ vltf^^ 


.1 2 


|S|||||| lill |ll|s 


=5 S 


Ivillllll ■III ■■■B 


fc( 


^^■■■■■H ■■■■ ■■■■>^ 


o 


, , . . ■■■■ ■ "^-B ■ o 






H 


•OOOOoj . .t-S »•*« 


fe 


U 


Q 


New York 
ver 25.0 
nder 25, 

oyer 5, 
nder 5,0 

farm bo 

d Parent 

B Am. Pa 
o For. p 
wo For. : 

Parents, 

Am. Par 

For. Pa 

th For. ] 




M 












<UMO}tlO>0>» M *0*^ 

♦>®©eB©o m m "> >, m 


















E e H o ' ^ ^ C 




<^ <j <:. &. e E. 6 5 








<^ «* 


■< fc 





Our Boys 



85 



o 




o 

CO 












o 




^ .. 






o 
S^«f^«) II. 

^5^5 I I I I I I I I I : . • 

♦^rt+jo • 0) m m m m •«>*?2lJ. 

«-i E^ 'Ooooo ' o ° 9. Si S, 

oo 'CQeQCDoQCD .ffieQCOCQtn 

Ql C of c ^ n 

<H^^^ 'd'O'OxJTJ 'O'O^SS 

«alalS «OoOoo oiOOOOO 

'^'^'^ "o n -o si fi s: r) xi -a Si si ^ 

tU P3 CQ CQ 



86 



Cue, Boys 



ra 
c 

O 
O 



o 
c -^ 




II 




i 


M 


1^ 


9 


1 


1 


1 


5 


3 


s 


n 

1 



OuB Boys 87 



CHAPTER VIII 
Last Grades' Completed 

The tables No. 8, 8-A, 8-B, 8-F, 8-G, 8-H, 8-1, 8-J, 8-K and 8-LL 
in the text, give the age-grade data for the various city and village 
groups. It should be borne in mind in studying these tables that 
the ages given were not as of any particular calendar date but were 
the ages of the boys at the time they left school. Tlie grade given 
is not the grade the boy was in at the time he left school but the last 
grade he had completed. For this reason these tables cannot be 
compared readily with the ordinary school age-grade table. The 
ages on the ordinary school age-grade table are given as of some 
particular date as October first, and a boy is considered to be four- 
teen years old if he is more than 13.5 and less than 14.5 years old, 
while in these tables a boy was recorded as fourteen during his entire 
fifteenth year or from his fourteenth birthday up to but not includ- 
ing his fifteenth birthday. 

For purposes of comparison between various groups in this sur- 
vey, however, the figures on these tables are accurate and satisfac- 
tory. In the appendix of the report will be found similar tables 
from 8-L to 8-XX, inclusive, covering forty-four other groups, 
including four American and foreign parentage groups each for 
Greater New York and cities over 25,000 population, twenty Ameri- 
can and foreign born nationality groups, four groups of boys with 
and without fathers and mothers, twelve groups of boys of American 
and foreign birth covering oldest, second oldest, third oldest, etc., 
boys. 

The comparisons between all of these groups including the six 
city and village and farm groups for the last grades completed and 
the average percent of a grade completed each year are given in 
table No. 8-HH in the text. 



^ Our Boys 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Last Grade Completed 

Percent of hoys reporting each grade as the last one completed 

TABLE No. 8 — SUIVIMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 










Grades 








Total 
per- 




4th or 
under 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


1st 
H. S. 


2nd 
H. S. 


3rd 
H. S. 


4th 
H. S. 


cent 


Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 

Places under 5,000 

Employed farm boys 


5.7 
3.4 
4.9 
5.2 
4.2 
3.2 


2.5 
4.0 
5.9 
6.2 
6.4 
7.5 


7.4 
15.2 
17.5 
16.7 
17.6 
18.3 


22,9 
21.8 
21.9 
22.2 
23.9 
29.5 


43.5 
31.4 
26.1 
27.5 
26.9 
29.1 


8.8 
13.0 
13.4 
12.2 
10.9 

6.8 


5.9 
7.2 
6.9 
6.4 
6.2 
3.7 


2.3 

2.7 
2.2 
2.4 
1.9 
1.2 


1.0 
1.3 
1.2 

1.2 
2.0 

.7 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Last Grade Completed 

Percent of hoys who had dropped out of school hy the end of each 

grade 
TABLE No. 8-A— SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 










Grades 










4th or 
under 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


1st 
H. S. 


2nd 
H. S. 


3rd 
H. S 


4th 
H. S. 




5.7 
3.4 
4.9 
5.2 
4.2 
3.2 


8.2 
7.4 
10.8 
11.4 
10.6 
10.7 


15.6 
22.6 
28.3 
28.1 
28.2 
29.0 


38.5 
44.4 
50.2 
50.3 
52.1 
58.5 


82.0 
75.8 
76.3 
77.8 
79.0 
87.6 


90.8 
88.8 
89.7 
90.0 
89.9 
94.4 


96.7 
96.0 
96.6 
96.4 
96.1 
98.1 


99.0 
98.7 
98.8 
98.8 
98.0 
99.3 


100.0 


Cities over 25,000 


100.0 


Cities under 25,000 


100.0 


Villages over 5,000 


100.0 


Places under 5,000 


100.0 




100.0 







Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Last Grade Completed 

Percent of hoys completing each grade 

TABLE No. 8-B — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


Grades 




4th or 
under 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


1st 
H. S. 


2nd 
H. S. 


3rd 
H. S. 


4th 
H. S. 


Greater New York 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


94.3 
96.6 
95.1 
94.8 
95.8 
96.8 


91.8 
92.6 
89.2 
88.6 
89.4 
89.3 


84.4 
77.4 
71.7 
71.9 
71.8 
71.0 


61.5 
55.6 
49.8 
49.7 
47.9 
41.5 


18.0 
24.2 
23.7 
22.2 
21.0 
12.4 


9.2 
11.2 
10.3 
10.0 
10.1 

5.6 


3.3 
4.0 
3.4 
3.6 
3.9 
1.9 


1.0 


Cities over 25,000. 


1.3 


Cities under 25,000 .... 


1.2 


Villages over 5,000 


1.2 


Places under 5,000 


2.0 




.7 







Our Boys 



89 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation hetiueen last grade completed and age leaving school 

TABLE No. 8-F -- GREATER NEW YORK 

American and Foreign combined 



Last Grade 


Ages 


Total 


Percent 

of 

total 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Completed 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


4th or under 

5th 


163 
32 
51 
93 

310 


281 
83 

282 
1,341 
2,217 

426 


267 
126 
463 
1,601 
3,216 
668 
409 


255 
183 
443 
834 
1,540 
331 
501 
268 


10 

11 

24 

58 

164 

75 

102 

118 

159 


1 
1 

1 

i4 

6 

6 

20 

23 


977 

436 

1,264 

3,927 

7,461 

1,506 

1,018 

406 

182 


5.7 
2.5 
7.4 
22.9 
43.5 
8.8 
5.9 
2.3 
1.0 


5.7 
8.2 
15.6 
38.5 
82.0 
90.8 
96.7 
99.0 
100.0 


100.0 
94.3 


tjth 

7th 


91.8 

84.4 


8th 

1st H. S 


61.5 
18.0 


2nd... 




9.2 


3rd 






3.3 


4th 








1.0 














Total 


649 


4,630 


6,750 


4 , 355 


721 


72 


17,177 


100.0 














3.8 
3.8 


27.0 


39.3 


25.3 


4.2 


.4 


100.0 


















30.8 


70.1 


95.4 


99.6 


100.0 






















100.0 


96.2 


69.2 


29.9 


4.6 


.4 





















Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 
Correlation hetween last grade completed and age leaving school 

TABLE No. 8-G — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American and Foreign combined 



Last Grade 


Ages 


Total 


Percent 

of 

total 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Completed 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


4th or under 

5th 

6th 


69 
38 
81 
93 
148 


133 
125 
681 
1,151 
1,355 
332 


126 
211 
860 
1,197 
1,739 
693 
268 


147 
189 
557 
673 
1,158 
691 
532 
145 


18 

14 

28 

52 

148 

152 

200 

144 

128 


5 

3 

2 

4 

24 

22 

39 

51 

59 


498 

580 

2,209 

3,170 

4,572 

1,890 

1,039 

340 

187 


3.4 

4.0 

15.2 

21.8 

31.4 

13.0 

7.2 

2.7 

1.3 


3.4 
7.4 
22.6 
44.4 
75.8 
88.8 
96.0 
98.7 
100.0 


100.0 
96.6 
92.6 


7th 


77.4 


8th 


55.6 


1st H. S... 


24.2 


2nd 




11.2 


3rd 






4.0 


4th 








1.3 














Total 


429 


3,777 


5,094 


4,092 


884 


209 


14,485 


100.0 














3.0 


26.1 


35.1 


28.3 


6.1 


1.4 


100.0 


















3.0 


29.1 


64.2 


92.5 


98.6 


100.0 






















100.0 


97.0 


70.9 


35.8 


7.5 


1.4 





















90 



Ottb Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Ages and Grades 

Correlation between last grade completed and age leaving school 

TABLE No. 8-H — CITIES UNDER 25,000 
American and Foreign combined 



Last Grade 


Ages 


Total 


Percent 

of 

total 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Completed 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


4th or under 

5th . 


131 

33 

96 

117 

113 


67 
84 
304 
439 
390 
128 


96 
142 
503 
648 
704 
289 
129 


102 
168 
386 
403 
615 
396 
263 
78 


1 
10 
19 
33 
113 
131 
94 
67 
67 


3 

2 
1 
2 
18 
24 
29 
21 
21 


400 

439 

1 , 309 

1,642 

1,953 

968 

515 

166 

88 


4.9 

5.9 

17.5 

21.9 

26.1 

13.4 

6.9 

2.2 

1.2 


4.9 
10.8 
28.3 
60.2 
76.3 
89.7 
96.6 
98.8 
100.0 


100.0 
96.1 


6th 


89.2 


7th 


71.7 


8th 


49.8 


1st H. S.. . 


23.7 


2nd 




10.3 


3rd 






3.4 


4th 








1.2 














Total 


490 


1,412 


2,511 


2,411 


535 


121 


7,480 


100.0 














6.6 


18.9 


33.6 


32.2 


7.2 


1.6 


100.0 
















Cumulative percent. 


6.5 


25.4 


59.0 


91.2 


98.4 


100.0 


















Cumulative percent. 


100.0 


93.5 


74.6 


41.0 


8.8 


1.6 



















Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation between last grade completed and age leaving school 

TABLE No. 8-1 — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 

America^t and Foreign combined 



Last Grade 


Ages 


Total 


Percent 

of 

total 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Cumu- 


Completed 


—14 


14 


16 


16 


17 


18 


percent 


4th or under 

5th 


21 
14 
20 
21 
23 


37 

53 

175 

218 

220 

53 


75 
91 
271 
384 
417 
164 
65 


84 
100 
• 227 
272 
417 
226 
141 

31 


8 
2 
13 
39 
66 
60 
58 
46 
33 


i 

2 
4 
16 
13 
9 
9 
18 


226 

261 

708 

938 

1,158 

516 

273 

86 

51 


5.2 

6.2 

16.7 

22.2 

27.6 

12.2 

6.4 

2.4 

1.2 


5.2 
11.4 
28.1 
50.3 
77.8 
90.0 
96.4 
98.8 
100.0 


100.0 
94.8 


6th 


88.6 


7th 


71.9 


8th 


49.7 


IstH. S... . 


22.2 


2nd 




10.0 


3rd 






3.6 


4th 








1.2 














Total 


99 


756 


1,467 


1,498 


324 


72 


4,216 


100.0 












Percent of total .... 


2.3 


17.9 


34.8 


35.6 


7.7 


1.7 


100.0 














Cumulative percent. 


2.3 


20.2 


55.0 


90.6 


98.3 


100.0 


















Cumulative percent. 


100.0 


97.7 


79.8 


45.0 


9.4 


1.7 



















OuB Boys 



91 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 
Correlation between last grade completed and age leaving school 

TABLE No. 8- J — PLACES UNDER 5,000 
American and Foreign combined 



Last Grade 






Ages 






Total 


Percent 

of 

total 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Completed 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


4th or under 

5th 


&3 
31 
52 
55 
60 


93 
125 
490 
649 
650 
142 


152 

289 
822 
1,153 
1,204 
397 
181 


174 
298 
678 
870 
1,091 
547 
346 
107 


15 

13 

30 

96 

166 

168 

175 

85 

206 


5 

9 

14 
29 
25 
30 
37 


502 

756 

2,072 

2,832 

3,185 

1,283 

727 

222 

243 


4.2 

6.4 

17.6 

23.9 

26.9 

10.9 

6.2 

1.9 

2.0 


4.2 
10.6 
28.2 
52.1 
79.0 
89.9 
96.1 
9'8.0 
100.0 


100.0 
95.8 


6th 


89.4 


7th 


71.8 


8th 


47.9 


1st H. S 


21.0 


2nd. . 




10.1 


3rd 






3.9 


4th 








2.0 














Total 


261 


2,149 


4,198 


4,111 


954 


149 


11,822 


100.0 














2.2 


18.2 


35.3 


34.9 


8.1 


1.3 


100.0 
















Cumulative percent. 


2.2 


20.4 


55.7 


90.6 


98.7 


100.0 




















100.0 


97.8 


79.6 


44.3 


9.4 


1.3 





















Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Ages and Grades 

Correlation between last grade completed and age leaving school 

TABLE No. 8-K — EMPLOYED FARM BOYS 
American and Foreign combined 



Last Grade 






Ages 






Total 


Percent 
of 

total 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Cumu- 
lative 
percent 


Completed 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


4th or under 

5th 


44 
46 
46 
68 
57 


70 
163 
589 
985 
893 

28 


152 

371 

1,044 

1,708 

1,567 

288 

123 


172 

465 

847 

1,273 

1,358 

436 

246 

90 


11 

12 

34 

108 

206 

138 

132 

59 

75 


2 

5 
11 
20 
13 
23 
25 
27 


449 

1,059 

2,565 

4,153 

4,101 

953 

524 

174 

102 


3.2 

7.5 

18.3 

29.5 

29.1 

6.8 

3.7 

1.2 

.7 


3.2 
10.7 
29.0 
58.5 
87.6 
94.4 
98.1 
99.3 
100.0 


100.0 
96.8 


6th 


89.3 


7th 


71.0 


8th 


41.5 


Ist H. S 


12.4 


2nd 




5.6 


3rd 






1.9 


4th 








.7 














Total 


261 


2,778 


5,253 


4,887 


775 


126 


14,080 


100.0 














1.9 


19.7 


37.4 


34.6 


5.5 


.9 


100.0 
















Cumulative percent. 


1.9 


21.6 


69.0 


93.6 


99.1 


100.0 


















Cumulative percent. 


100.0 


98.1 


78.4 


41.0 


6.4 


9 





















92 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation between last grade completed and age leaving school 

TABLE No. 8-LL — GREATER NEW YORK 

American and Foreign combined 



Last Grade 








Rank in Family 










Completed 


Old- 
est* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


©th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th + 


Total 


4th or under 

5th... 


5.0 
2.5 
7.1 
22.5 
44.6 
9,2 
5.5 
2.6 
1.0 


5.2 

2.6 

8.0 

23.3 

44.5 

8.0 

5.7 

1.8 

.9 


4.9 

2.8 

7.7 

24.4 

45.5 

7.2 

4.9 

1.8 

.8 


4.5 

2.4 

7.1 

23.2 

45.3 

8.8 

5.7 

2.4 

.6 


4.6 
2.6 
7.8 
22.6 
45.8 
7.7 
5.6 
2.1 
1.2 


5.2 

2.6 

6.3 

26.0 

44.1 

7.6 

5.1 

2.2 

.9 


3.0 

1.5 

10.0 

22.0 

42.5 

10.8 

7.2 

2.7 

.3 


2.9 

1.7 

12.2 

34.3 

33.3 

8.7 

3.5 

2.3 

1.1 


4.5 
6.0 
6.0 
16.4 
47.7 
10.4 
4.5 
4.5 


4.7 

1.5 

7.8 

31.3 

34.5 

12.5 

6.2 

1.5 


772 
408 


6th 


1,200 


7th 


3,699 


8ti... 


7,044 


1«,H. S 

M 

3d 


1,315 
868 
342 


4th..... . 


140 










Total per cent . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


4,229 


4,174 


2,949 


1,887 


1,229 


685 


332 


172 


67 


64 


15,788 



* Boys coming from families of only one child omitted 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 
Showing the Ages and Grades Completed by the Twenty- 
five, Fifty and Seventy-five Percentile Boys; Also the 
Average .Percent of a Grade Completed Each Year by the 
Median Boy^s of the Various Groups. 

TABLE No. 8-HH — STATE SUMMARY AND OTHER GROUPS 



groups 


Ages on Le.wing 
School 


Average 
percent of 

a grade 

completed 

each year 

by the 

median 

boys 


Grades 

Complete 


D 




25 
percent- 
ile 


Median 


75 
percent- 
ile 


25 
percent- 
ile 


Median 


75 

percent 

ile 


Greater New York 


14.8 
14.8 
15.0 
15.1 
15.1 
15.1 

14.8 
14.7 
14.8 
14.3 


15.5 
15.6 
15.7 
15.9 
15.8 
15.8 

15.5 
15.4 
15.5 
15.5 


16.2 
16.4 
16.5 
16.6 
16.6 
16.5 

16.3 
16.1 
16.3 
16.1 


92.2 
90.1 
86.9 
85.1 
84.9 
82.8 

92.2 
92.1 
93.3 
91.1 


7.4 
7.1 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 

7.5 
7.4 
7.7 
7.4 


8.3 
8.2 
8.0 
8.0 
7.9 
7.7 

8.3 
8.2 
8.4 
8.2 


8.8 


Cities over 25,000 


9.0 


Cities under 25,000 . . . 


9.0 


Villages over 5,000 


8.9 


Places under 5,000 


8.9 




8.6 


Greater New York 

Boys having a father 

Boys having no father 

Boys having a mother 

Boys lis^vjn^ no mother ....... 


8.9 
8.8 
8.9 
8.8 



Our Boys 



93 



TABLE No. 8-HH — STATE SUMMARY AND OTHER GROUPS —(Concl'd) 



GROUPS 



American Boys with Ameri- 
can Parents 

(Greater New York) 

Oldest boys 

2d oldest boys 

3d oldest boys 

4th oldest boys 

5th oldest boys 

6th oldest boys 



Foreign Boys with Foreign 

Parents 

(Greater New York) 

Oldest boys 

2d oldest boys 

3d oldest boys 

4th oldest boys 

5th oldest boys 

6th oldest boys 



Greater New York 
(Parentage groups) 

American boys with two Ameri- 
can parents 

American boys with one Ameri- 
can parent 

American boys with two foreign 
parents 

Foreign boys with two foreign 
parents 



Cities over 25,000 
(Parentage groups) 

American boys with two Ameri 
can parents 

American boys with one Ameri- 
can parent 

American boys with two foreign 
parents 

Foreign boys with two foreign 
parents 



Ages on Leaving 
School 



25 

percent- Median 
ile 



Boys and Pabents Foreign 
Born 

Austro-Hungarian 

Canadian 

English 

German 

Irish 

Itahan 

Polish 

Russian 

Scandinavian 

Scotch 



American Boys with Foreign 
Parents 

Austro-Hungarian 

Canadian 

English 

German 

Irish 

Itahan 

Polish 

Russian 

Scandinavian 

Scotch 



14.8 
14.8 
14.8 
14.8 
14.8 
14.8 



14.9 
14.8 
14.8 
14.9 
14.9 
15.1 



14.9 
14.8 
14.7 
14.8 

15.0 
14.8 
14.6 
14.9 



14.8 
14.9 
14.8 
14.7 
15.1 
14.8 
14.6 
14.9 
14.6 
14.9 



14.7 
14.9 
15.1 
14.5 
14.9 
14.7 
14.6 
14.8 
14.7 
14.7 



15.6 
15.5 
15.5 
15.6 
15.5 
15.6 



15.6 
15.5 
15.5 
15.7 
15.6 
15.8 



15.6 
15.8 
15.4 
15.6 

15.8 
15.6 
15.4 
15.6 



15.5 
15.7 
15.6 
15.4 
15.8 
15.5 
15.3 
15.6 
15.4 
15.5 



15.4 
15.7 
15.7 
15.1 
15.9 
15.4 
15.2 
15.5 
15.4 
15.4 



75 
percent- 
ile 



16.3 
16.3 
16.2 
16.3 
16.1 
16.3 



16.2 
16.2 
16.2 
16.4 
16.3 
16.6 



16.3 
16.2 
16.1 
16.0 

16.5 
16.4 
16.1 
16.3 



16.1 
16.5 
16.4 
16.1 
16.4 
16.2 
16.0 
16.3 
16.3 
16.1 



16.1 
16.4 
16.3 
15.9 
16.2 
16.0 
15.9 
16.1 
16.1 
16.1 



Average 
percent of 

a grade 

completed 

each year 

by the 

median 

boys 



92.3 
92.2 
92.2 
91.2 
91.1 
90.1 



89.0 
90.0 
85.5 
87.9 
89.0 
88.2 



91.2 
89.3 
93.2 
87.9 

90.3 
91.2 

88.7 
80.2 



87.8 
89.1 
89.0 
88.7 
89.3 
80.0 
84.1 
91.2 
92.1 
93.3 



94.4 
89.1 
91.3 
95.4 
88.3 
88.7 
87.4 
94.4 
94.4 
94.4 



Grades 
Completed 



25 

IJercent- Median 
ile 



7.6 
7.5 
7.5 
7.5 
7.5 
7.4 



8.4 
8.3 
8.3 
8.3 
8.2 
8.2 



75 
percent- 
ile 



7.2 


8.1 


7.0 


8.1 


7.1 


7.7 


7.1 


8.0 


7.1 


8.1 


7.3 


8.2 


7.5 


8.3 


7.5 


8.3 


7.5 


8.3 


6.9 


8.0 


7.3 


8.4 


7.3 


8.3 


6.9 


7.9 


6.3 


7.3 


7.0 


7.9 


7.0 


8.2 


7.2 


8.1 


6.9 


7.9 


7.2 


8.3 


6.1 


7.2 


6.4 


7.4 


7.4 


8.3 


7.3 


8.2 


7.7 


8.4 


7.5 


8.4 


7.1 


8.2 


7.4 


8.4 


7.3 


8.2 


7.5 


8.3 


7.1 


7.9 


6.7 


7.6 


7.8 


8.5 


7.7 


8.4 


7.8 


8.4 



9.0 
8.9 



8.9 
8.9 

8.8 
8.7 

9.3 
9.2 
8.7 
8.5 



8.6 
9.3 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.1 
8.3 
8.9 
8.7 
9.3 



8.9 
8.8 
9.1 
8.8 
8.8 
8.5 
8.5 
9.2 
8.9 
8.9 



Grades Completed by Inm.vtes of Prisons of New York State 



* Prisoners of all ages . 



15.5 



73.2 



4.3 



* Page 222, Report of Prison Survey Committee, New York State, 1920. 



94 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen a')id Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Showing the Ages and Grades Completed by the Twenty- 
five, Fifty and Seventy-five Percentile Boys; Also the 
Average Percent of a Grade Completed Each Year by the 
Median Boys of the Various Counties of the State. 
TABLE No. 8-HHH— EMPLOYED FARM BOYS 



counties 


Ages on Leav 
School 


INQ 


Average 
percent of 

a grade 

completed 

each year 

by the 

median 

boys 


Grades 
Completed 




25 

percent- 
ile 


Median 


75 
percent- 
ile 


25 

percent- 
ile 


Median 


75 

percent- 
ile 


Albany 


14.9 
15.1 


15,6 
15.9 

"l5!9 
15.7 

15.6 
15.7 
15.8 
16.1 
15.7 

15.7 
15.7 
16.1 
15.7 
15.3 

16.0 
15.6 
15.6 
15.7 
15.8 

16.0 
15.7 
15.9 

"15.5 

15.7 
15.7 

"15.4 
15.6 

15.7 
15.7 
15.7 
15.5 
15.8 

15.7 
15.8 
15.7 
15.9 
15.8 

15.3 
15.6 

"i5.6 
15.8 


16.3 
15.9 

■ 16.5 
16.4 

16.4 
16.4 
16.5 
16.7 
16.4 

16.4 
16.4 
16.6 
16.4 
15.9 

16.6 
16.3 
16.3 
16.5 
16.5 

16.5 
16.4 
16.5 

"16.2 

16.5 
16.5 

"ie'.i 

16.4 

16.4 
16.4 
16.4 
16.3 
16.5 

16.4 
16.5 
16.4 
16.6 
16.4 

15.8 
16.2 

16.2 
16.5 


82.4 
85.1 

""■86.9 
87.0 

89.0 
85.9 
84.9 
82.3 
77.1 

79.3 
85.9 
80.2 
83.7 
88.6 

80.0 
80.2 
78.0 
88.0 
81.7 

82.0 
85.9 
84.0 

""83.3 

87.0 
87.0 

""ss'.s 

85.7 

82.6 
83.7 
84.8 
91.1 
83.9 

82.6 
86.0 
85.9 
86.2 
86.0 

92.0 
81.3 

'80^2 
84.9 


6.5 
7.2 

"6.9 
7.1 

7.3 
7.0 
7.1 
7.0 
6.2 

6.4 
7.1 
6.9 
6.6 
7.1 

6.7 
6.3 
6.2 
7.2 
6.9 

7.2 
7.1 
7.0 

"6.8 

7.3 
7.1 

"i'.i 

6.9 

6.6 
6.9 
7.0 
7.3 
7.1 

6.7 
7.2 
6.8 
7.2 
6.9 

7.1 
6.6 

' 6.5 

7.7 


7.5 
8.0 

"7;6 
8.0 

8.1 
7.9 
7.9 
7.9 
7.1 

7.3 
7.9 

7.7 
7.7 
7.8 

7.6 
7.3 
7.1 
8.1 
7.6 

7.8 
7.9 
7.9 

"'7!5 

8.0 
8.0 

"7.9 
7.8 

7.6 
7.7 
7.8 
8.2 
7.8 

7.6 
8.0 
7.9 
8.1 
8.0 

8.1 
7.4 

"7.3 
7.9 


8 4 




8 7 






Broome .... 


15.3 
14.3 

14.8 
15.1 
14.2 
15.3 
15.1 

15.0 
15.1 
15.3 
14.9 
14.6 

15.4 
14.9 
14 7 


8 4 




8 7 


Cayuga 


8 8 




8 7 




8 6 




8 7 


Clinton 


8 9 


Columbia 


8.2 




8 6 




8 6 


Dutchess 


8 6 


Erie 


8 6 


Essex 


8 5 


Franklin 


8 


Fulton 


8 9 




15.1 
15.2 

15.1 
15.1 
15.2 

"ii'.i 

15.1 
15.1 

" ii'.s 

15.1 

15.1 
15.0 
15.1 
14.8 
15.2 

15.1 
15.1 
15.1 
15.3 
15.2 

14.6 
15.0 

"is. 3 

15.2 


8 8 


Greene 


8 3 


Hamilton 


8 5 


Herkimer 


8 6 




8 7 


Kings 






8 3 


Livingston ... 


8 7 


Madison 


8 7 


Manhattan 

Monroe 


8 6 


Montgomery 


8 6 


Nassau 


8 5 




8 6 


Oneida 


8 5 




8 8 




8 7 


Orange 


8 6 


Orleans 


8 9 


Oswego 


8 7 




8 8 


Putnam 


8 6 


Queens 


8 7 


Rensselaer 


8 2 


Richmond 




Rockland 


8 4 


St. Lawrence 


8.6 



Our Boys 



95 



TABLE No. 8-HHH — EMPLOYED FARM BOYS — (Concluded) 



COUNTIES 


Ages on Leaving 
School 


Average 
percent of 

a grade 
completed 
each year 

by the 

median 
boys 


Grades 
Completed 




25 
percent- 
ile 


Median 


75 ,. 
percent- 
ile 


25 
percent- 
ile 


Median 


25 
percent- 
ile 




15.1 
15.2 
15.3 
15.1 
15.2 

15.1 
15.3 
15.3 
15.2 
15.3 

15.1 
15.1 
15.2 
14.9 
15.2 

14.9 
15.0 

15.1 


15.8 
15.9 
16.0 
15.7 
15.8 

15.7 
15.9 
16.0 
15.8 
16.1 

15.8 
15.8 
15.8 
15.6 
15.8 

15.6 
15.6 

15.8 


16.5 
16.5 
16.6 
16.4 
16.5 

16.4 
16.6 
16.7 
16.5 
16.6 

16.5 
16.4 
16.5 
16.3 
16.4 

16.3 
16.3 

16.5 


82.8 
83.0 
79.0 
88.0 
82.8 

84.8 
79.8 
82.1 

82.8 
84.4 

79.6 
79.6 
82.8 
84.6 
80.6 

87.9 
90.1 

82.8 


7.0 
7.2 
6.7 
7.3 
7.0 

7.1 
6.5 
7.0 
7,0 
7.3 

6.5 
6.7 
6.9 
6.9 
6.5 

7.2 
7.4 

6.8 


7.7 
7.8 
7.5 
8.1 

7.7 

7.8 
7.5 
7.8 
7.7 
8.1 

7.4 

7.4 
7.7 
7.7 
7.5 

8.0 
8.2 

7.7 


8.6 




8.6 




8.4 




8.7 




8.6 




8.5 


Suffolk 


8.6 




8.5 


Tioga 


8.6 




8.9 


Ulster 


8.2 




8.1 




8.7 




8.5 




8.5 




8.7 


Yates 


8.9 


New York State 


8.6 







Twenty-five percent of the boys left school on or before completing 
7.4 grades 

A comparison of the twenty-five percentile figures for each of the 
fifty groups shown on table 8-HH shows some slight variations 
between the various groups. For instance in Greater |Kew York the 
first twenty-five percent of the boys dropped out of school on or before 
the completion of 7.4 grades or less while in the smaller cities and 
on the farais the first twenty-five boys dropped out on the comple- 
tion of 6.8 grades or less. 

The first twenty-five boys in the groups having a father and boys 
having a mother remain in school slightly longer than boys having 
no father and boys having no mother. The comparison between the 
oldest, second oldest, third oldest, etc., boys having American parents 
shows that the first twenty-five oldest boys completed 7.6 grades or 
less as compared with 7.4 grades or less in the case of the sixth 
oldest boys. This difference is very slight but shows conclusively 
that the opinion which is quite prevalent that oldest boys do not 
complete so many grades in school as their younger brothers is 
incorrect. As a matter of fact oldest boys are usually less handi- 
capped in their schooling than are their younger brothers because 



S6 Our Boys 

tlie family has not yet become burdened with sickness and heavy 
expenses as is often the case by the time the younger boys reach 
the upper grades of the elementary school. 

In the case of the foreign born boys and parents the first twenty- 
iive oldest boys completed 7.2 grades or less while the first twenty- 
live fifth oldest boys completed Y.l grades or less. The first twenty- 
five sixth oldest boys completed 7.3 grades or less. The number of 
sixth oldest boys, however, in this comparison is very small which 
accounts for the slight deviation in the records of the younger boys. 
The record of the seventh oldest boys is not included in this table 
but is as a matter of fact the same as that of the oldest boys, show- 
ing that as in the case of the foreign born boys with foreign born 
parents, rank in the family had no influence on the number of grades 
completed by boys. 

The twenty-five percentile American born boys excelled the twenty-five 
percentile foreign born boys 

As is to be expected American born boys familiar with our lan- 
gTiage, customs and school regulations excelled slightly the records 
of foreign born boys with foreign bom parents in Greater New York. 
The first twenty-five American born boys with American born parents 
completed 7.5 grades or less while the first twenty-five foreign born 
boys with two foreign born parents completed 6.9 grades or less. 
In cities over 25,000 not including Greater New York, the first 
twenty-five American born boys with American parents completed 
7.3 grades or less, while the first twenty-five foreign born boys with 
foreign born parents completed only 6.3 grades or less. American 
children, whose parents move to new localities frequently, are handi- 
capped in like manner by change of environment, courses of study, 
books, etc., and make slower progress in school. 

The twenty-five percentile foreign boys in Greater New York excelled 
the twenty-five percentile foreign boys in other localities 

The first twenty-five foreign boys in Greater New York completed 
6.9 grades or less as compared with 6.3 grades or less in other cities 
of the State over 25,000 population, a difference of .6 grades in 
favor of Greater New York. In the case of the American born boys 
there is only .2 gTades difference between New York City and the 



Our Boys 97 

cither cities over 25,000. The greater difference in the case of the 
foreign boys is exphiined by the fact that Greater jSTew York has a 
veiy cosmopolitan popnbition inchiding many highly trained, skilled 
workers who are interested in edncation, while in the smaller cities 
ihe unskilled labor element is iisnally predominant in the foreign 
population. 

Some nationalities excel others 

The comparison between the ten leading nationalities found in 
Greater IvTew York and the other cities over 25,000 shows that where 
the boys are born in America and both parents in foreigTi countries 
iheir record excels that of the foreign born boys with foreign born 
parents. A comparison of the ten nationalities w^here the boys were 
]}orn in America and the parents in foreign countries shows that the 
first twenty-five Scotch boys completed 7.8 grades or less while the 
tirst twenty-five Polish boys completed only 6.7 grades or less. 
Where both boys and parents were foreign bom the first twenty-five 
Scotch boys completed 7.7 grades or less while the first twenty-five 
Italian boys completed only G.l gi-ades or less. Tlie number of 
Scotch boys studied is relatively small as compared with the num- 
ber of Italian boys. 

Fifty percent of all boys left school on or before completing 8.3 grades 

In Greater New York the first fifty percent of the boys dropped 
out of school on or before completing 8.3 grades or less as compared 
with only 7.7 gi-adcs or less completed by the first fifty jier- 
■ ont of the farm boys. The records of the other city and village 
jrroups vary slightly from these two extreme figures. Since the vast 
rtiajority of the boys of the State live in places over 5,000 popula- 
tion, the records for the median boys of the State are almost identi- 
cal, ranging from 8.3 grades or less in New York to 8 grades or 
less in the villages. The variation between these groups which 
include boys of all nationalities, of all ranks in the family, of every 
environment, coming from every section of the Empire State from 
the smallest rural communities to the largest city in the world is so 
slight as to be negligi1)1e. 
4 



98 OuB Boys 

Median American bom boys excel median foreign born boys 

As in the case of the twenty-five percentile boys the median Amer- 
ican born boys with a record of 8.3 gi'ades or less in Greater "New 
York and 8.4 grades or less in the other cities over 25,000 popula- 
tion, excel the foreign bom boys in Greater New York whose record 
is 8 grades or less, and the foreign born boys in the cities over 25,000 
population whose record is 7.3 grades or less. These differences in 
progress are due largely to strange language, environment and 
customs. 

Median foreign boys in Greater New York excel median foreign boys 
in other localities 

As in the case of the twenty-five percentile boys the median foreign 
boys of Greater New York coming from a very cosmopolitan foreign 
population excel the median foreign boys in the cities over 25,000 
whose foreign populations consist largely of the unskilled labor 
group. The first fifty percent of the foreign boys in Greatei' 
New York completed eight grades or less as compared with only 
7.3 grades or less in the other cities over 25,000. 

The first fifty percent of the American boys excel the first fifty percent 
of the foreign boys 
As is to be expected, the American born boys with American bom 
parents, because of their familiarity with our language and school 
customs, excel slightly the records of the foreign born boys with 
two foreign parents. In many instances the foreign boys are greatly 
handicapped, not only by strange schools and environment, but also 
by lack of knowledge of our language. It should also be borne in 
mind that many of these foreign born boys never attended school 
in America, but quit school before they came to this country. Their 
records, however, as compared with American boys who are not 
handicapped by strange language and environment are remarkably 
good. 

Some foreign nationalities excel American boys 

The first fifty percent of American boys having two foreign 
parents from Scotland, Scandinavia, Russia, England and Austro- 
Hungary, dropped out of school on the completion of over 8.3 



Our Boys 99 

grades or less which equals the record for the American bom boys 
with American born parents in Greater New York. Where both 
the boys and the parents were born in foreign countries the first 
fifty percent of the Scotch completed 8.4 grades or less, while the 
first fifty percent of the Italians completed only 7.2 grades or less. 
The Italian group, however, is the largest foreign group studied, 
while the Scotch group is one of the smallest. 

The first fifty percent of boys having a father and mother have slightly 
better records 

There is less difference in the records of the first fifty percent of 
the boys having fathers and mothers and not having fathers and 
mothers than in the case of the first twenty-five percent of the boys, 
which shows that, if a boy without a father or a mother does not 
drop out as soon as the compulsory law allows, his chances for 
remaining in school are about the same as those of other boys. 
The difference in the records of the median boys having a father 
and having no mother is only .1 of a grade. The boys having a 
mother have a record of .2 of a grade higher than boys having no 
mother. The boys having a mother excel the boys having a father 
by .1 of a grade, while the boys having no father and the boys 
having no mother have exactly the same record, 8.2 grades. 

The rank in family has no influence on grades completed 

The first fifty percent of oldest American boys with American 
parents completed 8.4 grades or less, as compared with 8.2 grades 
or less in the case of the sixth oldest boys, showing that the record 
is again, as in the case of the twenty-five percentile boys, slightly 
in favor of the oldest boys. The first fifty percent of oldest foreign 
boys with foreign parents completed 8.1 grades or less, as compared 
with 8.1 grades or less by the fifth oldest boys and 8.2 grades or 
less by the sixth oldest boys. These records speak for themselves 
and show that the opportunities of the oldest boys are as gTcat, if 
not greater, than those of their younger brothers. 

Seventy-five percent of the boys in smaller cities and villages remain 
slightly longer 
The records of the seventy-five percentile boys of the various city, 
village, nationality and parentage groups show that the first seventy- 



100 Our Boys 

five percent of the boys in the smaller cities and villages remain 
in school slightly longer than in Greater ]^ew York. The farm 
boys, however, complete a slightly smaller number of grades. The 
rank in family and home conditions, as is shown in the groups of boys 
of the various ranks in the family, and boys having fathers and 
mothers and boys having no fathers and no mothers have practically 
no effect on the grades completed by the seventy-five percentile boys. 
There is quite a wide variation in the individual foreign nationality 
groups, as is shown in the nationality group tables. The foreign 
seventy-five percentile boys with Scotch and Canadian parents have 
a record of 9.3 grades or less, as compared with only 8.1 grades 
or less in the case of the Italian boys. Where boys were born in 
America and both parents in foreign countries, the Russian seventy- 
five percentile boys, practically all of whom are Hebrews, have a 
record of 9.2 grades, as compared with 8.5 grades in the case of the 
Polish. As shown on this table there is really very little variation 
between the nationality groups and the boys born in America. 

Inmates of prisons of New York State have very poor records 

At the bottom of table ISTo. 8-HH is shown the record of prisoners 
of all ages in the New York State prisons. This data was derived 
from an age-gi'ade table given on page 222 of the Report of the 
Prison Survey Committee of ISTew York State in 1920. The twenty- 
five percentile prisoner completed only 4.3 grades, as compared with 
about 7.4 gTades for the twenty-five percentile boy in Greater New 
York. The median prisoner completed 6.3 grades, as compared 
with 8.3 grades by the median boy in Greater New York. The 
seventy-five percentile prisoner completed 7.6 grades, as compared 
with 8.8 grades completed by the seventy-five percentile boy in 
Greater New York. 

The middle fifty percent leave between the completion of 7.3 and 8.9 
grades 

As is shown on table No. 8-HH in the text, the middle fifty percent 
of the boys in the various city, village and farm groups leave school 
on completing approximately from 7.3 grades to 8.9 grades. In 
Greater New York the records are from 7.4 to 8.8 grades and cover 
a period of 1.4 grades. In the cities over 25,000 it is from 7.1 
grades to 9 grades, covering a slightly wider period of 1.9 grades. 



Ouii Boys 101 

In the cities under 25,000 the period is from G.8 to 9 grades, or 
2.2 grades. In the remaining places of the State, aside from the 
farm boys, the record is from 6.8 to 8.9 grades, covering a period 
of 2.1 grades. The farm boys' record is from 6.8 grades to 8.6 
grades, covering a period of 1.8 grades. 

I]i table 8-HH is also shown a record of the average rate of prog- 
ress per grade per year. In order to get some definite method of com- 
paring the rate of progress of boys in the various groups it was 
assumed that the median boy entered school at 6.5 years of age. 
Subtracting this median entering age from the median leaving 
age in each of the groups, gave the period of time the median 
boy consumed in completing- the median number of grades. It 
makes little difterence whether or not the boy was actually in 
school during all fhis period. The important fact is that 
this was the time allotted to him for completing the median number 
of grades. If poor attendance kept him out of school this is as 
chargeable to the community as if he had been in school every day 
and had failed of promotion. As a matter of fact the reasons for 
low rate of progress per grade will vary widely in different com- 
munities and in the cases of individual boys. It may be due to 
late entrance, poor attendance or too low a rate of promotion. It is, 
however, important for each community having a low rate of prog- 
ress per grade per year to seek the cause and remedy it. It is quite 
likely that communities with very crowded school conditions tend 
to have a higher rate of promotion than communities where there is 
little crowding. It is also true in large cities that the children live 
near the schoolhouse and are not hampered by distance from school, 
bad weather, poor roads, poorly trained, inexperienced teachers, etc., 
as is the case in rural communities. This naturally makes for better 
attendance which is a large factor in rapid promotion. 

The purpose of this chapter is not to point out the reasons for 
the difference in rates of progress per year, but simply to call 
attention to the fact that there is a wide difference between dift^erent 
communities in the rate of progress per grade per year. The rate 
of progress as figured here is a reliable index which takes into con- 
sideration the whole period of time wdiich the median boy should 
have devoted to his school education. It is altogether likely that 
the median boy enters school at about six years of age, rather than 



102 Our Boys 

6.5, as has been assumed here. If he does enter school at six years 
and leaves at 15.5 years, he has 9.5 year's to devote to his 
schooling. If his rate of progi-ess is rapid, duo to good attend- 
ance, good instruction and a high rate of promotion, he will cover 
more grades than the median boy in a community where these con- 
ditions do not prevail. Since the figures in this report show that 
the median boy in all sections of the State left school at about 15.5 
years of age, it is exceedingly important to see that boys enter school 
at six years of age, attend regularly, have well trained teachers and 
are promoted rapidly, that they may cover as many grades as possible 
during the period of time available for their schooling. 

Greater New York has highest rate of progress 

In Greater J^ew York the median boy left school at 15.5 years 
of age and completed 8.3 grades. Assuming that he entered at 
6.5 years and subtracting this from the 15.5 years, we find that he 
devoted nine years to completing 8.3 grades. Dividing 8.3 by 9 
we get an average rate of progress per grade per year of 92.2 
percent. Using the same method we find that in cities over 25,000 
the rate of progress is 90.1 percent; in cities under 25,000 the rate 
is 86.9 percent; in villages over 5,000 it is 85.1 percent; in places 
under 5,000 it is 84.9 percent, and in the employed farm boy 
group it is only 82.8 percent. It is easy to see that the larger the 
population of the group the more rapid the progress of the boy. 

The more rapid progTCSs in the larger communities is due to 
several factors, among which are the following: The teachers have 
more training and experience, the supervision is better, the children 
live near the school, and their attendance is more regular because 
they are not hampered !>y weather conditions, distance, poor roads, 
etc. Crowded school conditions often combine with the above 
factors in fostering rapid promotion without which the rate of 
progress thru the grades is bound to be too slow. In rural com- 
munities the teachers are usually young, inexperienced and lacking 
in supervision, the attendance of the children is irregular and little 
effort is made to secure a high rate of promotion. 

Whatever may be the reasons the rate of progTess varies from 92.2 
percent in Greater IsTew York to 82.8 percent in the group of farm 
boys who have received their schooling in the rural schools of the 
State. The record of the boys in the farai boy group has been 



Our Boys 103 

divided into counties and shows a variation between counties of 
from 77.1 percent in the case of Clinton county to ninety-two percent 
in Queens county and ninety-one percent in Onondaga county. The 
number of farm boys in Queens county is relatively very small, 
as a large portion of the Queens county population is in Greater 
New York. See table iNo. 8-HHH in the text. 

American boys have highest rate of progress 

In New York city American born boys with two American parents 
have an average rate of progi*ess of 91.2 percent; with one American 
parent 89.3 percent and with two foreign parents 92.3 percent, 
while foreign boys with two foreign parents have a rate of progress 
of only 87.9 percent. The fact that the average rate of progress 
of the Russian and some individual groups is very high when the 
boys are born in America and the parents are foreign born accounts 
for the high general average of the entire group of American boys 
with two foreign parents in Oreater New York. In the cities over 
25,000 the American boys with two foreign parents have a record 
of 9v3.2 percent; with one foreign parent 91.2 percent; with two 
foreign parents 88.7 percent; while the foreign born boys with 
foreign born parents have a record of only 80.2 percent. The 
relatively low records of the boys with foreign parents in cities 
over 25,000, as compared with the records of boys with two foreign 
parents in Greater New York is due to the fact that the foreign 
groups in the smaller cities are predominantly the unskilled labor 
element which is not true in Greater New York. 

The percent of boys reporting each grade as the last one completed, 
for the individual cities and villages of the State, is shown on tables 
No. 8-C, 8-D and 8-E (in the appendix) and on charts No. 8-C, 8-D, 
8-E and 8-F. 



104 



OuE Boys 



m% n% m% 



COlIFL'STUa SIE aZiSS 



CCariMIEO 67H (EL&IB 



■CKFU)t£B ?iai BOTS 

BETomis Bra ic,(ioo 

B^FUlOSS nsSB 6,000 

EZ^otiiu anal zs.oca 
irvuLtttu OTIS s,oo«, 
lamiatL m tobe 



s.ooo 




COHEI^TDTO Zim HUB £.3. 



COlffaiKG 3HD TKiH H.f 



«C 



CO!iPI£TmG 4TH XEAB H.S 



.OIUBS OTBl 
,GBKkT£H SET tOSC 
FLIOES OIHEE 6,000 
affLOTED Fija: BOTS 
0III£3 IHDEH 26,000 
TILUCE3 oris 6,000, 

ssiiiE lar Tos, 

onus OVKS 2B,000 

TUiioss oraa b.ooo, 

PU0£3 DTOES 6,000 
Cima U102£ 2E,000| 
ajFLOTSD FAai SOTS 

CJSIIEB ISO TOBE 
CITIES OTXa 26,000 

cinss nxD££ 2E,ooa 

TILUOIS OTSd 6,000 



TIUOJCS muiJUi 6,000 
;aiPLOTSI> FABl BOTS 

ClflXS OTIS 26,000 
Ci:lS3 OCBE 26,000 
TIIiiCES OTBB 6,000 
PUC£3 UIDES 6,000 



iGBSinS OC TOiSE 
JBFLOT£D na BCTS 



.CITIS3 OTES 26,000 
ICIIIES ISDEa 26 ,000 1 

jucss misB 6,000 

IVLLLiOSS OraE 6,0O0p 

loBxiTss sac TOS I 

^aeiiOTED JPia JOTS 



1ST XHOOL ISFOBS P^C^DIS 5TH SSilUE 




I£FT 3CSD0L BEFOBE ESICHINS 7TR StlUE 




I£PT SCHOOl. BEFOEE BZ^CHmO 2BS TBAB K.3. 



I£FT SCHOOL BEF03Z RJUCHIHO 3RII TKIB H.S. 



;clil:J3 OVia 26,000 
IPLACilS U5I1EH 6,000 
iTILLAOaS OVEB 6,000| 
lOIIIKS UBDiSB 25,000 

: HBZitss rat Toai |dg( 
ZaeuiTEa am tors |BBI 



g 



I«PT aCHOOL B3F0XE KEiCHISO iT.l YSiH H.S. 



_7uc£s cmsa 6,000 ■ 

ICITljiS OTEE £6,000 (| 
rciriKS OBDEIi 25,oao| 
: VliLACtS OTSK 6 ,0008 
ZSHUliS SSW TOS I 



.9IFL0TS3 FAS SOTS fl 



i«» a« M« 4*it - 3*jt M« n% M« f4< mft 
V^PSW rtn«Bt drcppls^ ^t at til* aad •; M«h gm&9 



: whs liad dr9vp«d t 



by Ui« «ad of aoelt grrnd^ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Per Cext CoT^rpLETiNG Each Grade, Per Cent Deofpiivg Oi't, and Total 

Per Cent ^^*IIO Had Dropped Out by the End of Each Grade 

Chart Xo. SC. — Slate Siimmarv 



Orii Boys 



105 



^ 1 t § « ^ 




^stt^^^if 



I i 




^ ^ 



i 

i 



sa 






B^ p :;' 




I 









106 



OoR Boys 




•iMm 

attxa *»* 

7B pUHBtU* *«• 

Of » tan* <tcm- n.tf 



IB.* 



entm 

7.9 
S.3 
(.9 



I4.e 
U>.e 

1«.2 



MM 
14.T 

le.i 



V5.t 
li.i 



*9.»t 



n.af 



•T.H 




Ainerifsn horn terjH 



Ameflcan tKini fceya 
Itb «Je Aiirerifon p»reit. 



itli two {oreijn parent 



Sketeen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Last Grade CoMPt^rrED and Ajge Leaving School 
Chart No. 8E. — Greater New York. Parentage Groups 



On; Bovs 



107 



H^ - citlas OT»r 26,000 

30jt ... 



zei .... 
a* _. 

wi .... 



t* 



JOd qq 



eoi^l»t«d American bom boys 

\>ilh two American paicnt^. 

Ors4e* i^< 

25 p«ro«itll> 7.3 IS.O 

median 8.4 16. S 

75 pcraantll* 9.3 16.6 

Aiarega percent 
of a gT«d» COB- 90.3^ 

pltttd M«li 7wr 



2 3 4 






■« 6 « 7 • 

American born boys 
with one .Anicncjn parent. 



Orads* 
7.3 

a. 3 



i8«« 

14. a 

16.4 



■« 6 6 7 • 1 



OimdH 
6.9 
7.9 
8.7 



UU El M 
2 3 4 



E 



.4B(7«123« 



ISji 
6* 



Foreign bom boys 
iili two foreign par 



i\n. 



U.6 

16.4 
16.1 



91.2^ 



andss te»» 

6.3 14.9 

7.3 16.6 

6.6 lo.S 



35iJ -. 
16'^ 



lOik .. 



0^ D 

>,g» laaT- M 14' 1616 17 It 

Ing tabool 

American bom boyi 
wtih twt Amcricaa parent 



dia 



2S$ 



18!C 
.10^ 



,.— B5t 



I. 



-14 14 16 1617 18 



.14 1415 16 17 18 



American bom boys 
nth two foreign parent 



-U 14 IB 16 17 18 



Foreign bom hoys 
with Iwro foreign pore 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

Chart No. 8F. — Cities over 25,000, Parentage Groups 

Many individual nationalities have very high records 

In the group of American boys with two foreign parents the 
Austro-Hungarians, Germans, Russians, Scandinavians and Scotch 
have a record of over ninety-four percent, excelling the all-American 
record, which is 92.1 percent in Greater New York. In the group 
where the boys and parents are both foreign born, the Scandinavian 
and the Scotch have a record of over ninety-two percent excelling 
the record of the Greater I^ew York all-American group, which is 
91.2 percent. 

Records of boys with fathers and mothers are slightly better 

There is practically no difference between the rate of progress 
in the case of boys having a father and boys having no father. 



108 OuK Boys 

Boys having a mother have a slightly better record than boys having 
no mother. It is interesting to note, however, that the best of these 
four records is that of boys having a mother, which is 93.3 percent, 
as compared with 92.2 percent in the case of boys having a father. 

Oldest boys make most rapid progress 

In the American and foreign gToiips the records for boys of vari- 
ous ranks in the family, show in each instance that the oldest 
boys have made more rapid progress than their younger brothers. 
This shows conclusively that the statement which is commonly made 
by welfare workers that oldest boys, particularly in our foreign 
population, do not receive so much schooling as their younger 
brothers is based on opinion rather than facts. The average welfare 
worker gets his ideas from the fact that he comes in contact with a 
family having a large number of children and sees the older boy 
taken out of school to go to work to help support the family. He 
does not, however, continue his acquaintance with this family long- 
enough to discover that when the younger children arrive at the 
compulsory age limits they too leave school to go to work and very 
often at a slightly younger age than the older children. 

Greater New York holds more boys thru the eighth grade 

Chart ]S[o. 8-C compares the various city, village and farm boy 
groups in regard to the last grades completed, the percent com- 
pleting each grade and the total number who had dropped out by 
the end of each grade. It should be borne in mind that this chart 
shows only the last grades completed and does not take into account 
the fact that some of these boys undoubtedly took some work in 
the next grade above before dropping out of school. On the other 
hand, probably a few boys overstated their cases and reported as 
the last grade completed the one they were in when they stopped 
school. However, these questions were asked by experienced 
teachers who could be relied upon to get a fairly correct answer to 
this question by methods of questioning known to all teachers. For 
comparison between the various groups, however, the facts are per- 
fectly reliable as the percentage of error would be the same in 
all cases. 

The number of boys in each group completing the fifth grade is 
about the same ; this is also true of the sixth grade, altho the larger 
cities have a slightly better record. Greater ISTew York and the 



Ouii Boys 109 

other large cities make a better shpwing' in the seventh grade than 
the other groups. This is also true in the eighth grade, where the 
record of 'New York City is over sixty percent, as compared with 
only fifty percent in the small cities and villages. 

Greater New York does not send so many boys to the high school 

When it comes to completing the first year of the high school, 
however. Greater iSTew York is excelled by all the other city and 
village groups. The employed farm boys' record is the only one 
lower than Greater New York. Graduating from the elementary 
school has been a time honored event in Greater l^ew York and 
has been promoted for many years by the alumni associations of 
these schools. It is only within recent years that ISTew York city 
has had tax supported high schools and graduation from the ele- 
mentary school has long been looked upon as the final goal of public 
school education. The emphasis placed upon graduating exercises 
may have a tendency to hold more boys in school to the end of the 
eighth grade, but it may also tend to make them and their parents 
think their education has been fairly well completed with "gradua- 
tion " from the eighth grade. That eighth grade graduation is. 
considered a final goal is verified by the fact that about thirty 
percent of the boys in Greater New York gave as a reason for leav- 
ing school, " Graduated from the eighth grade." With the excep- 
tion of a few cities where similar exercises are in vogue, a very 
small percent gave this as a reason for leaving school. 

The largest number of boys leave at the end of eighth grade 

This chart also shows that large numbers of boys leave school 
before the end of the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. Greater ISTew 
York does not lose so many before the end of the seventh grade as 
the other city and village groups, but more than makes up the 
difference by the end of the ninth grade where the total number who 
have left school is eighty-two percent as compared with about 75.8 
percent in cities over 25,000 population. 

The farm boys have poorest record 

Naturally the farm boys, because of many handicaps, such as 
distance from school, impassable roads, poorly trained, inexperienced 
teachers, etc., make a poorer showing than the other groups. 



110 



On; ]>(>^s 



Imo^oa 



I^BBaQsQ BisS.Sb doBengiB isssBS 

Iqb 




l^ssKs iSssS 



Orit Bovs 



111 






/ 


^1 


m 


S 


■ 


» 






















hi 


ft 










s^ 


« 


i 


14. 


2 


m 


Z' 


•3 


1 




u 



f r jTrj 


n "^ r 


n ri 












In ^ ^ 


, ~ ^ 




s 


' ■ ' ^ V 


- ■ ' lilt' 


• 




^ ^ ■■ 


s ; " 




«■ ■ 


^ ^ ^ 


^ : ; 






^ s , 









' " 






», . 


' " ^ 


' ^ s 


. . _ . 


$ 


^ V . 


' ^ - 




1? • - 


. . ' " V 










; ; ~ 


-^ 


... . . 

* 


... ^ s ^ 


iUa 11 


1 till 






» fin 

«■" • ■ ■ ■■ 
-* 

V 

« < 

5 ' 


~ V V ^ . , 
^ ' ^ •■ ^ s 






" i ; ; , 

liiHy 


II 1 1 II 



5 I 5 II 



5 • -a 5 * 



? s 5 5 5 



t ¥ 



.2 



« s s 

9 « ^ 



S 5 i ° 

rv <• i6 



112 



Our Boys 



91 














- - 




n' nn 
n -^ ^ 

- N V, 


s 

^■^ s 
^ ^ s 

*■ ■■ s ^ 

^ ^ s 

i V . 






- 


■■- ;:; 


^ ' V 

^ s «, 










' ^\ 


V s ., 











■■ V V 

^ - s 


^ -^ s 
^ ^ s 










^ ■ \ ■ s 












" '^ s 


s.-V ., 










^ ^ s 


^ ^ -, 









a 5 

O ^ 

P ® 

c 

2 ^ 

« < 



C5 oO 






>i 



Kj 



^ o <u 
O H L 



6 2 o 

H 



Jnnji 


1 1 "-1 

1 — t— ■■ ' —1 

1 r- ...J 



5 I- 



Baa 



bOqq 



"§ S ■§ 5 <3 

r-* Tl vH r-f iH 

o g o o o 

rl lo -i^ kO «o 




Our Boys 



118: 




n r| I 





•g J Tj 5 « -S 5 5 

553 ||^555 




o 2 



. Ife It -Si 



SQ 



W 



114 OuK Boys 

There is no correlation between rank in family and grades completed 

■ Cliai-ts No. 8-G and ISTo. 8-H sliow tlie jvercecat of boys of th.© four 
parentage groups from tlie oldest to the sixth oldest boy that com- 
pleted each of the various grades. Chart 'No. 8-G gives the record 
for Greater New York and chart No. 8-H gives the record for the 
other cities over 25,000 population. Eank in the family, as is shown 
l>y these charts, has little if anything to do with the number of 
grades completed. It has commonly been assumed that oldest boys 
<lo not complete so many grades in school as their younger brothers. 
These two charts show conclusively that in each of the four parent- 
age groups there is little, if any, difference in the amount of school- 
ing received by the oldest boys and their younger brothers. 

In the case of the foreign groups there is a marked difference 
between the number of boys who complete the sixth, seventh and 
■eighth grades in Greater New York (see chart ^o. 8-G) and in the 
other cities over 25,000 (see chart No. S-H). The fact that the 
foreign population of Greater New York is very cosmopolitan while 
the foreign population in many of the other cities over 25,000 popu- 
lation has a predominant foreign unskilled-labor element accounts 
for this difference. These same facts have been discussed in othei 
parts of this chapter as well as in Chapter VI. 

Charts No. 8-1 and No. 8-J show the number of boys who had 
<lropped out of school on the completion of each grade and also the 
number of boys dropping out at the end of each gi^ade for Greater 
New York and the other cities of the State over 25,000 population. 



Oui; Boys 115 



CHAPTER IX 
Reasons for Leaving School 

In addition to the answers on the questionnaires filled out by the 
teachers, over 10,000 personal interviews with these boys were held 
by the inspectors of the bureau making this survey. These inter- 
viewers were all technically trained men who have had considerable 
experience in dealing with boys of these ages in schools and shops. 
The interviews were conducted with the permission of the employers 
during working hours. Communities of all sizes, so selected as to 
include all types of industry in the various sections of the State, 
were covered. The evidence collected, both from the questionnaires 
and these interviews, shows clearly as has been previously stated in 
the introduction, that the reasons given by boys for leaving school 
are not " real " reasons but " good " reasons. 

The attitude of society in general toward the boy who leaves school 
is such as to cause him to seek a reason which will in a measure 
relieve him of social disapproval. If he can find one which will not 
only relieve him of disapproval but which will at the same time 
seemingly gain for him the approval of society, so much the better. 
A reason of this type is " graduated from the eighth grade " which 
was given by about thirty percent of the boys in ISTew York City. 
The fact that a boy graduates from the eighth grade is of course no 
reason why he should leave school. It is rather a reason w'hy he 
should think of entering the high school for which he is now fully 
prepared. On the other hand many of the parents of these boys have 
long looked upon graduation from the New York City elementary 
school as the final goal of all educational attainment. This is due to 
the fact that until very recent years ISTew York City did not have 
publicly supported high schools and graduation from the elementary 
school completed public school education in the city. The custom of 
holding elaborate commencement exercises, encouraged by enthusias- 
tic organizations of the alumni of these schools, naturally has a tend- 
ency to continue the impression that graduation from the elemen- 
tary school is quite sufficient. It is one of the reasons why the New 
York City schools hold more boys to the end of the eighth grade and 
send fewer to the high school than the other communities of the 



116 OuE Boys 

State, most of which have had publicly supported high schools for 
a long period of years and do not feature eighth grade graduation. 

The term " graduated " which, with the exception of a few of 
Dur larger cities, was given as a reason for leaving school by a com- 
paratively small percentage of the boys in the other communities^ 
refers to graduation from the high school. Without doubt, the per- 
centage of boys who reported that they had graduated from the 
eighth gTade or from the high school is a little too large as some boys 
who neared the goal probably over-stated their cases. In reading 
chart jSTo. 9 and table 'No. 9 it must be borne in mind that the term 
" graduated " as used in New York City and a few of our larger- 
cities refers in most cases to the eighth grade graduation and not to- 
high school graduation as it does in the other places. 

" Wanted to work " which includes such answers as " To go tO' 
work," " Wanted to learn a trade," " To get money," etc., was given 
as a reason for leaving school by fifty-one percent of the boys in 
Greater New York and by from sixty-two to seventy-two percent of 
the boys in other communities of the State. 

Under the reason " Financial " were included every answer which 
by any stretch of the imagination could be construed as showing 
that the boy had been compelled to leave school to earn money either 
to help support himself or others. It is altogether likely that the- 
percentages under this heading are too high and that many of these 
answers should really have been classified under " Wanted to work." 
Under this heading is included such answers as " Had to w^ork,'^ 
" Had to earn money," " To help support," " To get clothes," " To 
work on the farm," etc. It should be noted that in ISTew York City 
where family expenses are higher than in smaller communities only 
eleven percent of the boys gave financial reasons for leaving school 
as compared with as high as seventeen percent in cities under 25,000. 

" Disliked school," w^hich included " Trouble with the teacher," 
" Didn't like to study," " Tired of school," " Disliked the teacher,'" 
" Disliked arithmetic," " Disliked English," etc., ranges from about 
three percent in ISTew York City to fifteen percent in cities under 
25,000. 

" Sickness " and " Miscellaneous " reasons combined cover about 
four percent of the cases. 

" Wanted to work," " Financial," and " Disliked school " are rela- 
tively small in ISTew York City where " Graduated " is relatively 



Our Boys 



117 



bieh. In the other eommiiiiities of the Stare where '' Graduated " is 
relatively small, '' Wanted to work," " Financial " and " Disliked 
school " are relatively high. '' "Wanted to work " prohably comes 
nearer to the real reason why boys leave school than any of the others 
e-iven. It is also a reason which next to '' Graduation " seems 
*' good " to a boy. He gives this reason with confidence because he 
thiidiis that to have a desire to work is commendable. It also seems 
commendable to " Want to learn a trade " and become self-support- 
ing. The reasons given under the heading " Financial " are often 
real and are of course good reasons in the eyes of society. Sickness 
is also a plausiblG reason, altho given by less than two percent 
of the boys of the State. Tlie general impression gained by those 
who interviewed boys in the shops is that in most cases " Wanted to 
work," " Financial," " Graduated " and " Disliked school " could 
well be classified under the one heading " Wanted to quit school and 
go to work." 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boi/s 

Reasons fob Leaving School 

TABLE No. 9— SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 









Reasons 






Total 
percent 


GROUPS 


Wanted 
to work 


Financial 


Gradu- 
ated 


Disliked 
school 


Miscell- 
aneous 


Sick 


Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 

Places under 5,000 

Employed farm boys .... 


51.0 
64.8 
62.4 
68.8 
72.1 
68.7 


10.8 
13.0 
17.5 
13.4 
10.1 
18.7 


30.8 
8.4 
2.5 
2.8 
4.1 
2.9 


3.3 
10.8 
14.6 
11.6 
10.7 

5.9 


3.2 

1.3 

.7 

1.1 

.5 

.4 


.9 
1.7 
2.3 
2.3 
2.4 
3.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



Charts l\o. 9, 9-A and 9^B (see tables No. 9, in the text and 9-A, 
S-'B and 9-C, in the appendix) giving the records for the individual 
cities and villages show quite a wide variation under the different 
headings, altho in every case " Wanted to work " is the chief 
reason given. Without doubt, in some of the smaller communities 
where a small group of teachers did the work, the answers are not so 
reliable as in the larger communities because the questions of indi- 
vidual teachers would influence the results slightly. For instance, 
in a small community when a boy was asked this question, if he 



118 



OuK Boys 



iiesitatedj an individual teacher might suggest answers, such as 
" Tired of school ? " " Have to go to work ? " when if she had sug- 
gested " Wanted to go to work ? " the boy would have given this 
answer just as quickly. In cases where one or two teachers enrolled 
most of the boys these suggestions would be reflected in the answers. 
These wide variations, however, support the theory that after all 
these are not the " real " reasons why boys leave school. If the 
" real " reasons had been stated in eveiy case each place would have 
a record closely resembling that of the groups in which it is found. 

Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

REASOiq-s FOE Leaving Schooi. 

TABLE No. 9-D — GREATER NEW YORK 



AGE LEAVING 
SCHOOL 






Reasons 






Total 
percent 


Wanted 
to work 


Finan- 
cial 


Gradu- 
ated 


Disliked 
school 


Miscell- 
aneous 


Sick 




42.1 
33.3 
29.6 


2.6 

7.4 

18.5 


42.1 
50.0 
18.5 


7.9 

7.4 

18.5 


"ii!i 


5.3 
1.9 
3.8 


100.0 


14 tMixed 


100. 


JForeign 


100.0 






Total 


35.3 


8.4 


40.4 


10.1 


2.5 


3.3 


100 








51.6 
50.5 
54.7 


5.8 
9.1 
11.9 


37.8 
34.8 
23.7 


3.5 

4.7 
7.5 


'"".3 


1.3 

.6 

2.2 


100 


14 Mixed 


100 




100.0 






Total. 


51.5 


8.4 


34.2 


4.8 




1.1 


100 








58.7 
55.0 
47.0 


4.4 

6.9 

17.0 


31.8 
33.1 
29.0 


3.5 
4.6 
4.0 


.2 

.1 

1.5 


1.4 
1.3 
1.5 


100 




100 




100 






Total 


54.8 


7.7 


32.3 


4.2 


.3 


.7 


100 








59.6 
55.0 
59.2 


7.9 
9.0 
14.9 


26.7 
26.0 
21.4 


4.7 
8.4 
4.5 


.3 


.8 
1.6 


100 


16 Mixed 


100.0 




100.0 






Total 


57.1 


9.7 


25.4 


6.5 


.1 


1.2 


100 






American 


53.3 

43.7 
41.9 


5.9 

9.3 

11.3 


35.6 
38.2 
33.8 


4.5 
6.1 
8.2 


"i'.Q 


.7 
2.7 
3.2 


100 


17 Mixed 


100 




100.0 






Total 


46.9 


8.4 


36.6 


5.8 


.2 


2.1 


100.0 








36.7 
38.3 
50.0 


3.3 

11.7 

7.1 


50.0 
44.2 
21.4 


10.0 
' '14^4 




"sis 

7.1 


100 


18 Mixed 


100 




100 






Total 


39.8 


7.7 


42.3 


6.4 




3.8 


100.0 








55.7 
51.9 
51.4 


5.9 

8.4 

14.5 


32.9 
32.4 
25.4 


4.4 
5.8 
6.1 


1.1 


1.1 
1.5 
1.5 


100 


Total . Mixed 


100 


Foreign 


100.0 






Grand total 


53.2 


8.6 


31.3 


5.4 


.3 


1.2 


100 







* American born boys with American born parents. 

J American born boys with foreign born or mixed parents. 
Foreign born boys with foreign born parents. 



Our Boys IID 

Chart jSTo. 9-C and table Xo. 9-D, in the text, show the reasons 
given by the boys of the American, mixed and foreign groups in 
Greater New York who left school at each of the various ages. This 
chart shows that fewer boys who left under fourteen, illegally, leave 
because they " wanted to go to work," The figiires of this " under 
14-group " are not quite so trustworthy as the other groups because 
of the small number of lx)ys involved. The majority of the boys 
who left at fourteen, fifteen and sixteen " Wanted to go to work," 
the percent in each case being between fifty and sixty. The number 
of American born boys who " Graduated from the eighth grade " is 
slightly larger than foreign born boys with foreign born parents. 
In this latter group, however, the percentage who " Had to go to 
work " is larger. In the seventeen and eighteen year old groups 
the number who " Graduated " is larger and the number who 
" Wanted to go to work " and " Had to go to work " is correspond- 
ingly smaller. Since about ninety percent of the boys leave school 
at ages fourteen, fifteen and sixteen and the majority of these boys 
gave " Wanted to work " and " Graduated " as their reasons for 
leaving school, it is safe to conclude that the " real " reason why 
boys leave school is a combined sociological and biological one, best 
expressed probably by the boys as " Wanted to go to work." 



OuE Boys 




Our Boys 



121 




«Hl«Rafl«fliiiiaBfl 



■BHaa« 



Irlmiiiiiii 

.Bal-H.HllllBBaB ■•■ ■■■■■ifll 




^ a ^ a e M X 
f- o 3 • -2 -^ -< 

5 § a 5 E « 



I a| 5 2 



» n 

rt CM 



« o o O 
o o o o 






■-tf-ir-it4r4r4F-ir-if-ii-4NN(M NN «3ncm MMtonnnioni^ 



122 



OuK Boys- 



gs 



M S 3 t; 



i'iilBllliJlJl.l.iil 



I. 



IIh. ■!■ .....li.l.ll.iiiall. 



III. ■! iii 



ILiJI ill. ll Jl Jll 



8^ 



•ij : fi s s 



A 



S" I 



'® 2 



.5" 

g m 
^^ 

S ail 



O ff W S jH 

e s »> a a 



rH a 9 n 

31 ll S£ i If Is ilSll la I a lis III ills 1 1 llsi««l2S 



Our Boys 



123 



«&at0d to nork jlaaaelal 



Under • Anienc*n< 

14 **i(lzed.... 

••• *op«lgiu. 

* American.. 

14 »• Mixed 

••• foreign... 




15 



* Aserloan.* 

>• Jllxed 

» fonign... 



* Aaerloan*« 

16 ••Mixed 

••• VDreign..< 

* jbDorican.. 

17 ••Mixed...., 
•"• Foreign... 



10 



* American.. 
•* Mixed 

••• foreign... 



ftraAiatedj SiilliMd 

50":^ to'r 7i^L' 80 



Sick and 
JtUMlIaaMBS 




-w,-c 7»ro M% n% li*^ 



• Amerloaabom boys with loari^aa bom parents. 
•• American bom boys with fdreif?! bom or mixed pareatt. 
*•* Foreign bom boys with flBwlga bom parents. 

Sixiccv, Heroitecii and EUjhIccn Year Old Emplo}fed Bojfs 

Reasons for Leavikg School 

Cliart No. DC. — Greater Now York_. Age :jnfl Parentage Groups 



124 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER X 
Kind of School Last Attended 

In studying charts Xo. 10, lO-A and 10-B' and tables I^o. 10 in 
the text, 10-a, 10-b and 10-e in the appendix, it should be remem- 
bered that this question referred to the school last attended and that 
most of a boy's education might have been received in some other 
school than the one last attended. Since, however, most of the boys 
did not get beyond the elementary school it is safe to assume that 
with the exception of Greater ISTew York, the school last attended was 
the type of school attended most of the time. In Greater New York 
many boys answered '' Elementary School " and did not state 
whether public or parochial. These were all listed as being public 
schools altho some of them were without doubt parochial. This 
accounts for the record of parochial schools in I^ew York being pro- 
portionately smaller than in the other large cities of the State. 

The question was asked primarily to find out if possible what 
special interests these boys might have in vocational schools and 
others offering special types of training. The answers received 
show that these interests are very slight and that the majority of 
boys finish their education in the public elementary schools. 

There is little correlation between the kind of school last 
attended and persistence in school. In some cities with a 
large foreign, unskilled labor element we find a large number 
attending parochial schools and a relatively low record for persist- 
ence in school beyond the compulsory age. In other cities, however, 
having a large number who attended parochial schools there is a 
relatively high record for persistence in school beyond the com- 
pulsory age. Cohoes and Glens Falls respectively have such records. 
See Chapter VI on persistence in school. 

Sixteen^ Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

KiXD OF School Last Attended 

TABLE No. 10 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 

Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 

Places under 5,000 

Employed farm boys .... 

t, * Data not accurate. 





School 




Total 


Public 


Parochial 


Private 


Vocational 


percent 


89.3 


6.3* 


2.5 


1.9 


100.0 


84.4 


11.0 


.6 


4.0 


100.0 


87.7 


9.0 


2.1 


1.2 


100.0 


91.4 


5.3 


2.7 


.6 


100.0 


94.5 


3.6 


1.2 


.7 


100.0 


97.1 


1.4 


1.2 


.3 


100. Q 



Our Boys 



125 



Fabllo 



eraatar lew Tork...l 
Cities OTer 25,000. J 
Cltlaa under 25,000 J 
Tlll«eaa o'*' 5,009J 
Flaoea under 6,000. J 
Sqployed faxTD boya. M 



1 Albaii; 

t iDSterdam 

3 AnVum, 

4 Blnghamtoa. . . . 
e Buffalo ' 

6 Blnlra 

7 J&ioa8tom....< 

• Ungaton 

9 Hoast Vernon. . 

10 Vawbnrgh < 

11 lew kohalle. 

12 Ilagsra Alia 

U Oswego 

U Foushkaepsla. 
15 itochaater.... 
it Sohensotady. . 

17 3ir»aase..... 

18 traj B 

19 Dtioa 

20 latertown H 

21 leakers I 

iz ■««i«ik.> ■ 



1 

■ 



eitlM OTsr £5,000 





7C% »% »5i Ut7,»% ur, 



'^•r. i«% »r. 



liixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

IviND OF School Last Attended 

Chart Xo. 10. — State Summary and Cities over 25,000 



126 



OuK Boys 



KklU 

1 HllTi* J 

t i«aocsu«.* 

* 6u«.B&»ieB> 

S 00]%^net>** 

t OcnUaB 

T tottlA. 

• toMen...... 

t »«S*TS..... 

je ftitk Oct* 

U ftl«B> Will 

J£ tlvntFTill* 

IS l*m>U 

14 ]tadMB«« 

U Itteuu 

I£ jaslmctoa... 

IT teetemma....... 

It litUc IMLla..(.. 

U iMlvort... 

to ■•elaaloTlll*.... 

U KlUlaton. 

tz lorUi nnytoan.c 

ts lonloiu 

M OedntlmTg 

££ Olaui.. 

u omiStL^ 

£7 Oneostc**. •..*••. 

£e Il£tt>tnrg 

Z* ton itirU 

II ftna... 

St aulamsBoa. 

St, Sax«nad<i«a.«..> 
Se CBtunrltlct.a.... 

9C tsistt ri»ta».... 




Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Kind of School Last Attended 

Chart >J'o. lOA.— Cities under 25,000 



Our Boys 



12T 



^""f.-. 



other aohooli 



1 M)>10B l^Bli 

t c&tsklU ■■■ 

S Dapm ■■P 

5 fr*4oal« ■■■ 

( fTMport •••HHH 

T WitiiWi IHip 

9 Baq^ttMA •••■MH 

10 UarUner ■■■ 

11 Booalek nil ■■■ 

12 mdaoa Mia ■■■ 

U BotlDEtOB ■■■■ 

14 Illea. H^H 

IB Johaaon City ■■■ 

16 LUMBatar ■■■ 

IT lAwrano* BHH 

1« Malcn* ^^Bi 

19 Ma^roiMck. ||^^| 

20 Kuaanft. ■■■ 

21 Kadlai ■■■ 

22 laaark ■■■ 

23 liorth f8rT:rtowB. .I^^H 

24 artttiL, IHBi 

2fi OaalBlag ^HB 

2( u«*ge ■■■ 

27 ratebogB*. Bmi 

29 Faekaklll ^HB 

29 I'aoa xan. d^Bi 

30 port Obaater ■■■ 

31 lurt WkaMngtoiu.^^Hi 

32 AMimUla Caater.i^^H 

33 Ssraaae U>ks.....mH| 

34 Sfftaoa Klla ^HH 

35 SolTay, Hmg 

34 i&nytm. I^HH 

37 Valtea. ^BH 

38 Tatarford. ■■■ 

39 VaTarl;..........M^Hi 

40 Vai;ivlll*. i^^p 

41 fhltahaU ^^H 



m^m 



7»r. ••% (ar, i«a%«' 




Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
KixD OF School Last Attended 
Chart Xo. lOB — Villages over 5,000 



128 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER XI 
Kind of Shop Work Done in School 

Hore shop work is done in the larger places 

Chart No. 11 and table Xo. 11 in the text, show that the percentage 
of boys who had woodvv'orking, varies from 54 percent in Greater 
ITew York to only 11.2 percent in places nnder 5,000 population 
and that the percent receiving no training at all varies from 39.2 
percent in Greater ]S[ew York to 87.5 percent in places nnder 5,000. 
Miscellaneous shop work, including plumbing, sheet-metal work, 
electrical work, printing, machine-shop work, forging, auto-repairing, 
etc., varies from 6.2 percent in Greater ]^ew York to 1.3 percent in 
places under 5,000. The woodworking refers in most cases to forms 
of elementary manual training. Very few of these employed boys 
had anv trainino,- in State aided vocational schools. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Shop Work Done ia' School 

TABLE Ko. 11 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 



Greater New York. . 
Cities over 25,000... 
Cities under 25,000 . , 
Villages over 5,000. . 
Places under 5,000 . . 
Employed farm boys 



No 


Wood 


:Miscell- 


training 


working 


aneous 


39.2 


54.6 


6.2 


55.6 


38.5 


5.9 


65.7 


32.0 


2.3 


6S.5 


29.4 


2.1 


S7.5 


11.2 


1.3 


.0 


.0 


.0 



Total 
percent 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



There is a wide variation in the amount of training- given 

In the cities over 25,000' population as shown on chart ISo. 11 
(see table Xo. 11-A in appendix) there is a variation in the percent 
of boys who had shojD work of from 76.4 percent in jSTew Eochelle to 
only 2.2 percent in Watertown. Iii cities under 25,000 as shown 
on chart ISTo. 11-A (see table jSTo. 11-B in the appendix), Glen Cove 
heads the list with a record of 87.2 percent and Salamanca is at the 
other end with .8 percent. In the villages over 5,000 as shown on 
chart JSTo. 11-B (see table No. 11-C in the appendix) Port Chester 
leads with 90. 1 percent and about a third of the list compete for the 
record at the other end. 



Our Boys 129 

Some boys were trained in state aided vocational schools 

The cities and villages having well organized State aided trade 
and vocational schools such as Rochester, Buffalo, Elmira, Mt. 
Vernon, Yonkers, l^ew York and several smaller cities and villages, 
show that they have reached from eight to about twenty percent of 
the boys. The above mentioned charts and tables show very con- 
clusively that the majority of the boys however received little or no 
shop training, aside from elementary manual training, altho some 
individual cities and villao'es have most excellent records. 



130 



Our Boys 



af 



B B M 



.00 



ll I I 



I. II 



I 






llll 






I. 



n 









iS 

s 




I" 

o 





• • 



s 

J S o. °. 8 

15 • in w » 
o in N . m 

^'^ », s ». 

«8 I » I 

o a n &p a 

4J 0) -tt CO 9 

8 *>+»"-• 3 

a O U > f4 



g 



2 : 9 S 
fl £ ■& -^ - 

:^ I ^ S S S 4 S 

r^ N » * W 



p, ^1 d 
m <i> ♦» 



o W w ffl a 
M ^ ffl n P 



i % 



14 P) M » O ^ 






•""sssaaasjisss^ssi 



ft5 



?>< 


B 


£ 


o 


K) 


o 


•« 


w 


O 


fe 




H 


V 




B 


w 


*u 


t^ 


h 


o 




p 


<s> 


W 




M 


rs; 


O 




^ 




PM 


IS 


O 


K 


w 


e 


OQ 


1 


1^ 

o 






a 


u 


<» 


s 




a 



2Q 



Our Boys 



13^1 



■ P^ 



i::i:i 




► g • »] f-i 

2 S 1 I E « 

cs 4> a o o o 



HNw^«-r-«o.3p|j4asaa5;saasaas!saE;saS5aas«s« 



132 



OuE Boys 







: « I ? It I i « : § j 



i ;a 

^ t-i U t-t *» ^ i-i >^ 

Si 6S SS g S 



05 



Our Boys 13<3 



CHAPTER XII 
Best and Least Liked Studies 

Each boy was asked to state his best liked and least liked study. 
The resulting answers have been classified by grades, city and parent- 
age groups with a view to determining if possible just where the 
greatest likes and dislikes for certain studies are located, and also to 
compare the likes and dislikes for various studies in each of the 
grades in each one of the city and village groups. Charts l^o. 12, 
12-A, 12-B, 12-C, 12-D, etc., which are derived from taibles N"o. 12 to 
12-Z, inclusive, in the appendix, show the studies liked best and least 
by boys leaving school on the completion of each of the various 
grades in the city, village and farm boy groups. It has been assumed 
that in the majority of cases the boys named the subjects most liked 
and disliked in the last grades completed. The like or dislike for 
a given subject may in some cases of course have been increased by 
a further study of the same subject for a short period of time in the 
grade following the last one completed by the boy. For purposes 
of comparison, however, the data here given are reliable as the same 
percentage of error would prevail in all sections of the State. It is 
also important to note that uniform courses of study are used in 
all the schools of the State. 

The boys who expressed a like and dislike for certain subjects in 
the fifth grade are those who left school on or shortly after the com- 
pletion of this grade and the likes and dislikes expressed by the 
sixth grade group are in no way influenced by the fifth grade group. 
This is true of every other grade. It is possible to conceive that a 
dislike for English as stated by a boy leaving school on or soon 
after the completion of the eighth grade might be a dislike for it 
acquired in some previous grade and still retained so strongly as to 
supersede other dislikes acquired in the eighth grade. However, 
it can safely be assumed that in the vast majority of cases the likes 
and dislikes indicated were for subjects studied in the last grade 
completed. Dislike for a subject does not register the quality of 
the dislike. It may be a very mild or a decidedly strong dislike. 

Mathematics, English, History, Geography and Spelling receive 
a great deal of attention in the form of likes and dislikes, while such 
subjects as Drawing, Manual Training, Elementary Science, etc., get 



134: Our Boys 

little attention. This maj possibly be due to the form of the 
questions on the questionnaire, which were as follows : " Best liked 
study ? " " Least liked study ? " If the word " study " as used was 
misleading does it not indicate that Manual Training and Drawing 
haye not yet reached the point where they are naturally included by 
students and teachers in the list of studies for each grade, but are 
regarded as extraneous ? However, in other studies of likes and dis- 
likes where the subjects were arranged in alphabetical order and the 
pupil checked the ones liked best and least, Drawing, Manual Train- 
ing, Physical Training, Music, Domestic Science, etc., received little 
attention. 

These studies in likes and dislikes are of course very crude but 
covering as they do such a large number of cases and showing such 
a wide difference in the maximum and minimum likes and dislikes 
for the different subjects in the different grades, show the need for 
a much more careful State-wide investigation of this raatter in the 
schools themselves. The purpose of such a study would be to dis- 
cover where the courses of study and methods of teaching should 
be modified so as to make a more uniform appeal to the children in 
the various grades. The theory that there is a disciplinary value in a 
study whose content does not make any appeal to the pupil has been 
shown by psychological investigation to be without foundation. As 
a matter of fact when a subject ceases to be interesting pupils cease 
to study it and therefore gain none of the so-called disciplinary 
training. Because a study is difficult does not necessarily mean that 
it is uninteresting, nor does the fact that a subject is easy, make it 
interesting. 

Studies were grouped under eleven headings 

The term " Mathematics " covers all forms of mathematics taught 
in the elementary and high schools. " English " covers oral English, 
Written English, G-rammar, Language and Literature. " History " 
covers United States History, American History and Civics, Ancient 
History, English History and Modern History. " Geography " 
covers Political Geography. "Drawing" covers Free-hand and 
Mechanical Drawing. " Elementary Science " covers IvTature-study, 
Physiology, Biology and General Science. "Advanced Science " 
covers Chemistry, Physics and Physical Geography. " Language " 
covers all foreign languages such as French, German, Spanish, 
Italian, Latin and Greek. 



Our Boys 



135 



L«a«t LUced 



OBBAISH HBV YOSC 



40> 30)9 20>> 



40°/& 



40^ 



«^ 



1 Uatbsmatloa 
S SngllBh 

3 Qeography 

4 Ulstoz7 

5 Spall lag 

6 Drawing 

7 Uaimal Tr« 

8 Ele, 



40;<; 30;0 



Snglltfi 
Uathanat los 
G«ograpl>7 
Spelling 
History 
Drawing 
M Sis. Solence 
Uannal Sr« 

CIIIBS OVEa 25,000 

0^ 

Qeography 

Uathenatlos 

English 

Spelling 

£le. Science 

History 

Drawing 

Manual Tr. 



0> IC/i 20^ 90^ 40ii 



3 
Soismce ^ 



1 £Iathenatic0 

2 Geogr^hy 

3 SngliBh 

4 Spelling 

5 History 

6 Drawing 

7 Uannal Tr. 



Iff/, ao» 80% 



vei. 



8 Sle. Science 
CITIB3 OBDSB 25,000 



Least LUoed 

30^ 20^ 10^ 



tteograpl^? 
liMgllsh 
Hath emat los 
Spelling 
History 
Elo. Soisnoe 
B Drawing 
I iiannal Tr« 



1 llstheoat los i 

2 Geography l 

3 Spelling 

4 Snglish I 

5 History [ 

6 Drawing 

7 uaanal Tr. 

8 £le. Science 



' ' I 

i i ' 

Bert Liked 

10^ taj, zoj, 



VILUGES OVEH 5,000 



I I 

1 ! 

Best Lllce^ 
1056 20% 30% 



Geography 
Snglieh 
Uathematics 
Spelling 
History 
Kle. Science 
{ Drawing 



1 Uathogatios 

2 Geography 

3 ESlgllah 

4 History 

5 Spelling 

6 Drawing 

7 Els. Science 

8 Manual Tr. 



3 



PLACBS D3IDEB 5,000 



0% 



Best LUced 

10^ 20% 30;» 




Least LUrad 
30% 20% 10% 



Geography 

MathesBtlos 

fligllah 

Spelling 

History 

£le. Science 

Drawing 

Uo yTHgl (Jr. 



1 Mathematios 

2 Geography 

3 Gngliah 

4 History 

5 Spelling 

6 Drawing 

7 ¥aniial Tr. 

8 ^le. Science 



ZIl 



jatPiona) fajm- bots 



0^ 



Best LUced 

10;^ 20% SV/c 



Geography 
Mathemat los 
English 
Spelling 
i.le. Science 
History 
I Drawing 
Uaaual Tr. 



1 Uathematlos -_ 

2 Geography — 

3 jogliah ~ 

4 Spelling ~ 

5 History ~ 

6 Sle. Scloice n 

7 Drawing 3 

8 Uannal Tr. 



2 1 



40% 



*oi 



ia$ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Best and Least Liked Studies 
Chart No. 12. — State Summary for Fifth Grade 



136 



OUK BOTS 



Laast UkBd 




GHSiTEB 

Uathenatlos 

Gflogreptiy 

Spell lag 

History 
gSravlng 
I file. Soienoe 
lU&imal Tr. 

CITIES 

£ngll8li 
Geogispliy 
Ustbeznatioa 
Sipelllag 
Histoiy 
£le. Soienoe 
Bfiravisg 
Ilaimal Tr* 

05^ CITIES 

liSBglitih. 

.tbsisat loB 
Geography 
Spelling 
iHlatory 
Sla. Science 
BDrawlng 



1 Uatheoat loa 

2 Histoiy 

3 Snglleh 

4 Geography 
e Spellii« 

e Uaimal Ir. 
7 Sra'nlng 



Beat Ulead 

Mjg 80^ *0^ 



8 Sle« SolenoaJ 

OTOB 25,000 



1055 80^ 3095 iO^ 60^ 



1 Usthematloa 
Z Geography 

3 Spelling 

4 Hi8toi7 
e SngliBh 

6 Sisnlng 

7 uannal Tr* 



8 £le« Solenee { 

WDSR 25,000 0^ 

1 llathematios ~ 

2 Geography I 

3 uiatory I 

4 Spelling I 

5 £ngllah Z 

6 Drawing 

7 Kanual It, 



314 V4 Wfi 



d ! 



1 

6 £le< ?oleno3 1 



VILLtGiS OTBH 5,000 
English 1 Mathemat loB 



Least lilted 



Geography 
liathenatloa 
Spelling 
HlBtoiry 
£le« 3olenoe 
I Drawing 
ilannal Tr* 



2 Geography 

3 HistoiT- 

4 Spelling 

5 fingllah 

6 Drawing 

7 Banual Vr« 

8 jjle« boienoe 





PLiCES U3IDKH 5,000 
liah 



Best LUDsd 
05J 10^ 205? 305^ 40^ 



1 Math«iELtioa _ 

2 Geography ~ 

3 Jfistory ~ 

4 laiglish ~ 

5 Spelling ~ 

6 Sle. GolenoeQ 

7 Drawing 3 

8 Llanual Ir, 



aO^OISD FAai BOYS 



40^ 50^ 



English 1 

Geography 2 

Matheroatlea 3 

Spelling 4 



loathenatioa 
History 
Geography 
Spelling 



Ele. Soienoe 5 English — 

Hietoiy 6 Ele. Soienoe^ 



g Drawing 
Mflnnal 'it. 



7 Drawing 

8 Hamal Ir. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Best and Least Liked Studies 

Chart No. 12A. — State Summary for Sixth Grade 



Our Boys 



137 



40^ 



IiMst lUcai 
30^ 20^ 10^ 



Best LUcod 



BV^ngllsli 
I Mathssat Iob 
I Ooogpapliy 

QSpalllng 

■ History 
ftDrswlag 



OBEATEH HH7 YOBK 

1 Uathomatioa 



0^ 10°/ 



30^ 40^ 



n I 



History 
CaograpJiy 
English 
Spelling 
llanoEil Tr. 



Least Ll&sd 
90^ 20^ 




|£l*u. Soltnoe 7 £i«. Sol«ace^ 
jUaoual Tr. 8 Srewlng 1 

cinas ovEs 25,000 



0% 



Best LUcsd 
lO^i ZOf-fl Zp^^ 



L«aBt LUcsd 

30^ 20li lOii 



iBnglish 

^thenatics 
lOeograpby 
Ispelllag 
■Hlstoiy 
■Els. Sclenoe 
IBrawlog 
Uannal Tr. 



1 uathematlcs 

2 Geography 

3 History 

4 Spelling 

5 BngllBh 

6 Drawing 

7 Manual Tr. 
6 £le. Science 



CITIES OTDEH 25,000 



3 

] 
J 

0% 



I 
I 

Beat LUcsd' 

10'^ 20^ 



30^ 




bnglish 

.thetnatlcs 

•ograpi^r 

[Spelling 

istory 

HElem. Science 6 

■Diowlng ' 



uathonatics 
lieogpaphy 
History 
Spelling 

Ii rawing 
lianoal Tr. 



Least IiUsd 
sgi 20 iO% 



WsDAl Tr. 8 ^le. Scieno*^ 




VIUAGES 0VE2 5,000 



0% 



Beet Llliad 

10^ 20% 30^ 



J.«a8t LVoti. 



11 sh 
thoE&t ies 
Geography 
Spelling 
Histoiy 
Ele. Science- 
g Drawing 
Manual Tr. 



1 UathecBt los 

2 History 

3 Geography 

4 Spelli!^ 

5 English 

6 Drawing 

7 jile. Science 

8 I.iamial Tr. 




PLACiJS XJlOSa. 5,000 



Least hUsBi 



llah 
thoiBtics 
lography 
'Spelling 

Istoiy 
Ele. Science 
JDrawing 
lianuBl Tr. 



3 
3 

1 



30% 



Mathaaatios ' 

History \ 

Geography i 

Spelling _^ 

iingllsh □ 
Elo. Science^ 

D.'iwing □ 
Lairual Tr. 



jiest Liloed 



40;'6 30;? 20^ 



40^ 



40^ 



40-> 

~3 



10^ % jilPLOYED FAE: BOYS 0? ^ 10^ 20,"^ 30% 40^^ 

Hl^HSrEnglidh 1 Uathenntics _^___^^^___^__^— 

■ , I I 

2 History i i | 

3 Geography I | | ] 

4 Spelling ^I 

5 English — ; 




Mathanatios 
Geography 
3pallli« 
Hiotoiy 
Xle. Science 
I Drawl i^ 
Irlanoal Tr. 



6 Ele. Science "2 

7 Drawin*; "j 

8 Manual Tr. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Best and Least Liked Studies 

Chart No. 12B. — State Summary for Seventh Grade 



138 



OtTB Boys 



I 
I 



*°i. 



CHiJlI HO. 
Least L5k»d 



12C ~ STATE SUMARY FOE 8TH SRADE. 

B*Bt Ukad 



if, OBIUf U KBW YOS 0^ 10^ 

Baellih 1 ItathoBtlss i " 

Hlatoiy I 

Bugllah I I 

Geography ' | 

^elline ^3 I 

Uaoial Tr. 3 ' 



nf 



Hathamtlos 
G«osioiliy 
Hlsto>7 
Spalllog 

SlB«ll« 

El*. Solanoe 
Uanial Tr« 



Ela. SeienoaU 
Drawing 3 

Com'l 3abJ ] 



L«a(t LlJisd 



40^ 30^ 



CoB'l SubJeotsU) Lasuguagss { 
0^ CITISS OTBB 26,000 0^ 



! Beat LUad 

1051; 20^ 3*;? 40^ 




Least LUnl 
30jt 2(^ lOjii 



Ssgllah 1 

ItethenBtloa £ 

Seograpligr 3 

Spelling 4 

Histoiy 5 

£le> Science 6 

Drawing 7 

tngaagee S 

i]iml Ir. 9 
Coal SubJeotslO 



UBthanat ioe 
Elstoiy 

Geography 
Sngllah 
Spelling 
Draning 
£le* Solanoe 
Uanial Tr. 
Ijingiagea 
Coml Subjeota 



' CITIES MTOEa 25,000 

lagllah 1 UathasBtles 



Beat LUcsd 
0^ 10> 20^ 30^ 



Least Lllmd 

!0^ 1055 



Leaat Liked 
3051 20% 10^ 



Uathenatloa 2 Eletoiy r- 

Spelllng 3 Gaognphor — 

GeogiBphy 4 Bnglleh — 

Hiatory 5 Spellli^ 3 

Ele. Science 6 Drawing 3 

Languagea 7 Ele. Science 3 

(Drawing 8 Ifannal Tr. ] 

Uasoal Tr. 9 Laoguagea Q 

Oon'l Subjeota ID 0ml Subjeota 

0% VlLLiGES OVSa 5,000 0^ 

KEngllah 1 llathemat lea r- 

SMathamatlca £ Ulstoiy 

BGoogiBphy 3 GoograiJiy 

■ Spellias 4 Engliah 

■ History 5 Spelling 

■ Ele. Solonce 6 Ele. Science 
BLan^ages 7 Uanual Tr. 

|Drawlng 8 Drawing 

jCmi'l aibJectB 9 an'l aiijects 

UaiEial Tr. 10 Languages 



Beat Liked 
loji 20-^ serf. 



Vi PUCES DHDSS 6,000 ' 

English 1 Uathenatloa 



Best Liked 
Wf, ZQfjL SO 



UathemEit los 
I Spelling 
I Hiatory 
I Geography 
I Lasgi^ges 
I i:le. Science 
1 Drawing 



£ Ulstoiy 

3 Geography 

4 Englidi 
6 Spelling 

6 Ele. Solanoe P 

7 Drawing 

8 Com'l Subjec 



Least LUoBd 



loon'l Subjects9 l^anual Tr. 
Uanual Tr. 10 



40:^ 



30^ 



20;i 10^ 



0^ ajpliiYiB 

lEngllah 

Illlathaisit loB 
I Spelling 
IHlstory 
I Geography 
Jelne* 
Leignagee 

|Dr:iwlng 



•km 30 i3 0-fi 

1 AathesctlCB ^^ 

2 HistT-y ~~~ 

3 'J80!?r.i?hy 

4 ^wlllae m 

5 Sa^lik _j 

C Jle. Science ^ 

7 Drawing T 

8 Com'l Subject] 



40> 60?, 



30% 40JS i>aii 



Com'l Subjects 9 Uanuai Tr 
Mojiinl Tr. 10 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Best and Least Liked Studies 

Chart No. 12C.— State Summary for Eighth Grade 



Our Boys 



139 



tt« l>t 7»ar U^ Ba>u»l 



B*it Ulmi 

10^ a)?i 30% 




Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Best and Least Liked Studies 
High School 
Chart No. 12D. — State Summary for First Year High Shool 



140 



Our Boys 



Least LUiBd 
40^ Za^ 20% 1(^ 



% GHIiATEB HEW YOHC 

iilngllah 1 iiathonELt loa 

Langaages 2 English 

Uathematlos 3 History 
£le. bcioDoa 4 Laz!^ua€«a 
Hletory 5, c^le. Soienoa 

Geogrsptay 6 Com*l Subjeots 

7 GdogTiipliy 
6 Dzuwliig 
9 Manual Tr« 

10 Adv. Sclonoe 

11 Spelling 



Best LUosd 
fp 20% 30', 



B Drawing 
g Spall ing 
I Qniaib^dcti 
I Adv. Solecci 



I Manual ' 



Laast Ll}cad 
40. 30;j aO> lO-/^ 




CITIES OVEa 25,000 



1 Uathenatloa 

2 HlBtoiy 

3 i^Jigllah 

4 Com»l Subjects 

5 £;ls* Solenoe 

6 brawing 

7 GaogTBphy 
6 languages 
9 ilanual Tr, 



20% SO';; 40^ 



8 Adv. Scienoe 10 Spelling 
liianual Tr. 11 Adv. Soienoe 



CITIi;S UlIDfia 25oOOO 
i^siglleh 1 Uatbeimtlos 



10% 20f, ZO^ 40^ 



2 History 

3 tagllah . — 

4 ijla* bcisnce ; — 1. 
B LanguagsB •— ^ 

6 Oom'l Sabjacta ^ 

7 l»rrn7lag — ^ 

8 Gaography H 
Adv. Solanoe 9 Adv. Soienoa 3 
Oan'l SubjeotalO Spoiling 1 
Uanoal Tr. 11 Lianual "^t* c* 



Best LUced 



VILIAGJiS G7EB 5,000 
i^nglleh 1 IlatbenBtlos 

2 Ulatoiy 

3 r^ngllah 

4 £;ie. Soienoa 

5 Drawing 

6 Gaul SubJBOts 

7 Langoagas 
Qani biabjeets Geography 

9 Drawing 9 Spelling 

Adv. Soienoa 10 Adv. Soienoa 
Llanual Tr. 11 Uanual Tr. 

PLACES UTOEE 5,000 
LaEguages 1 i«ia.thonBti03 

iSigliBh 2 History 

iiathemattoa 3 iingllah 
Histoiy 4 iJ.3. Science 

ila. Soience 5 Langiages 



Best LUcad 



S spelling 
■ Gaogmphy 



6 Com'l subjects 



Least Ll^ed 
40^ 30^ SO-fi 10^ 



7 Urawing 
■ Adv. science 8 Adv. soiani 
I Drawing 9 Geogi^hy 

j om'iajbjects 10 Manual it. 
I iiocoal Tr. 11 Spelling 



0S5 



B 

I 



BIPLOyED P.UIM BOYS 
£bigliah 

Lanf^iagas 




10^ 2C^ SO^ 40Ji 



10> 20;i 30?; 40^ 



1 i^thettBtlcs 

2 History 
Uatho^tlos 3 £le. Science 
ulotciy 4 fingllflh 
Spelling 5 Langtiagos 
Ela. Soienoo 6 Geography 
Geography 7 Com'l subjects 
Drawing 8 Spelling 

I Adv. Scienoe 9 Adv. Science 
Ocinl SubjeotalO Drawing 
Uanual Tr. 11 tianual ^r. 



n 
n 

2 
2 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Best and Least Liked Studies 
High School 
Chart No. 12E.— State Summary for Second Year High School 



Our Boys 



141 



4(,5{ Mjt atf 10^ 



L»ut Lltod 
»(^ 20^ lOjt 



Lcsit Llkad 
40^ 30^ Z0$ 10^ 



lO-yc 80-> 20). 10> 



40)( <0]C tO^ 10^ 



. OiiSAIiH HOT lOffi ^, 

■ LangQftg«« 1 UAthSDBtlos ^Z 

■ 2n£lleli 2 English '■ 
H.IiAthomatlo* 3 History 

B History 4 Languagos f 

■ £l6m.SoleBO« 5 Com'l Subjaots^^ 
^ Drawing 6 £Aflo. Solenoa ""~! 

■ a«ogni>h7 7 Drawing ^ 
|A<tr* 3ol«iua 8 Uazu Tralolag ^ 




|Ooin'l 3abj90ts9 IdT. Solssa* 
|Uaaual Train. 10 Saograpligr 
I Spalllig 11 Spalling 

OITUtS OTBa 26,000 

Bngllsh 1 llatboiatlo* 

laigaages 2 Bisto>7 

Uatliamtloa 3 Si:«llali 
Blma» Solonae 4- Sl«t«3olaso9 
Hl0toi7 fi Dittwlsg 

Claograpiiy 6 Com'l 3ubJ«cti 

i.dr. Solatua 7 Lai«oaga> 
Spalllng 6 AdT. 3oleaoe 

Coa'l SubJaotsS Hsmal Tr. 
Dr^dag 10 Spalllog 

Uasoal Tr* 11 Gaograpl^ 



I I 

Bast LUcsd 



0^ lOji 



30^ 10^ 



P I 

^ I 

3 I 

3 




0^ 

Sngllah 

(UfttbomAtl 



CITUaS UHDEB 25,000 

1 llathflcatico 

2 History 

3 Kogllah 



"^ g^ flo^ 




History 4 £ltm. Solenoe 

Sl«iuSol«noo 6 com'l Subjeots 
AdT* 3olonoe 6 LBngofieot 

ollliif 7 AdT.Solonco 

Geogr&phy 8 Dz«vlng 

Pi««li« 9 GoogrsptQT 

Com'l SubJaotlO Uanoal Tr* 
U&imai Tr, U Spslllne 

^ TILUGE3 07£a 6,000 , 

Snglish 1 Uatbeoatlcs 

2 Cngliah 
lUthsoatioB 

HlBtoiy 4 lAngoages 

BIai«33l«no« 6 History 
Drmrins 6 Com*lSut>Joots 

Spelling 7 Drawing 

Geographer 6 Manual Tr. 

9 Spell log 
10 joography 
AdT. Solanoe 11 Advanced So* 



Boet Xilkel 

1D% tO^; SO^ 



3 £lem« Soleao* 



Coa'l Snbj 
Uam&l Tr. 



o-> 



FL&C£S UKDSa 6,000 



iT 



Bait ^Usd 




Languagas 1 Mathamatloa 

Sngllah 2 Hlstoiy """ 

UattMsiatlofl 3 English ~^ 

History 4 Languages ~~1 

£l<n«3oUnoa 5 £laB*Solenoa ^3 

Spalllag 6 AdT. Solsnoa ^ 

AdT. Solanoa 7 Ooa'13ul>Jeott ^ 

|( Qaograpliy 6 Geography ^ 

DiAwlag 9 Drttwlng * 

Com'l SubJ. 10 Spelling 

Muual Tr« 11 Uanaal Tr* 




a), ao'LOTjo) ?Aai bots i 

"T'lr* 1 HatlianBtloe 

Snglieh 2 Elstoiy 

UatlMiaatlos 3 Sngllsh 

Hlatoi7 4 dlem«3olenod 
H BlsB* Solanoe 6 Adv.Solenoe 

H Spelling 6 Languaeas 

m Ceogreplv 7 Spelling 

I Drawing 6 Com'l SubJ* 

Com''i 3ubJ. 9 Gaograplqr 

ii^T*Solenae 10 Drawing 

T'o^'^l Tr> 11 Manual Tr« 



Best LlkeA 

10* iO)t Wji 



I 
♦I* 



T — I — r 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Best and Least Liked Studies 
Chart No. 12F.— State Summary for Third Year High School 



142 



Our Boys 




.g6» 
tbaaatlcs Z j^DgllBll 
Iscgllsh 3 History 

|£laiiuSoleae9 4 Languseu 
jlJrswiiig 5 Cam*l Subjaota 

Istory 5 il««.Solan<i« 

dT. Solenoo 7 Srawlug 
'Oography 8 l^onnal ^ralnlnfin 

Train. 9 Adv. Solenoe ^ 
'Qm*l SnbJ. 10 G«ogr«pta7 
Epslllag U SpelllBg 

0ITIS3 OTStl 2S,00O 



V3% SO% V3% ^ 60^ 



<tf 



loh 



5 



.thematloB 
.om*Solanoo 
lstox7 

IPpellinff 

Coa'l Sab J. 
Uamial Tr. 



1 Uathematloa 

2 History 

3 i^^ngllBh 

4 £lein« Soloiioa 

5 Adr. Solenoa 

6 Cam*l SubjeotB 

7 i^BguBges 
6 Drawing 
9 Uum&l TniB. 

10 Sp«lllng 

11 Otiograp^ 



Laaat Llket. 
8<^ 20-> lost 




&0^ 



I«att Llkol 
30^ 2a; 10";^ 



OITiaS OTKE 2D ,000 

riaBgua.eB« 1 Uatlieisatio8 

tCnglUh 2 UlBtory 

■ Uathgcatloa 3 £laa< Soionco 
Msiem. Selenc«4 iSaellsh 
■riuistoiy 5 Com*! Subjaots 
H Drawing 6 I.angaag«s 

■AdT. Soiencs 7 Adr. Soieiwa 

■ Spalllziig 8 Drawing 

Ceograptqr 9 Geograpliy 

|com*l 3nb).^10 Spalllng 

tHanual Tr. 11 llanual fr* 

0^ THUGKS OTSB 6,000 , 

B^-Qoguagas 1 Battaeoatios 

B Si^liah 2 Hl8tox7 

■ illam. 3cianoe3 "lem. ^solanoa 
HI lUathonatiaa 4 Lasguagea 

H Uistoxy S ' Sogliah. 

qcom'l SubJ. 6 Adv. Scienoa 

Canual i'raui 7 Drawing 

Spelling 8 ixanual Iralu* 

Gaograpliy 9 Spoiling 

Drawing 10 Coogrephy 

Adv. Jelanoell Com'l SubJ 



3aat LUad 
10$ 20^ 30;^ 40^ 



Beat LUcad 
105£ m Wit 40^ 



B05« 



PUC£S UNDiSB S,000 0^ 

1 ftathanatioa i^^i 

iOngllsh Z Hlstozy ■— 

lathematioB 3 ^dT. Soienoa -^— i 

aaa. boloiica4 Elen* ^oianoa — 

■felling 5 fingllBb _ 

tlstoty G Languages ^3 

dT* ficianea 7 Com'l Subjaota ^3 

Mceography 3 Oaogiaphy 2 

I Brawlng 9 iJrawlng * 

Com*l Subj. 10 Hamial Training 

ttaimal Tralnll Spelling 



■ Bast Llkai 

10$ 20$ 30$ 40$ eo> 



0^^ aiPLoyfia fasi boys o$ 

H Languages 1 Katbonatioa _ 
~i English 2 History 3 

I leathematloa 3 llem> oolenca 
■4 History * AdT. Soisnoe 

l^iUvD* Solenoft & luiguagaa 
pUiAvln« fi Ooa>l SubJ. 

)i»paUlng 7 Oaogiaphy 

lOeogrEq)!]; g Drawing 

|ldT. Solenea 9 qpalllag 
tian. Training 10 Soellah 
Oo»*l SubJ. U Ifcm. Tmlnin£_ 



Bast LUcad 

10$ 20$ 30$ 40$ 50$ 



Sixteen, Seventeen ond Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Best and Lijast Lii^ed Studies 
Chart No. 12G.— State Summary for Fourth Year High School, 



Our Boys 143 

Charts 'No. 12 to 12-G inclusive show the comparative likes and 
dislikes for each subject in each of the city, village and farm 
groups. Chart No. 12 gives these comparisons for the fifth grade; 
No. 12-A for the sixth grade; No. 12-B for the seventh grade; No. 
12-C for the eighth grade ; No. 12-D for the first year of the high 
school; No. 12-E for the second year of the high school; No. 12-F 
for the third year of the high school and No. 12-G for the fourth 
year of the high school. This series of charts is useful for making 
comparisons by city, village and farm groups between the best and 
least liked studies for each grade separately. 

Charts No. 12-H to 12-0 inclusive, show comparative likes and 
dislikes for individual studies by grades and by the various city, 
village and farm groups. These charts are useful for studying the 
likes and dislikes of individual subjects and enable anyone to make 
a comparison between the various city, village and farm groups 
in the matter of likes and dislikes for any particular grade. Charts 
No. 12-P to 12-T inclusive, make a comparison between the various 
city, village and farm groups showing the like and dislike for each 
study in each of the grades within the group. 

Mathematics ranks first in like and second in dislike 

Chart JSTo. 12-H compares by grades the like and dislike for mathe- 
matics in the various city, village and farm groups. Chart No. 12-P 
makes similar comparisons by grades within each of the city, village 
and farm gi-oups. (See tables No. 12 to 12-E, No. 12-N to 12-S in 
the text.) In Greater New York Mathematics is uniformly liked in 
all the grades and the high school by about thirty-seven percent of 
the boys and uniformly disliked by about twenty-two percent of the 
boys. In the cities over 25,000 Mathematics is uniformly liked by 
about forty-three percent of the boys and disliked by about twenty- 
one percent. In the cities under 25,000 Mathematics is uniformly 
liked by about forty-three percent of the boys and disliked by about 
twenty-one percent of the boys. In the villages over 5,000 population 
it is liked by about forty-two percent and disliked by about twenty- 
one percent. In the farm boy group, however, the uniform like 
increases to about forty-nine percent and the dislike decreases to 
about seventeen percent. While the like for Mathematics is almost 
twenty percent greater than that for any other subject the dislike 



144 Our Boys 

for Mathematics is only fifteen percent less than the dislike for 
English which stands first on the list for dislike. Altho Mathe- 
matics is the best liked study it also ranks second in the list d£ 
disliked subjects. The remarkable uniformity in the percentage of 
like and dislike for the subject of Mathematics in all the grades in all 
communities of the State, indicates that the course of study in Mathe- 
matics is uniformly interesting to from forty-three to forty-eight 
percent of the boys and uniformly uninteresting to from sixteen to 
twenty percent of the boys. 



OuB Boys 



145 



ZO^ 20^ 



20^ 30i 40> eoit 




Greater Mew York 
Qnployad farm boys 
Places onder S,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Villages over 5,000 
Cities under 25,000 

Greater How York 
Cities under 25,000 
Places under 5,000 
Villages over 5,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Qqployed farm boys 

Greater Hew York 
Places under 5,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Cities under 25,000 
Villages over 6,000 
anployed farm boys 

I Places under 5,000 
I Greater Hew York 
( Villages over 5,000 
I Cities over 25,000 
I Cities under 25,000 
I J:inployed fajn boys 



Villages over 5,000 
Cities over 25,000 
anployed form boys 
Cities under 25,000 
Places under 5,000 
Greater new York 

aiployed faim boys 
Cities over 25,000 
Cities under 25,000 
Places undsr 5,000 
Villages over 5,000 
Greater New Yoric 

IE 
Qqployed farm boys 
Cities undsr 26,000 
Places under 5,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Villages over 5,000 
Greater New Yori: 

i^loyed famn boya 
Cities under 25,000 
Places under 5,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Villsgos over 5,000 
Greater New York 



1 st YEifl HIGH SCHOOL 



Cities under 25,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Greater Bew York 
places under 5,000 
Villages over 5,000 
tioployed taxa boys 

2nd 
Cities undsr 25,000 
Greater How York 
Cities over 25,000 
Places under 5,000 
Villages over 5,000 
jiii^loyed fans boys 

3d 
Cities under 25,000 
Villages over 5,000 
Greater Uew York 
Biuployed farm boys 
Places under 5,000 
Cities over 25,000 



4tlj YBifi HIGH SCHOOL 



Cities under 25,000 
Greater New Yoric 
^Diployed fans boys 
Cities over 25,000 
Places under 5,000 
Villages over 5,000 



*o'/. 30% 





1 £^loyed farm boya 

2 Places under 5,000 

3 Cities over 25,000 

4 Villages over 5,000 

5 Cities under 26,000 

6 Greater Hew Yoric 
Y£A^ HIGH SCHOOL 

1 Anployed fans boys 

2 Villages over 5,000 

3 Cities naier 26,000 

4 Places under 5,000 

5 Cities over 25,000 

6 Greater Haw Yoric 
Y£AH HIGH SCHOOL 

i^loyed fiua boys 
Places under 5,000 
Villages over 5,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Cities under 25,000 
Greater New Yoric 



xiqiloysd f&m boys 
Villages over 5,000 
Places undsr 5,000 
Cities undsr 25,000 
Cities over 25,000 
Greater Haw York 




2<j"' 30 



''/, ■^°% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Mathematics 

Chart No. 12H. — State Summary for all Grades 



146 



OuE Boys 



L«ast LUcad IiATEaiS.7ia3 B«9t LUced 

20^ 10^ (^'Z- 10% 10^ 20^ 805J 4051 SOjii 

Greater Haw Yopk I " 



Le33t LUcad HISTOSr 
10% 0% 



B«8t LUcad 
10% 20% S>% 




OltlsB over 25 000 



Citi9B undflp 25,000 i 1 1 | 




1 








1 
































1 










iH 








■H^ 






10% 20> 30?S 40> 60^ 



G 


raster Hew I 

6th Grad* 

lUyp. H.S 
34 " 

lea OTer 25, 

eth Grad* 

Tlh '• 
SM " 
Utyr. M.S. 
2d " ■• 
3d ■• " 
4th •• " 

es under 25, 

eth Gradd 

em " 

lityr.H.S. 


i ' 1 ■ 1 

rlc 1 [ 
'^ 1 1 




li 1 
























1 1 1 










■i 


==^ 1 1 






ou 

I 


000 1 1 1 

pill 
— ■: 1 1 












> ' 
















'II 1 














■ 


1 1 


Cit 


000 ! '. j 




" 1 1 1 




















i ' 
























'1 ' 






THJ 


ages 07er 5, 

etfi Grad* 
Idtyr. H.S 

oet under 5, 

Sth Grada 
Ttl. '•■ 

etii " 

IMyp. M.S. 
2d '• " 
3d •• " 
4Ih •• " 

loyed Fan B< 
etn Crada 

Idtyp. H.S. 
3d " " 


000 1 i 1 

^=< 1 ! 




' ■" 1 , j 
































, _ 1 ' 1 


IH 


^i 1 1 






Pla 


1 ' ' 

000 i 1 1 

■ I 1 \ 


















































« 




1 ' ' 

>;• 1 1 1 

l=3i ; 1 




















1 ■ 
























'' 1 








_^ ' 1 






i 1 : 
1 1 



10% 0%. 



0^ 10% 20% 30%; 



Sixteen, Seventeem and Eighteen Year Old Einploped Boys 
Mathematics and History 
Chart No. 12P. — Grade Summary for City, 
Village and Farm Groups 



Our Boys 147 

English is the most disliked study 

Chart ISTo. 12-1 compares by grades the like and dislike for English 
in the various city, village and farm groups. Chart ^o. 12-Q makes 
similar comparisons by grades within each of the city, village and 
farm groups. (See tables No. 12 to 12-E, and No. 12-N to 12-S in 
Ihe text.) From twenty-five to thirty percent of the boys disliked 
English in the fifth grade, the dislike being slightly greater in 
Greater New York than in the other groups. This dislike increases 
until it reaches its maximum in the eighth grade where it is about 
forty-three percent. It then gradually decreases to almost twenty 
percent in the fourth year of the high school. Erom ten to fifteen 
percent of the boys like English in the fifth grade. Tliis like 
decreases gradually up to the eighth grade and then increases 
slightly in the high school. English is the one subject required in 
all grades and in each year of the high school and it is quite evident 
that the course of study as arranged at present does not appeal to 
boys. Many theories have been advanced in an endeavor to explain 
why boys do not like English. The data of this survey simply 
indicate that English is not interesting to boys. A further study of 
this subject should be made in each grade endeavoring to discover 
the percent of like and dislike for oral English, written composition, 
grammar and literature. The subject as here discussed necessarily 
covers all of these branches of the subject. Personal interviews 
with a large number of boys have revealed the fact that oral and 
written English as well as grammar and literature, as at present 
presented, fail to interest many boys. Correlation tables were made 
for the various nationality groups to see whether English was more 
disliked by foreign born boys than by American bom boys. It was 
discovered that English was no more distasteful to foreign bom 
boys than to American born boys and in some instances the foreigners 
expressed a slightly greater like for English than did the American 
bom boys. These different nationality correlation tables are not 
published in the report because of lack of space. It should be noted 
that the like for English is greater than the like expressed for a 
number of the other studies. 



148 



Our Boys 



Least LUced < 
30^ 20^ 






30JJ Z(yJ, lOiJ 



Graatar Has Yorit 
Villages cnrer ^00 
Cities under 25,000 
i^nployed £arm boys 
Cities over 2^00 
Places imder 5,000 

Great ar Haw Yoit 
Cities over 25p00 
Cities under 25,000 
Villages ovar 5p00 
Bnployed farm boys 
Places under SpoO 

Greater Sew YoiJc 
iteployod farm boys 
Places under 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Villages over 5000 
Oltlas over 25000 



stii omns 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 
6th QSiDS 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 
7th aOiDB 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 



Bast Liked 
0* 10% zor/i 



Greater New YoiSc 
anployed farm boys 
Cities ovar 25000 
Places under 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Villages over 5000 



8th GEADE 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 



I^loyed farm boys 
Greater Ha* Yoric 
Places under 5p00 
Cities under 25,000 
Cities over 25p00 
Villages ovar ^00 

Greater Has Yoit 
Places under ^000 
Cities under 25pOO 
Villages over 5poo 
Qaployed farm boys 
Cities over 25pO0 

Greater Haw Yoi* 
Cities over 25000 
Cities under 25000 
Villages over 5000 
Places under 5000 
Ui^iloyed farm boys 

Groat ar Kew Yoite 
Cities under 26000 
Villages over 5000 
Cities over ^^00 
Places under 5000 
Qsployed farm boys 



HD 



1st YEiE HIGH SCHOOL 



Cities ovar 35030 
Qsployed fam boys 
Villages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Places Older SOOO 
Greater Has Yoik 



1 Graatar Haw Yorlc 

2 Cities under 25000 

3 Cities over 25000 

4 Villages ovar 5000 

5 Places under 5000 

6 anployed farm boys 

2d YEA a HIGH SCHOOL 



Cities over 25000 
anployed farm boys 
Villages over 5000 
cities undar 25000 
Greater Haw Yort 
Places under 5000 



Cities over 250O0 
Grooter Haw Yorlc 
Cities under 25000 
Places under 5000 
Villages over 5000 
aig)loyad fann boys 



3d YEAB HIGH SCHOOL 



Cities over 25000 
VlllBses ovar 5000 
Cities under 25000 
ai^loyed farm boys 
Qraater Haw Toric 
Places under 5000 



Villages ovar 5000 
Greater Hew Yoric 
Cities under 25000 
Cities ovar 25000 
anployed f jna boys 
Places under 5000 



4th YEaa HICW SCHOOL 



anployed farm boys 
Cities over 25000 
Places under 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Villages over 5000 
Greater Haw Yortc 



Greater Haw Yoric 
Cities ovor 25000 
Cities under 25000 
Places under 5000 
Villages over 5000 
anployed famo boys 



0^ 10^ 20^ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

English 

Chart No. 121. — State Summary for all Grades 



Our Boys 



149 



Laaat Llksd ENGLISH 
4055 30!S 20^ lo:^ 0% 



Best LUcal 



Least Liksd USOUAaES Best LUud 

«oj{ 3o;i 2o;« 10^ 0^ 0% io?i a 




Sixteen, Seventeen mid Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

English and Languages 

Chart No. 12Q.— Grade Summary for City, Village and Farm Groups 



150 . Otjr Boys 

History ranks second in like and about fifth in dislike 

Chart ^0. 12-J compares by grades tlie like and dislike for History 
in the various city, village and farm groups. Chart l^o. 12-P makes 
similar comparisons by grades within each of the city, village and 
farm groups. (See tables No. 12 to 12-E and Ko. 12-^" to 12-S in 
the text.) The like for History increases uniformly from the fifth 
to the eighth grade where it reaches almost thirty percent The like 
then gradually decreases thruout the high school. This is par- 
ticularly encouraging when it is recalled that as the amount of His- 
tory required in the grades increases, the like for the subject also 
increases, reaching its maximum in the eighth grade. The record 
for the first year of the high school whei-e most pupils study History 
is also high. In the upper grades of the high school the percent 
liking the subject gTadually decreases. The dislike for History, how- 
ever, on the other hand is uniformly about seven percent thruout 
all the grades and the high school in each one of the city, village 
and farm groups. This small and uniform dislike for History 
indicates that the subject fails to appeal to a uniformly small percent 
of the boys in each grade. The fact that the dislike does not increase 
in the seventh and eighth grades where more time is devoted to the 
subject verifies this statement. It is unfortunate that the boys were 
not asked to state their second best liked and second least liked study 
as it would then be possible to measure in some degree how much 
stronger the like for Mathematics was than the like for History or 
vice versa. The important fact to note with regard to the like and 
dislike for History is that as the amount of work increases the like 
for the subject increases while the dislike remains uniformly quite 
small, indicating that the course of study is so arranged as to make 
an increasing appeal to the boys as the requirements increase. 



Our Boys 



151 



Least Liked 



Bast Llksd 

0^ 10^ ao^ 



ll>laoes under 5000 
I Villages over SOOO 
I Cities under 25000 
I GiToater Hew Zoxk 
I aapXojai taim boya 
I Cities over 26000 

iBi^loyed faniboya 
I Sroater Haw Yoj* 
I Villagas over 5000 
I Flaoes under 5000 
I Cities under 25000 
I Cities over 25000 

I Bsployed faim boy* 
I flacas under SOOO 
I Tillages OTor SOOO 
I Cities under 25000 
; Cltlea over 2S000 
I Elreatar Hea Yozk 

issployed fSjnn boya 
IPlaoee under SOOO 
icitles over 25000 
ICitias under 25000 
SvillagoB OTer 5000 
reeter Saw Toitc 



Z 

3 

4 
5 
6 

6th aaiaa 
1 

2 

3 
4 
S 
6 
TthOBUK 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

8th amsa 

1 
2 

3 



Places under 5003 
Greater Nor Yoik 
Vlllaeas over 5000 
Smployad farm boys 
Cities under 25000 
Cities OTsr 25000 

Sreatar He* York 
Tillages orer 5000 
PlBoes oadar SOOO 
ai;>loyed farm boys 
Cities nader 25000 
Cities over 26000 

O-reeiter Hew Yoik 
Villa gaa over SOOO 
Plaoas mider SOOO 
BQ>loyed fazB boys 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 

TiUaees atw 5000 
Places under 5000 
Qi^loyad t&im boys 
Cities orer 25000 
Oraater Hew Yortc 
Cities under 25000 



1st TBia BIOB SCHOOL 



20? io$ 



! Tillages OTer 5000 


1 


Cities orer 25000 


Cities OTer SOOO 


2 


aiiployed fazn boys 


' allayed taxa boys 


3 


Places under 5000 


i Greater Hew Yoric 


4 


Tillages over 5000 


1 Cities under 25000 


5 


Cities under 25000 


i Places under 5000 


6 


Greater Has Yoik 


2d YSA.B HIGH 


staoci. 


1 Tillages over 5000 


1 


Places under 5000 


i Places under 5000 


2 


Bs^loyed faim boys 


1 Cities under 25000 


3 


Tillages over 5000 


1 Bnployed tajm boys 


4 


Cities over 25000 


1 Cities over 25000 


5 


Cities under 25000 


1 Greater Hew Yoik 


6 


Greater Hew Yoifc 


3d YSLS HIGH SCHOOL 


1 Villages orer 5000 


1 




1 Cities under 25000 


2 


Boployed farm boy* 


1 Greater Hew Yoifc 


3 


Cities under 25000 


1 Cities over 25000 


4 


Cities over 25000 


I BQ>loyed faro b oys 


e 


Greater Hew Yoik 


1 Places under SOOO 


6 


Villages oyer 25000 


4th YUB HI(m SCHOOL 


1 Biiployed faa boy* 


1 


Villages over 5000 


1 Tillages OTer 5000 


2 


Cities under 25000 


1 Greater Haw YotSc 


3 


Qq^loyed fann boys 


1 Cities under 25000 


4 


Greftter Hew YoA 


■ Cities over 25000 


5 


Cities OTer E5000 


■ Places under 5000 


6 


Places under 5000 


0* 







0^ 10'/ 20^ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

History 

Chart No. 12 J. — State Summary for all Grades 



152 Our Boys 

Greography is most disliked in the lower grades 

Charts 'No. 12-K and 12-E, compare the likes and dislikes for geog- 
raphy by grades and by the various groups. (See tables No. 12 to 
12-E, and No. 12-IT to 12-S in the text.) The dislike for Geography 
is greatest in the fifth grade and the like for Geography is about 
uniform in the fifth, sixth and seventh grades. It is noticeable that 
the like and dislike for Geography reaches into the high school. 
Of course these likes and dislikes werre acquired in the grades. This 
suggests that some of the like and dislike in the upper grades for 
other subjects has also been carried over from the lower grades. 
It does not show, however, on the tables and charts because most of 
the other subjects are taught in the high school as well as in the 
grades. 



Our Boys 



153 



^ a 

m ^ 



o o o i< 



O t3 V o 



o > o a] 



5 I 



■M 4> )H Oj 
^ *4 iri r-t 
O O > P* 



^ -^ r-l O r-l Cd 



^ s 



© o ** 







r-* C\J tO^mOcd rHCMtQ-^JllO^OOf-ICVJPJ^lOOcSr-IOllO ^inU> 



* T» o ^ 




O > O O CM 



:; :;: t ^ 



C5 O O > 



llllliiui" 



t 



o >> o o 



8 « 



8 « 



^ 8 



8 *• S 






:: E a 



(H o e 
-=t M »< 



^ a -I i^ o i-i 

♦* © »H ** d P* 4* 



04>eortO o© 



o pj o cs >• o e< 



o o o P< > 



O O O (1< 



o 



c» O 



C» 









nnnn ^ g 






=5 



g 


cS 


to 


A 


to 


( ) 






^ 








iQ 





C9.H N tO'tin tOOiHCM eO-^lflO^^ M(0 <«flO<OOr-ICMlO,^tfl*0 




O ^ O lO 



•H (-I O -H 



li 



d, a o > 



0) -I rH ^ 

w o 



.-H -H -< ll 

o< o > o 



§ 8 



r^ -^ T^ O 



O O Ph > O 



IIIHMIIIiMllli 



1? 



^ 



154 



Our Boys 



Least Lllced 

30% 2054 10^ 



Best Liked 



0^ la^ 

Greater Hew roi* | 
6th Grad« 



Cities over 

6th Grad* 



Cities uader 25000 

h Grad* 




TlHagoa over 5000 

6th Grad* 




Places under 5 000 

6th Gradd 



clsployai fans bo^ 

I Grad* _— 



Least Lllced 

10^ Of, 



Greater Now York 



i 



tu 



10^ 20% 



cities over 2 


500 


1 


6th Gradd t 


1 


6th " 3 


1 


/■th " ] 


■ 


Sth " J 


1 


I»t»r. H.S ^ 


■ 


2d " " 
3d •' " 





1 


*th •■ " n 


Cities under 25000 


■ 


6th Grad* 


H 


■ 


Sth " 


I 


I 


7th •• 


7 


1 


eth ■• 


J 


1 


1st yr. H.S 


p 


k 


2d " •• 
3d •' " 


=3 




4th " □ 


Vlllagsa OTsr 5000 


1 


6th Gradd 


^ 



Places under 5,000 



I 


3d •' •' 




P 


i 


4th ;' " 


D 


£taployed farm 


boy^ 


1 6th Gradd 




J 


1 6th " 




3 


1 Tlh 




t 


H eth " 




3 


■ l.t/r.H.S. 


c 


|2d ■• •• 


p 


1 3d •■ •• 


h 


■ 


4th " 




J 



l»^ 0^ 



on 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Chart No. 12R. — Grade Summary for City, Village and Farm Groups 
Geography and Drawing • 



.Our Boys ;155 

Spelling is least liked and best liked in the lower grades 

Charts No. 12-K and 12-S compare the likes and dislikes for Spell- 
ing in the grades of the various groups (see tables ]SI"o, 12 to 12-E 
and 'No. 12-ISr to 12-S in the text), and show that the greatest dis- 
like as well as the greatest like for Spelling occurs in the lower 
grades. As in the case of Geography, dislike and like for Spelling 
reach over into the high school. 



156 



OuK Boys 



SPEIillKJ 



Least Liked 



I Greater New York I 



Cities over 25000 

6th Grad* 
6th " 



Tlh 



iCltieo under 25000 

eth Grad* 

6th 

7th " 



.H.S ^ 



Tlllagea over BOOO 

6th Grad* 



lit jr. H.S 12 



Plaoes under 5,000 
eth Grad* 



1=1 



Qnployed farm boys 

6th Grad* 



20^ 10^ 0% 



MiOT.TiTAffl' SOICSCE 
Iieaet LUced. Best Ll'/ced 



20^ 



20^ 



205« xo^ a;2 0^ 

Greater Hew totx. 



10^ 



6th Grad* 
6th " 



Cities over 25000 



I Cities tinder 25000 
6th Gradd 
6th " 



Tth 



Tlllag«B over 5000 

Sth Gradd 



Plao93 \mder 5,000 

6th Gradi 



anployed farm boys 

5th Grade 



10^2 0^ 




Siccteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Spelling and Elementaey Science 

Chart No. 12S.— Grade Summary for City, Village and Farm Groups 



Our Boys 



157 



Foreign language is very much disliked in the high school 

Charts No. 12-0 and 12-Q (see tables ]^o. 12 to 12-E and No. 
12-]^ to 12-S in the text) show a very strong dislike for Foreign 
Languages, increasing from the first year of the high school to its 
maximum in the fourth year. This is the only instance where any 
study outranks English in dislike. The like for Foreign Languages 
is uniformly very small. 







Villages over 5000 
Plao9s under 5000 
Cltiea under 25000 
Greater New Yoik 
Qnploysd farm boya 
Cities over 25000 




30% 30% 10% 0^ 



Sth OB&SS 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 



Villages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Pisces under 5000 
Greatsr Hen York 
J:2Q)l07ed t&ttn boys 
Cities over 25000 



Best Lllcsa 

a 
I 

I 

1 

I 



1st YEiH HIGH SCHOOL 



Places under 5000 
Bi5)loyed farm boys 
Greater Hew York 
VillagBs over 500O 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 



Greater Sew YOZ& 
Villages over 5000 
Cities und»r 25000 
Bi^loyed fann boys 
Cities over 25000 
Places under 5000 



2d XMS HIGH SCHOOL 



Places under 5000 
Bi^jloyed farm boys 
Greater Hew Yorfe 
Cities under 25 000 
Villages over 5000 
Cities over 25000 



Greater Haw Yoite 
Cities under 25000 
£>nployed farm boys 
Places under 5000 
Villages over 5000 
Cities over 25000 



c 

c 

u 
3 






3d YSAB HIGH SCHOOL 



Places under 5000 
Employed farm boys 
Greater New York 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 
Villages over 5000 



z=n 



1 Greater New Yoilc 

2 Villages over 5000 

3 Places under 5000 

4 Cities under 25000 I I 

5 Cities over 25000 D 

6 Itaployed farm boys U 



4tll YBaH HIGH SCHOOL 



Villages over 5000 
Places under 5000 
anployed f&rm boys 
Greater Haw YoA 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 



1 Greater New Yoilc 

2 Cities under 25000 r~~l 

3 Villages over 5000 f~~t 

4 Qnploped farm boys '~~^ 

5 Places under 5000 □ i 

6 Cities over SOOO 3 [ 

0% 10^ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Lajjguages 

Chart No. 120. — State Summary for all Grades 



158 Our Boys 

Likes and dislikes for other subjects are relatively small 

Charts No. 12-L, 12-M, 12-E", 12-R, 12-S and 12-T show that the 
likes and dislikes for Elementary Science, Advanced Science, Com- 
mercial Subjects, Drawing, Manual Training, etc., are relatively- 
small. (See tables No. 12 to 12-E and No. 12-N to 12-S in the 
ftext.) 



Our Boys 



159 



10% 0% 



■ Cities under 25000 
H Greater Ue« lorlc 
I Cities over 25000 
I tLsoes niider 5000 
I Villages over 5000 
I Snployed &rm boys 

I Cities under 25000 
I Flaoes under SOOO 
I Greater Htm xoA 
I Tillages over SOOO 
I Cities over 25000 
I finployed f aim boys 

i Sreater Hew York 
I Cities under 25000 
I Cities over 25000 
I Places uzider SOOO 
I Bi^iloyed f a rm boya 
I Tillages OTer SOOO 

B Greater Hew Toik 
I Cities OTer 25000 
I Bnployed farm b oys 
I Flades under SOOO 
i cities under 25000 
I Tillages over SOOO 



5tii aatss 
1 

2 
3 

4 
5 
6 
6tb aaiSE 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

7th SfiUffi 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 
8th GBiSS 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 



Best Liked 
0% lOji 



Greater Hew Yoifc 
Flaoes under SOOO 
Citla* under 2500C 
Cities OTer 25000 
jaq>loyed fans boys 
Tilla«eB OT«r 5000 

Places under 5000 
Tillages OTer 6000 
Cities OTer 25000 
Greater Bev Yoik 
Qqiloyed farm boys 
Oities under 2S000 

Tillages orer 5000 
Places under 5000 
Cities OTer 25000 
Greater Hew York 
Cities under 25000 
^^loyed farm boys 

Greater isew York 
Cities under 25000 
Cities OTer 25000 
Tillages OTsr 5000 
Places under 5000 
J!>q>loyed faiai boys 



1st rSLR HtOH SCHOOL 



^ Greater Sew Yortc 
I Bsployed fbrm boys 
I Cities orer 25000 

■ Villages OTer 5000 

■ Cities under 25000 
I Places under 5000 



1 Greater Haw Yoj* ^ 

2 Places under 5000 ^ 

3 Villages OTer 5000 U 

4 Cities OTer 25000 ^ 
6 Cities under 25000 ^ 
6 Ssployed fiaia boys ^ 



2d tBiil Hiaa SCHOOL 



■ Greater New York 
I Cities uzKler 25000 
I Cities OTer 85000 
I Tillages OT«r 5000 
I Bnployed f&im boys 
I Places under 5000 



1 Tillages OTer 500(J — 

2 Cities OTar 25000 — ^ 

3 Greater Hew York —^ 

4 Cities under 25000 ^ 

5 Places under 5000 ^ 

6 ai^loyed ftrta boys J 



3d YSAB HIGH SCHOOL 



■ Greater Hew Toxk 

p Tillages OTer SOOO 

I Places under 5000 

I Snployed f&rm boys 

I Cities OTer 25000 

Cities under 25000 



1 Cities orer 25000 — ^ 

2 Cities under 25000 ^^ 

3 Tillages OTer 5000 ^ 
* Greater Hew York ^ 
6 Anployed fans boys ^ 

6 Places under 5000 >l 



4th YSAB HIGH SCHOOL 



XOJl 



■1 Greater Sm York 
■ Cities under 25000 
■ Cities OTer 26000 
M Biployed fitna boya 
H Places under SOOO 
Tillages 0T«r 5000 
0» 



Greater Hew York ^ 
Cities OTer 25000 3 
Tillages OTer 5000 ^ 
Cities under 26000 3 
Bqployed ftm boys i 
Places under SOOO j 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Drawing 

Chart No. 12L, — State Summary for all Grades 



IGO 



Our Boys 



Least XiUoad 

Flacea under 5000 
^nployed faan boys 
Cities over 25000 
Tillages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Greater Hew Yoik 

ai5)loyod faim boys 
Places under 5000 
Villages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 
Greater Hew YoOc 

Ssployai faan boys 
Villages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 
flaoes under 5000 
Greater Hen Yoric 



Bnployed flELxn boys 
Villag«i over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 
Places under 5000 
Greater Haw York 



ELEMEHIAHr SCLEHCE 



^ 



61th aBiUS 

1 

z 

3 

4 
5 
6 
6th GBU3B 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7th GBADB 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
8th OHiLDE 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 



Best Liked 

Of, van 



ar«ater Hew York 
ai?)loyed fara boys 3 
Cities over 25000 P 
Cities under 25000 
Villages over 5000 
Places under 5000 

Places under 5000 
anployed fam boys p 
Greater Hew YoHc 
Cities under 25000 I 
Villages over 5000 
Cities over 25000 

Greater Hew Yortc 3 
Bq>l07ed farm boyi ] 
Places under 5000 
VillaieeB over 5000 |3 
Cities over 25000 
Cities under 25000 



Greater Hew Yoik 
Sqployed fam boyc 



ID 



Villages over 5000 p 
Places under 5000 
Cities over 25000 
Cities ualer 25000 t) 



let YfiiH HIGH SCHOOL 



Cities under 25000 1 

Villages over 5000 2 

Greater Hew York 3 

Cities over 25000 4 

Places tinder 5000 5 

ai^loyed farm boys 6 

2d YBAB Hlffl SCSOOL 



aiployed farm boys 
Places under 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Greater Sew York 
Villages over 5000 
Citlea over 25000 



Cities over 25000 
Greater Hew Yoric 
Villages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Places under 5000 
alloyed farm boys 



VllUgea over 5000 
Places uaier 5000 
ai^iloyed farm boys 
Greater Hew York 
Cities over 25000 
Cities under 25000 



3d TS&B HIGH SCHOOL 



Cities over 25000 
Places under 5000 
Greater Hew York 
Villages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
ai$>loyed faim boys 



Villages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Cities over 25000 
Bi^loyed fans boys 
Greater Hew YoiSc 
Places under 5000 



4th YEiH HIGH SCHOOL 



10% 0% 



Villages over 6000 
Cities over 25000 
Cities under 25000 
Greater Hew York 
Places under 5000 
ijnployed farm boys 



Tillages over 5000 
Cities under 25000 
Places under 5000 
anployed faim boys 
Cities over 25000 
Greater Hew Toric 



03t 10^ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Elementaby Science 

Grades 

Chart No. 12M. — State Summary for all 



Our Boys 



161 



^^-Finnnnr, nnnnnn flnnnn,. Hnnnn 



O lO o ^ 



o o >3 ir> 



© o "d "^ ® *M 



9 § 



tJ © ® tJ Vt 



■!-> a] <D (D <D 



4> O r-« 4> ca 
■r4 f4 'H •r4 rH 
O Ca >■ O Oi 



O 4^ <I> O 0) ® 

r-4 03 -r^ --( r-l O 

a« »-^ 4) 4^ 4* iH Ol 

SO >< w ^ ^ »H 

o o U O > fti 



o o o 






rt o J4 o o o 
o t4 o lO in 



A O Tl O t^ 











& 


■rt 


if 


CM 



O iH -t t-l 
d rH 4> Oi 



35 



CvJt0»*in«OXrHCNJt0Tl'in<O 

o o o >> t> 



n >( o o o 
>^ o »fl m 



>» *> o o 



B 



^ >4 ^ a> o 

O O O *C) Tl 

M o . g a 



> o o o p< 



O O "^ O XI *M 



s ii d 2 t 

o o > A, da 



lo o in c\l 



O "^ O O tJ *H 



c3 — -< r-( 



o o i§ 



1?^ 






.§■□ 



DDna 



ODD 



Qa 



8i2 



8 ?, 






ci X 

& s 



a 5 g 

O (1, cs 



CD (D CO BB ^ 
O 43 O <D O 



*^ ^ i-i s . . _ 

4> 4» Qi i-t O (d 



o aj r^ ^ ^ 



> CG P< o 



-H O 



o -H m 
(»< o u 






-e 



onn 



.-.(J 



rin .^ 






5 05 



O J3 O lO 

to m 

ff> rf f. >• 



5 d § ^ 



O I-- O -J 



OH- 



rH C\J (O <* lO 



o lo o u j3 in 



lo cj in o 



g 9 



& I 



® © © +* o 



r-l .H .^4 K 



iH oj to ^ in (0 



a e >, CO 



^ 5 



o tn ;h in o 

to W o in 

o 9 fc > >4 

Ti t3 to o o 

3 3 no 

2 2 « 60 ra 

S 5 S ^ 5 

0} 4» A <-l 4J 

rt ^ C ^ ^ 

A< O O > O 



«-* cj to ■<;i' m vO 



o o >» "d o o o 

Q O O to O O O 



^ fe E 



O -H -^ C5 r-i 

^ :: :j 2 ::3 

(1) o o o > 



:j^ 



^J to ■<!" 10 to 



^" o 

o o 






'^ S ;: 

13 ta ^- 



162 



Our Boys 



Least Advanced Science Best Least Comm 1 Subjects Best 

I 




\0% \0io 0% New York 0% \q% 

% Ictyr. H.S. 



Cities over 25,000 i 



I Istyr. H.S. 
I 2d " 
H 3«» " 
Bb 4-1(1 

Cities i;mder 

f 2d " 
8 3d " 
I 4th " " 



2 

b 



:5,000j 



fVillages over 5,000 



I 1«t yr. H. S. 
I 2d " " 

3d " 

4th " " 



I Places under 5,000 

t.tyr. H.S. ^ 
2d " " P 

3d " " 



4th 



h 



Cities over 25,000 

91 Istyr. H.S. ^ 
4th •• " "~^ 



Cities under 25,000 

I I Istyr. H.S. ^ 



I 



I 2d 
3d 
4th 



Ivillages over 5,000t 

I Irtyr.H.S. ;Z1 ! 
«2- •• •• Zit . 



3d 

4th 



f 



I 
I 
1 
I 
I 

I 
I 

I ( 

I Places under 5,000J 

I I Istyr. H.S. ^ J 

j «2d 

I 
I 



3d 
4th 



; Employed Farm Boys r ^ ^^pi^y^^ p^^^ Boy3 



{ Istyr. H.S 

i2d 

3d 
I 4th 






1 Istyr. H.S. 
I 2d " " 

3d " " 
4th " 



10^ 0% 



0% 10^ 10^ 0% 



p 

? 

a 

t 

Z3 

0% 10^ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year old Employed Boys 
Advanced Science and Commercial Subjects. 
Chart No. 12T. — Grade Summary for City, Village and Farm Groups 



Our Boys 16-1 

Music, physical training, etc., received little attention 

The percents of like and dislike for Music, Physical Training and 
some other subjects are so small as to make it impossible to show 
them either on the tables or charts. 

The likes and dislikes of American and foreign boys are about the same 
Charts No. 12-U to 12-Y inclusive, show a comparison between 

the likes and dislikes for Mathematics, Geography, English, History 

and Spelling in the case of 

American born boys with two American parents, 
American born boys with one American parent, 
American born boys with two foreign parents, 
Foreign born boys with two foreign parents. 

The comparison between the various parentage groups was made' 
for Greater New York and also for the other cities over 25,000 and 
shows conclusively that there is no marked difference in likes and 
dislikes for subjects in the case of American and foreign born boys^ 
On chart No. 12-Y dealing with English, in the third year of the 
high school for cities over 25,000, the relatively large like and dis- 
like for English in the case of the foreign born boys with foreign 
born parents is due to the fact that in that particular group there 
happened to be a very small number of boys as compared with tht- 
other gi-oups. Charts No. 12-U, 12-V, 12-W and 12-X tell the same 
story for Mathematics, History, Geography and S]:)elling. 

Similar studies were made for a number of the individual nation- 
ality gToups, however, no marked differences were discovered in 
likes and dislikes for the various subjects between the various nation- 
ality groups. 



164 



Our Boys 



0ITI23 OTSa 25,000 



i< i5 Xtrf^ ~» ^ "'" Lilcsa J-sast Llkod — io«»-xi»v,^ Bast Liied 

'■? °°f ">> 1°% "^ oisdo o;t wj zaj, za), vyf, eo^ a ojg ao^ lojt ojt am* o^ jjjS zojt go^t 48? s o; 
^^ ' -' " -' \j ? J ^ j^ /^ J ^\> A J I i : '>■'-'■'- ^ ■ 



- y^y.-^y^^^,>^A 




.^^ ^^// ^ .' ^//A i 




i : 




TzazzznzzTzzrcm 



^ZZZZZIZTIZZZZZ 





0^ lOy 20vi 



3(>,i 20;i io;{ o;J ojE lo,! a)?; 3c^ 4oj! so? 

^B Fori-iinl Un, l.ov< w.lli l»n r..,c,,-M |..r., 1- 



Siscieen, ^.erenieen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Mathematics 

Chart No. 12-1-'. — Grade Snmraary by Parentage Groups, Greater New York and 

Cities over 25,000 



Our Boys 



165 



r uRaTBB TSSS JOBS. 
EISTOffl 



! c 



Yn 



■1:^2 



I S2 



! iZH 






GBaDS 



Bast Llkod 
10^ 20% Z 



/ ////A \ 




1 ) > > ) ) >Xy 





^ 




^^'::=^ 




Least LUoBd 

C 



: iz^ 



; Ez: 



0IIIS3 OTBS 26,000 
EISTOS 



■ 
EZZ 




oJBun 



Best LiJcBd 
0^ 10^ 





10^ 0% a,i 10% 20fa xi-/> y^i^ 0^ 056 10/. 2056 

t r Amerirsn born leys with two American parents. ^^ American born boys with two foreign parents. 

airE .-'.vnerican born V'jys with one American parent, ^tm Foreign born boys with two foreign p.ircnts. 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Yeai- Old Employed Boys 

History 

Chart No. 12V. — Greater New York and Citie.s over 25,000 



16(> 



Our Boys 




^^ 


«i 








^5 


C oi 


















t 










'aft. 


S o 








o 


Xi o 






o 


H 


03 
Si 




o 




5 _•£ 


O 




IC 


^ 


«) '& 


cq 




CM 


O 


&> ,„ 


"« 




j_, 




-I 


Si 




> 




c ^ 


_o 




o 




fe c 


"a. 




ai 


« 


S c 


S 




0) 


I 




2 
o 




a 




<fe 


1 




ci 


o" 


i 1 




o 


03 


11 


s 




^ 






(1) 


< 


^ 


^o 


c c 


5 


c 


a> 


O 


o <u 


&i 


i 


;?; 


w 




f^ 






c c 


"e 




~2 




rt nl 


g 




oS 


';^ 


C 'CI 


e 




0) 


S 


S E 
<< 






1 




O (L» 


g 




K 


^^^ 


fe c 


i» 




is: 


S 


C o 
•S •£ 


=2 




OJ 




S '5 


g 




d 


^ 


w^ c/) 




^ 


o 


>» >^ 


O 








Ji 






t; 




c c 


J? 






'eft. 


2S 






O 


o 


n to 








^ 












CD Cl) 








ff^ 


F= P 









< <: 



^ 



Our Boys 



107 



MMt Mtod aPKLLIBO Bast Liked 



ClflEi OVEa 25.000 
Least LUcad SPSaJillKJ 



20ji Wi Oi , 




VZ2J. 



yzzk 



IZZ2 



ao:;! 105J 0/ 



O;? 10^ 20-^ 30)lf ^Vf, lOy O^/C 
r \ ! l 



> f ) )\ 



3 i 



ZZZZZZZ3; 



/* /' /^/1 



22 ! 



I E2:^2ZZ2ZZ: 



i Ezzz: 




Ezzz: 



EZZZ 
ll 



Oj^ IO5K 20J6 30;^ 20,i 10:^ 0)5 



Best Lllc<i 
055 10^ E 0^ 



ZZZ2 



ZIZZZI 



ZZZ 



oj5 10^ 2055 



Amcricnn born liojs wilh Iwo Amcric.in pnrcnU 
American born boys wilh one American parent. 



American born boys willi two fori-iRn paienls 
Foreign born boys wilh Iwo foreisn iMrcnts. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boi/s 

Spelling 
Chart No. 12X.— Greater New York and Cities over 25,000 



168 



OuK Boys 



^••t_llk5i 



onus OIU 26,000 

■Buaa 



40^ S Of, Z0% 10% 0^ VJL ' iojt" ^^ SOjS 4»; 3(^5 20^ 1^ ^ 05J 10S5 20:2 

f :' : .. . . ~ Gau)8 ; ■ 1 : • ' 1 ' I ^auja piZI! [ 



\// ^ ^;/; /'^y/'/' y 




// // ^//jj//// / / // / / 







'^mA// 1 



za 



Z^Z' 



y///\ 



■zziZTzn'. 



safi 



V^/?7^ 




\//->/^^/ ///^^ 



ZZ2L : I 



: I///////////////, 8 tZ2 ; 




ZZZZ3 ; 




r '"1 American born boys with Iwo Anicric.in pniTiii^. 

r/mv^M American bom boys with one American parent. 

tJ^^ American bom boys with iwo foreign parents. 

BBS Foreign bom boys with two foreign parents. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

English 

Chart No. 12-Y. — Greater New York and Cities over 25,000 



Our Boys !<;•) 

There is little correlation between likes and dislikes 

Chart No. 12-Z (see table No. 12-AA in the text) shows the 
correlation between best and least liked studies. 

Boys liking- Mathematics best like English least and boys who 
like English best like Mathematics least. 

Boys who like History best like English least, but boys who like 
History least do not like English best. 

Boys who like Geography best like English and Mathematics least 
and boys who dislike English and Mathematics most show a stronger 
like for geography than boys in other groups. 

However, these studies show in a crude way that there is really 
vei-^' little correlation betwee'U best and least liked studis. 



170 



OuE Boys 



a u - 

'A 

;3| g^ ^ 



s g-- 




I « 2.. 

Id h..... 



I 





s ^ i E I t i 5 

J y.' -1 iu Cj -) 'J < 



5 S 



3 s I M o 



H & 



S B Q -i CJ < 



OuK Boys 



171 



Sixteen, Seventeen' and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Best Liked Study 
Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Best Liked Study 
TABLE No. 12 — GREATER NEW YORK 

American and Foreign Combined 



LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 


1 


1 


>> 
S 

.2 

a 


M 
C 

'a 
a 




% 


O 


a 

z 
a 




i 


a 

B 

-a 

•< 


Total 
per 
cent 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 

6th 

7th 


43.1 
39 4 
35.3 
37.7 
36.8 
36.8 
38 
34.9 


15.4 
13.5 
10.6 
13.3 
15.6 
14.3 
15.0 
16.4 


10.7 
19.3 
25.9 
25.6 
15.9 
14 
11.5 
16.4 


2.1 
1.9 
3.2 
3.3 

2.8 
2.5 
2.7 
2.6 


10.0 

11.1 

9.5 
5.0 
2.1 

.8 


'""a 

6.3 
9.1 
11.2 
9.9 


14.2 
13.0 
12.8 
8.9 
5.2 
4.1 
10 
1.3 


2.6 
1.0 
1.2 
2.2 
3.9 
4.3 
3.5 
4.0 


""a 

4.8 
5.3 
9.3 
6.6 


1.9 
.8 
1.5 
3.2 
5.9 
6.4 
5.1 
5.3 


'"".7 
2.4 
2.7 
2.6 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


422 
1,219 
3,815 


8th 


7,431 


Ist high school 

2d high school 

3d fligh school 

4th high school 


1,392 
922 
374 
152 


Total 


5,857 


2,047 


3,586 


482 


942 


267 


1,479 


349 


192 


480 


46 




15,727 







TABLE No. 12-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 

American and Foreign Combined 





s 






M 






>, 




:2s 


>. c 


mS 




No. of 


LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 


a 




>> 

1 


•3 

!« i 

3 

a 
a 


c 

t 

03 


h3 


1 


a 

a 


£ J3 





1 
s 


^•5 

r 

< 


Total 
per 
cent 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


48.0 


10.2 


5.0 


1.1 


9.4 




23.9 


1.3 




1.1 




100.0 


540 


6th 


46.4 


6.5 


8.7 


.9 


11.4 




24.7 


1.1 




.3 




100.0 


2,108 


7th 


41,7 


6.6 


16.4 


1.1 


10.2 




22.2 


1.4 




.4 




100.0 


3,035 


8th 


42.0 


7.2 


27.2 


1.1 


6.7 


i 


12.2 


1.9 




1.5 




100.0 


4,274 


1st high school 


44.6 


10.1 


23.4 


1.1 


2.6 


1.9 


4.9 


3.2 


2.6 


5.2 


.4 


100.0 


1,629 


2d high school 


42.7 


15.1 


15.9 


1.6 


1.1 


3.3 


3.6 


4.6 


5.9 


5.? 


1.0 


100.0 


926 


3d high school 


45.1 


11.4 


13.4 


3.0 


1.0 


3.0 


.7 


6.0 


5.7 


7.7 


3.0 


100.0 


299 


4th high school 


40.4 


11.0 


16.4 


1.2 


1.2 


3.7 




2.4 


5.5 


9.7 


8.5 


100.0 


164 


Total 


5,620 


1,059 


2,470 


150 


950 


84 


1,961 


275 


126 


242 


38 




12,97s 



TABLE No. 12-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 
American and Foreign Combined 



LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 


1 

I 


"5) 




H 


■i 

•si 
3 "" 

a 
a 


1 

CO 


a 

B 
►J 


1 


Q 


r- 






S 
a " 

i 


I'i 

B 


Total 
per 

cent 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


46.7 
43.9 
42.4 
44.9 
40.5 
48.2 
38.1 
41.3 


10,6 
7.2 
5.7 
8.0 
13.5 
13.1 
12.2 
8.0 


7.7 
13.7 
19.3 
24.6 
20.0 
15.8 
14.5 
18.7 


.7 
.4 
.6 
9 

14 
.2 

1.5 


11,8 
9,3 
9.0 
6.3 
2.6 
.7 


2.9 
4.9 
6.1 
6.7 


20.9 
24.4 
21.6 
11.2 
4.7 
2.4 
2.3 


1.6 
.7 
1.0 
2.0 
3.0 
3.8 
4.6 
1.3 








100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


426 


8th . 


'3.7 
4.7 
6.1 
8.0 


.4 
.4 
1.3 
7.6 
4.9 
9.2 
12.0 


" .1 

1.3 
5.4 
4.0 


1 265 


7th 


1 598 


8th 


1 942 


1st high school 

2d high school 

3d high school 


858 
450 
131 

75 










Total 


2,946 


579 


1,268 


51 


460 


76 


1,013 


122 


67 


146 


17 




6,745 





172 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Best Liked Study 

Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Best Liked Study 

TABLE No. 12-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 

American and Foreign Combined 



LAST GRA.de 
COMPLETED 


"c3 


"5b 




M 

C 

03 


_g 

a 
xn 




1 
1 




2 

o 
O 


>. a 

a " 

1 
3 


ll 

a 

1 

< 


Total 
per 
cent 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


48. 8 
41.0 
39.fi 
39.8 
44.5 
48.8 
47.3 
45.9 


10.9 

6.8 
5.5 
7.4 
9.8 
8.1 
17.5 
4.2 


9.7 
16.9 
24..? 
31.4 
20.6 
17.8 

6.8 
20.8 


"ko 
1.1 

1.8 
2.0 


9.7 
9.7 
7.2 
4.5 
1.5 




20.1 

22.6 

19.0 

8.8 

4.2 

1.2 


.8 
1.6 
1.8 
1.7 
3.2 
7.2 
4.0 
2.1 








100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


248 


6th 






■■■i;2 

4.7 
5.2 
4.0 


.4 
1.2 
2.5 
5.9 
8.1 
9.5 
16.6 


■■,.1 


700 


7th 






918 


8th 


3 
3 
9 
6 


9 
6 
6 
5 


1 141 


Ist high school 

2d high school 


471 

248 


3d high school 

4th high school 


1.4 




74 
48 












Total 


1,614 


291 


879 


49 


216 


46 


506 


87 


52 


106 


2 




3,848 







TABLE No. 12-D — PLACES UNDER 5,000 
American and Foreign Combined 



LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 


i 

.a 


"m 

"a 

(3 


a 


1 


to 
.S 

1 

02 




>> 

a 


1 


"3 S 

<D 3 

a " 

a 

o 
O 


ll 


a 

T3.2 

r 

-a 


Total 
per 
cent 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


44.6 
42.5 
42.1 
44.1 
45.0 
43.0 
49.2 
43.6 


14.6 
8.5 
5.1 
5.9 
8.5 
9.0 
7.0 
7.3 


10.8 
16.7 
24.1 
29.4 
21.8 
.23.8 
20.9 
15.0 


.4 


8.2 

7.5 

7.3 

4.7 

2.2 

.4 

.5 






19.6 
20.8 
17.9 
10.0 
3.1 
2.1 
1.8 
1.3 


1.8 
1.8 
1.4 
1.2 
3.6 
2.9 
.5 
.8 








100.0 
100.0 
109.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


720 


6th 


1 
1 


3 
3 
6 


1 
5 
4 






3.2 
3.6 
3.3 
3.4 


1.9 
1.6 
2.5 
8.6 
7.7 
5.1 
10.3 


2.7 
4.7 
13.2 


1,989 


7th 

8th 


1 

3 

6 
4 


2 

9 

7 
5 

7 


2,734 
3 , 074 


1st hi^h school 

2d high school 

3d hi;-[< school 

4th high school 


1,233 
699 
215 

234 


Total 


4,748 


791 


2,483 




)9 


582 




)4 


1,410 


189 


114 


354 


74 




10.893 



TABLE No. 12-E — FARM BOY GROUP 
American and Foreign Combined 



LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 


"c3 

a 

-a 
"S 


1 
H 




3 
C 


tjj 


a 
m 


3 


S 
O 




aj 3 
S " 

a 
6 


3 «■ 

i 


g 
a 

ll 

i 

■a 
< 


Total 
per 

cent 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 

6th 


47.5 
49.9 
49.0 
47.9 
47.1 
51,6 
50.4 
51.0 


15.6 
6.7 
4.1 
3.8 
8.2 
6.1 
9.4 


8.0 
16.4 
22.0 
27.8 
23.4 
22.4 
20.5 
17.4 


.1 


9.6 
7.5 
6.9 
4.7 
2.0 
1.4 
1.7 
1.0 


2.7 
3.9 
2.3 
5.1 


16.8 
16.8 
15.6 
11.4 
3.8 
2.5 
1.1 
2.0 


1.0 
.7 
.5 
.9 

1.2 

1.4 
.6 

1.0 


'"".2 
1.4 
1.7 
1.7 
3.1 


1.5 
1.9 
1.8 
3.0 
9.8 
7.2 
7.0 
10.2 


1.4 
5.3 
9.2 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


97G 
2,449 


7th 


4.068 


8th . . 


4,061 


1st high school 

2d high school 


.3 

.4 


941 
511 

171 






98 








Total 


6,459 


763 


2,887 




13 


782 


67 


1,726 


106 


38 


408 


26 




13,275 







Our Boys 



173 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Least Liked Study 

Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Least Liked Study 

TABLE No. 12-N — GREATER NEW YORK 

A merican and Foreign Combined 



Last Grade 
Completed 


-g 






a 

'S 

_ "5 

3 
a 


C 


1 


>> 

o 


bO 

C 

'? 

d 

Q 


s 

o 

O 


>> a 

P 

1 

s 


e 

11 

a 

-a 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


26.0 
26.5 
23.7 
20,3 
23.2 
21.6 
21.0 
20.1 


30.5 
30.9 
41.4 
44.7 
31.8 
27.6 
22.8 
19.5 


5.6 
7.7 
7.3 
7.0 
6.0 
5.4 
7.4 
6,2 




16.7 
11.1 
8.2 
4.9 
2.3 
1.6 
.3 


'.z 

2.5 
15.4 
27.4 
33.5 
32.7 


18.2 
21.5 
10.5 
13.9 
7.6 
4.0 
3.1 
2.8 


1.8 
1,3 
1.3 

4^6 
3.4 
3.1 
6.9 


■■.1 
.8 
.9 
.S 
.7 


1.2 
.6 
1.0 
2.0 
7.0 

e.4 

G.O 
6.9 


' 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

no.c 

100.0 


396 


6th 


1 


4 

3 
5 

8 
8 
3 
4 


2 


5 
9 
8 
8 


1 162 


-th 


3,658 


8th 

1st high school 

2d high school 

3d high school 

4th high school 


6,971 

1.291 

^72 

352 

144 


Total 


3,285 


5,S57 


1,026 


74 


880 


796 


2,040 


403 


27 


412 


46 




M,c40 





TABLE No. 12-0 — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American and Foreign Combined 



Last Grade 
Completed 



5th 
6th 
7th 
8th 
1st 
2d 



igh school. 

igh school, 
.'d ! igh school. 
4th high school. 



Total. 



23.2 
20.2 
21.5 
19.3 
23.3 
21 2 
HO 
13.8 



!,515 



21.3 
29.1 
33.4 
43.0 
37.3 
37.9 
37.1 
31.8 



4,432 



2.7 
5.3 
8.3 
8.3 
7.0 
5.6 
7.2 
4.8 

877 



17.8 
15.1 
11.2 
10.3 
6.7 
3.6 
1.8 
2.1 



1,272 



.5 

1.2 

8.8 

17.5 

27.7 

31.0 



474 



1,903 



9 









6 




3 




6 




2 




1 


2 



.1 

1.0 

1.2 

.3 



3.9 
3.2 
3.2 
4.1 
6.5 
7.0 
7.6 
8.9 



Total 
per 
cent 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



Num- 

11, r J 
.;ards 
tab.i- 
1.1 ted 



SIS 
1,990 
2,889 

4, on 

1,533 

859 
278 
145 



l..',233 



TABLE No. 12-P — CITIES UNDER 25,000 
American and Foreign Combined 



Last Grade 
Completed 


s 

'a 
2 


ja 

to 
a 


p 
.2 

w 


f 


60 

g 


1 
1 


p. 

a 

s 

o 


a 

Q 


e 

o 
O 


>> a 

|l 

i 


a 

T3.S 

> 
<1 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 

6th 


20.5 

23.7 
20.8 
18.3 
25.0 
23.6 
24.0 
23.5 


23.5 

28.7 
36.0 
41.6 
33.0 
29.3 
32.0 
23.6 


5.6 
6.3 
9.0 
8.2 
4.7 
8.1 
8.0 
5.6 




2 
1 

1 

2 


17.4 
12.8 
12.8 
11.3 
6.1 
3.9 
.8 
1.4 


'2.1 
13.7 
23.1 
29.6 
32.0 


26.6 
22.1 
15.6 
11.2 
4.1 
2.8 


2.6 
1.9 
1.3 
.8 
1.0 
1.8 

'4.2 




5 
5 


3.6 
4.5 
4.4 
5.9 
10.8 
5.5 
4.0 
8.3 


LO 
1.2 
1.6 
1.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


414 

1,229 

1,554 

1,871 

823 

433 

125 

72 


7th 


8th 


1st high school 

2d high school 

3d high school 

4th high school 


Total 


1,397 


2,243 


483 


4 


708 


324 


879 


90 


6 


371 


16 




6,521 













174 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Least Liked Study 

Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Least Liked Study 

TABLE No. 12-Q — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 

American and Foreign Combined 



Last Grade 
Completed 




•to 

a 


1 


C3 
Si 

a 


H 


.S 
1 


►J 


.a 

6 




a S 

o 
O 


b i 

I'i 
I 

3 


T3. 

i 

> 

■a 


5 

i 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th • . 


21.9 

20.6 
20.1 
20.3 
22.4 
20.3 
22.6 
12.5 


27.5 
27.3 
34.8 
40.1 
34.8 
32.8 
35.3 
20.7 


6.0 

7.5 
9.6 
7.8 
7.7 
11.7 
8.4 
6.3 




10.3 
10.9 
10.8 
8.7 
4.0 
1.7 
1.4 


'4:6 

14,2 
20.2 
23.9 
43.7 


29.6 
26.7 
18.0 
19.7 
5.3 
3.4 


.8 
1.2 
.7 
.6 
1.3 
1.3 
2.8 




3.9 
5.8 
6.0 
6.7 
9.1 
6.0 
5.6 
14.7 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
103.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


233 


6th 




1 

2 


1 

2 


4 
6 

7 

i 




4 
9 


667 


7th 


880 


8th 


1,086 


1st high school 

2d high school 

3d high school 

4th high schoo 


452 

232 

71 

48 


Total 


755 


1,255 


305 


2 


310 


199 


553 


34 


12 


240 


4 




3,669 







TABLE No. 12-R — PLACES UNDER 5,000 
American and Foreign Combined 





.2 






.1 








1- 


1 


g 


a 




Num- 


Last Gbade 
Completed 


IS 


J3 

"bb 
C 


S 






1 


J3 

a, 
1 

6 


Drawing 
Commerci 


3 


i 


> 
-0 


Total 
per 
cent 


ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


24.2 
20.9 
22.6 


19.3 
25.9 
36.3 


6.5 
7.0 
10.0 




14.9 
13.5 
12.3 


'".6 


28.2 
23.0 
14.4 


1.0 .. 
1.3 
.9 .. 




5.9 
8.4 
2.9 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


636 


6th 










1,95.3 


7th 


2,078 


8th 


20.6 
22.8 


42.5 
32.3 


8.8 
4.7 




2 


9.9 
5.5 


4.6 
22.7 


8.6 
3.7 


.9 

.7 


7 


3.8 
5.0 


i 


7 


100.0 
100.0 


2,955 


1st high school 


1,186 


2d nigh school 


20.4 


27.5 


8.4 




1 


3.3 


30.3 


1.9 


.9 


5 


5.1 


1 


6 


109.0 


656 


3d high school 


17.4 


21.7 


6.6 






1.9 


42.1 


.9 


.9 




6.6 


1 


9 


100.0 


212 


4th high school 


12.8 


26.4 


3.1 






3.1 


43.1 


1.3 


1.3 


9 


5.3 


2 


7 


100.0 


227 


Total 


2,259 


3,537 


842 


5 


1,084 


810 


1,345 


102 ; 


!1 


513 


42 




10,560 



TABLE No. 12-S — EMPLOYED FARM BOYS 
American and Foreign Combined 





3 






Manual 

training 

Spelling 








„ 


V 


>i c 




P 




Num- 


Last Grade 
Completed 


03 


1 


B 


1 
a 


"1 

1 



C 


It 
S " 

i 



i 


"g'i 

c 

IS 

T3 
< 


Total 
per 
cent 


ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


26.0 
18.8 
15.2 
13.6 
19.2 


21.6 
25.8 
37.3 
44.7 
36.9 


5.3 

8.5 
12.4 
8.8 
6.2 


... 14.1 
... 14.5 
... 12.6 
... 11.7 
6.9 


2.5 
19.4 


26.9 
22.1 
13.8 
9.3 
4.8 


.7 

.9 

.9 

1.1 

1.9 




5.4 
9.4 
7.7 
7.3 
3.9 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


977 


6th 




3 




5 


2,475 


7th 


4,017 


8th 


3,989 


1st high school 


917 


2d high school 


18.1 


36.5 


6.6 


3.8 


27.7 


1.4 


1.2 




2 


4.1 




4 


100.0 


496 


3d high school 


19.2 


31.5 


6.8 


1.8 


35.2 


1.2 


.6 






3.7 






100.0 


162 


4th high school 


14.4 


33.0 


7.2 


2,1 


36.1 


1.0 


2.1 






3.1 


1 





100.0 


97 


Total 


2,183 


4,733 


1,258 


... 1,558 


513 


1,787 


133 




4 


953 




8 




13,130 



Our Boys 



175 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boi/s 

Correlation Between the Best and Least Liked Studies 

TABLE NO. 12-AA — GREATER NEW YORK 

American and Foreign Combined 











LEAST 


LIKED 


STUDY 














g 

e2 


■o 


Best Liked 
Study 


i 






>> 

a 


M 
1 

CO 


C 

'S 
'a 

^^ 
3 
P 


a 

c 
1 

3 


bD 

'S 
2 
Q 


1 

c 

2 






c 
■ac/3 
c 

n 

-a 

<; 


s 

d 
Z 


Mathematics 

History 

pHglish 

_eography 

c,'elling 

lyaniwl training 

l-ementary science. 


28^1 
48.5 
38.2 
40.4 
25.5 
25.2 
28.3 
40.7 
25.0 
19.2 


9.8 

11.2 
7.2 
7.3 
5.6 
5.3 
6.5 
5.4 
8.8 
8.8 


49 4 
46.7 

40^6 
30.1 
39.7 
39.5 
35.0 
23.2 
28.3 
32.8 


18.2 
11.2 
15,8 

20^6 
11.9 
6.6 
6.2 
4.4 
4.6 
6.4 


8.4 
5.0 
4.2 

7.7 

5.8 
1.4 
3.6 
2.4 
1.9 
1.6 


.3 
.3 
1.4 
.3 
.1 

" .9 

1.7 

.3 

1.5 

.8 


2.4 
2.0 
3.6 
1.6 

.7 
3.7 

'3'4 
11.8 
5.8 

4.8 


3.3 
2.3 
4.3 
1.6 
.9 
1.6 
3.9 

5.4 
3.2 


7.3 

3.8 

8.3 

1.6 

.4 

5.8 

16.7 

14.0 

i7.2 
21.6 


1 


3 
3 
6 

2 

8 
7 

8 


.6 

.3 

2.1 

.5 

.1 

2 

,'5 

.5 

3.0 

1.5 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


5,967 

3,620 

2,063 

1,458 

968 

486 

437 

357 


language 

ommercial subjects 
advanced science. . . 


297 
261 
125 


Total 




























16,039 











BEST 


LIKED 


STUDY 














-a 






















m 


J3 


Least Liked 
Study 


J 




J3 


>> 

t 

1 





.s 

'3 
2 

C3 

a 
c 

1 


a 


Q 


c 
5 


a 
a 

a 


a 

> 
■n 


1 


-0 
d 


Mathematics 

History 

English 


52^0 
47.6 
50.1 
53.2 
21.5 
40.1 
42.0 
43.8 
30.7 
31.0 


28.8 

27^3 
18.8 
19.2 
15.2 
16.5 
18.3 
13.6 
24.5 
10.3 


28.5 
20.7 

15.3 
9.2 
35.5 
17.0 
19.0 
17.4 
24.5 
36.2 


15.9 
10.3 
9.5 

i2J 
6.3 
5.2 
5.0 
2.3 

6'0 


11.2 

6.2 
4.7 
9.1 

'i.'3 

1.6 

1.9 

.4 

■■.■9 


3.5 
2.4 
3.1 
2.7 
3.0 

'4'i 
1.7 
2.8 
2.0 
.9 


3.1 
2.0 
2.8 
1.4 
.6 
5.0 

'3^7 
7.4 

'i!7 


2.9 
2.0 
2.0 
1.0 

12 
7 6 

2.7 

5^0 
6,1 
1,7 


3.5 
1,4 
1,1 
,6 
.8 
1.3 
8.0 
4.5 

16.2 

7.8 


1.9 
2.0 
1.2 

.6 
,5 
5,0 
3,4 
3.0 
4.6 

'3.5 


.7 

1.0 

,7 

,4 

,2 

1,3 

1.4 

,9 

2.7 

2,0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


3,508 
1,121 
6,193 


Geo^aphy 


2,136 
940 


Manual training 

Elementary science . 
Drawing 


79 
442 
464 
991 


Commercial subjects 
Advanced science . . . 


49 
116 


Total 


























16,039 



17G 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER XIII 
Money Earned While in School 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Boys Who Earned Money While in School 
TABLE No. 13 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 











1 


o' 
J3 






l§ 
















































o 


o 

60 






si 




S 




03 


■s 


GROUPS 








"S 


<^ s, 




Ui 


-C O 




c 




&^ 


o 










h o 




>> 


a 


a <u 






« § 






o 


CD 

O 


u 
o 

o 
a 


ffl 


la 


"3 
Q 


p. 

"o 
m 


2 f^ 


S 
1 


1 




It 


O 


( ireatcr Nev/ York. , . . 


.5 


5.0 


.5 


<; 


5.4 




2.8 




1.0 


1.6 


.9 


82.1 


100.0 


Clities over 25,0G0 


1.5 


5.4 


.6 


.1 


4.9 


i.i 


11.1 


.i 


l.ii 


4.4 


3.2 


66.5 


100.0 


Cities under 25,000. . . . 


1 .(; 


8.;-i 


1.0 


.1 


5.6 


1.7 


8.4 


.1 


2.2 


6.4 


5.1 


60.2 


100.0 


Villages over 5,000. . . . 


.8 


7.0 


.7 




4.4 


1.0 


7.0 


.1 


2.8 


5.8 


7.4 


63.5 


100.0 


Places under 5,000 


.5 


5.1 


.8 


.1 


a . / 


.8 


4.1: 


.2 


5.0 


8.8 


5.5 


65.3 


100.0 



Over eig-hty percent of the boys in New York city earned no money 
Vv'hiie attending school 
Chart JSTo. 13 and table 'No. 13 in the text, show that over eighty- 
two percent of the boys of Greater ISTew York did not earn any money 
while attending school as compared with from sixty to sixty-six per 
cent in the other communities of the State. Forty percent of the 
boys in the cities under 25,000 reported that they earned money 
while in school. This question was not asked of the farm boys, 
most of whom do a large amount of chore work before and after 
school and for which they receive no cash payments. Many farm 
boys, however, did earn considerable money while in school by cul- 
tivating small portions of the farm which had been assigned to 
them by their parents. The opportunities for working at odd jobs 
before and after school hours are much greater in the smaller com- 
munities than in New York City. Working in stores, running- 
errands and selling papers are the three leading pursuits of school- 
boys. In small communities a boy working after school hours 
can do a large share of the delivery work for a store while the 
volume of business in the larger cities is so great as to require 
a full time employe. Golf caddying in the vicinity of country 
clubs is very popular as an after-school occupation. The fact that 
boys cannot earn much money while attending school in Greater 



Our Boys 177 

New York may be a factor in causing them to leave school for 
regular employment at the end of the eighth grade, while in the 
smaller communities the fact that the boy can earn some money 
for his own use and still attend school may in a measure lessen 
his desire to leave school. Charts No. 13, 13-A and 13-B (see 
tables No. 13-A, 13-B and 13-C in the appendix), show the percent 
of boys earning money in the individual cities and villages of the 
State. The tables show the percent working in offices, stores, 
factories and elsewhere, while the charts show only the percent 
earning and not earning money. There is a wide variation between 
the different cities and villages, due most likely to the fact that oppor- 
tunities for school-boy employment depend largely on the type of 
industries in the different localities. For instance, in the fruit 
country during the picking season, in communities raising large 
amounts of nursery stock, and communities v/ith large areas dc v'oted 
to truck gardening, there is a variety of seasonal employment entirely 
lacking in the large cities. The selling of newspapers in Greater 
New York is mostly in the hands of regiilar full-time employes 
while in the smaller communities, the delivery of newspapers is 
handled almost entirely by school boys. J^fjyisely. directed, and care- 
fully supervised so as not to interfere with regular school work 
boys over twelve years of age can, without doubt, earn considerable 
money and at the same time get a great deal of valuable training by 
being employed for one or two hours a day while not attending; 
hchool. 



178 



Our Boys 



ar«ater Saw Toxk.... 
OltiM ov«7 25,000.. 
Oitlea mdar 25,000. 



Sid Mot •&» ooaagr 

»% 10% 20% 30% 



Tillages OT«? 5,000. fl 
flaees luider 5,000.. I 



1 Bow York 4 

Z Saw ^cihelle..*.«l 
Z YoiifeeFS .*! 



4 Buffalo.. fl 

5 Slagara falls. ...fl 

6 Misterdam.....*..^ 

7 Kingstoo..*. fl 

• j^otiitt Vernon. . . . . B 
9 Albany U 



10 aodbester B 

XI foa^iIceepsie.....B 

IB Sdhanectactjr. B 

12 Xroy B 



14 Jamostown....*.*.! 

15 Howbof^. 1 

16 Otloa.. I 

17 Syraoxise. ........ B 



18 Vatertowi........! 

19 AiJbiusu •.! 

20 Slmire J 



21 Blnghamton.. B 

22 Osvego •■ 

0% 



4»% 50% '-M% 



L, 



_70% 80% 90% 



Oitiea over 25,000 



10% 20% 



50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 



30% 40% 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Boys Who Eakned Money While in School 
Chart No. 13. — State Summary and Cities over 2.5,000 



Our Boys 




1 Lao^awazuia 

2 Ihlte Plains 

3 Plattabvuig 

4 loziawanda 4 

5 Watervliet 

6 JXuklrk. 

7 lorth Tonawanda. . 
9 Ssacon, 
9 Olean 

10 Llttl9 Valla 

11 Cohoea 

12 Onolda 

13 Port Jepvls 

14 Medhaaicville.... 

15 Coming 

16 BDS19 

17 Talton... 

18 Oneonta 

19 Sfeassclasr 

20 Salamanca 

21 Ogdensturg A 

22 Homell 

23 £ata7ia..| 

24 iiOokport 

25 Hudson 

26 Middlatovm 

27 Saratoga Sprin^js. 

28 Johnstonn Q 

29 Ithaca 

30 Canandaigua 

31 Cortland 

32 Horwioh 
S3 OlenB falls 
34 Geneva 
36 OloversTills 
36 Olen Co-re 



mxteen, tSereniecn aixl Eighteen Yenr Old Eniploiierl ISoi/s 

Boys Who Earned Money While in School 

Chart No. 13-A.— Cities under 2[5,000 



180 



Our Boys 



lamad moaay j 

iO% 90% 1097i, 



1 9«!psv««««.« 

2 Satohogae». 
5 Hasseoaco. 

4 Bmap8te&dL,m 

5 Albion 

6 Port Washington. 

7 aorth Tarrytowa. 

8 Hooslolc ^ll3*«« 

9 BjcJcvllle Center. 

10 Hastings 

11 Ossining 

12 Kndlcott 

13 Lancaster 

14 Havers t raw. 

15 Port Chaster 

16 Tarry town^ 

17 Predonla 

18 Whitatoll 

19 Sol'Tay. 

30 Johnson City.. 

21 Waterford 

22 Malone 

23 Hantingtoa 

24 Wellsvilla 

25 Hudson S&lls 

26 OatsMlL.o. 

27 PaeicsJd.ll... 

28 Waldsn«. 

29 Hawai*:,. 
50 I^iivrsnae 

31 Pann Yan. ....... J5 

32 llion... 

33 Hsrlciner. 
S4 Preeport, 

35 Saranac Ijake. .. 

36 UacQ^ronso^. 

37 Waver ly »• 

36 Medina ..B 

39 Hysoli:. ......... . 

40 Sencoa ]?^ll8.... 

41 Ovego...*..*.... 




Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Boys Who Earned Money While in School 

Chart No. 13-B.— Villages over 5,000 



Our Boys 



181 



CHAPTER XIV 
Night School Enrollment 

Less than ten percent attend night school 

Chart ^o. 14 and table No. 14 in the text show that the night 
school enrollment of boys of these ages varies from ten percent in 
Greater 'New York to less than five percent in the smaller cities and 
villages. Night schools, however, are not maintained in all the 
smaller cities and villages, which lowers the record for these groups. 
Where night schools are maintained between twenty and thirty 
percent of the boys expressed a desire to attend. These desires were 
probably not very strong in most cases and it is quite likely were 
expressed in some instances to make a favorable impression on the 
teacher recording the answers. In general night schools are at- 
tended largely by men and older boys. 

Sixteen, Seventeen cuv] Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Night School 
TABLE No. 14 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 







Attend.^xce 






GROUPS 


Attends 


Would 
attend 


Would not 
attend 


Total 
percent 




10.0 
10.2 
4.4 
3.0 
1.0 


30.6 
21.5 
23.5 
37.5 
53.5 


59.4 
68.3 
72.1 
59.5 
45.5 


100.0 


Cities over 25,000 


100.0 


Cities under 25,000 


100.0 
100.0 


Places under 5,000 


100.0 



Over sixty percent do not wis.h to attend night school 

Altho these answers were recorded by teachers to whom boys 
might be expected to give as favorable an answer as possible to this 
question, yet the majority of these boys were frank to state that they 
had no desire to attend night school. Personal interviews with some 
ten thousand of these boys made by the inspectors of the bureau 
making this survey disclosed this same attitude on the part of these 
boys toward any form of schooling which calls them back to school- 
houses, school books and school shops. Boys of these ages seem to 
have a feeling that schools are for " kids " while they are " men " 
and too old for such things. Until they experience a desire for 
further schooling, which a wise counselor might awaken, additional 
schooling will have to be compulsory and can well be likened to 
" forced feeding-." 



182 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
I^iGiTT School Attendance of Foreign Born Boys 

TABLE No. 14- A— CITIES OVER 25,000 INCLUDING GREATER 

NEW YORK 



nationality 


Attendance 


Total 
percent 


Total 
number 


Attends 


Would 
attend 


Would not 
attend 


of 
cards 




2.8 
4.6 
2.5 
1.9 
2.6 
2.5 
3.6 
3.1 
1.1 
.6 


34.8 
32.3 
30.5 
26.2 
34.0 
28.6 
18.6 
31.4 
28.7 
30.7 


62.4 
63.1 
67.0 
71.9 
63.4 
68.9 
77.8 
65.5 
70,2 
68.7 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


12 850 




5 076 




4 078 


Polish 

English 

German 


1,836 

1,283 

967 

359 


Scotch 


408 
845 


Scandinavian 


439 


Total 


2.9 


33.1 


64.0 


100.0 


28,141 



Few foreign born boys attend night school 

Chart No. 14 and table No. 14-A in the text show the night school 
enrollment of the ten largest nationality groups represented by the 
boys of the cities over 25,00'0 population, including Greater New 
York. Their records vary from 4.6 percent in the Italian group 
to less than one percent for the Scandinavians, the average for th-3 
whole group being 2.9 percent. Their expressed desire to attend is 
a little higher than that of boys in general in the individual cities 
over 25,000, as is shown on chart No. 14 and tables No. 14-A in 
the text and 14-B in the appendix. 
Night schools in some cities cannot accommodate applicants 

In some cities, such as Rochester, where over twenty percent of 
the boys are enrolled in the night schools, there are not sufficient 
facilities to care for all who applied for admission. It is, however, 
very significant and important to note that in this same city sixty- 
four percent of the boys stated that they had no desire to attend. 
Lackawanna and Depew have remarkable records for night school 
attendance, but as in the case of Rochester between 64 and 67.4 
percent state that they do not wish to attend. In each of the above 
instances, the percent of those expressing a desire to attend has 
been decreased rather than the percent of those unwilling to attend. 
These records all go to support the contention that the majority of 
boys of these ages have no desire for further schooling. 



Our Boys 183 

Short unit courses are needed for employed boys 

That there is a definite need for short unit courses was brought to 
light by the personal interviews with thousands of these boys 
made by the inspectors of this bureau in the course of the sur- 
vey. Long, indefinite courses in arithmetic, mechanical draw- 
ing, auto mechanics and kindred subjects do not appeal to boys or 
for that matter to many men. A short course successfully covered 
is a great incentive to further effort which cannot be said of long, 
drawn-out, indefinite courses in night schools or part-time schools. 

The outstanding fact in regard to night school attendance of boys 
of these ages is that the majority of them have no desire for further 
schooling. It is possible to create a desire for further schooling 
thru proper guidance and counsel and the offering of popular short 
courses. 



S4 



Or 



iA)\ti 



XttemUng 



0r«ater Bsw Toife....P' 
Oitiso over 25,000. .|| 

Cities xei&ar £G,0OO.S 

Tlllasee cvsr 5«0O0.B 

Pl&oss liMer 6,000, J 



1 Italian. 

2 Irlslv,. ■ 

S Ssotoli. •..•<>•... •9 

5 BngllBh......... ji 

6 iaatia-'daas^rlaaJSl 

7 SoimEia. .....B 

3 relioh, MyaxE.jils.M 

3 CBnactlano . c . . . • 

10 SoaodlnaTlan. . . . >&. 

1 3Dohseter.. ..<... 
Z ^mnnxsiu. „..,... 
S Honut 7a7iicn>..< 

4 SsT Toric 

5 ToniCQrao.o-"..- 
< £affslo...o..... 

7 Blaga^m S&lla..< 

8 Sohonectaiiy..... 
S Eov Bishslle. . . ■ 

11 Elnlza..... 

12 iinborx... -. 

l-Ci DtlSK... 

15 JbhxSjBBtO^AUc.*.*. ' 
U ElBgStOC........ 

17 i^iracio&o. •>...• 
J4 Slad^bas^iu....! 
29 G39(^,.... A 

to aF07<ic........o.4B 

21 Foojihtoepsl*- 

22 V&tertmm. c . < 




Foreign Boys and Parents 
Greater Hew Yoi6c and Oltles OTar 25,000 





50% 



0% io% 20% 30% 40% i»%^ 00% 70% U% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Yea)- Old Emploijed Boys 
XiGHT School Enrollmeist 
Chart No. 14. — State Summary, Cities over 25,000 and Ten JSTationality 

Oroups 



Our Boys 



185 




(.■till 



mil 



II 




cq 



::> J S 

c >-l S 
^ O 

.=; o I 

•2^§ '• 

® K 6 

? s 




««*«.«.s.o.ajjrjj3;3aj;jj,ojggjjjjjjjjjjj.jjjjgg„gg^g 



186 



Our Boys 





« W 6 
^ <i ^ 



Our Boys 187 



CHAPTER XV 
Beginning Weekly Wage 

Boys begin working for smaller wages in Greater New York 

The wages of boys during this period were of course exceedingly 
high because of the influence of the World War. The wage given 
as $6.00 means wages from $4.50 to $7.49, inclusive, $9.00 means 
from $7.50 to $10.49, inclusive, etc. It is interesting to note that th:' 
beginning wages of the boys were lower in New York City than in 
any of the other groups. Chart ISTo. 15 and tables Ko. 15 and 15-D, 
in the text, show that twenty-five percent of the boys of Greater 
JSTew York started to work for $6,00 or less per week, fifty percent 
for $8.55 or less per week and seventy-five percent of the boys for 
$12.45 or less per week. The middle fifty percent of the boys from 
Greater New York received from $6.00 to $12.45 per week. In 
the cities over 25,000, twenty-five percent of the boys began work 
for $6.75 or less per week, fifty percent for $10.20 or less per v/eek 
and seventy-five percent of the boys for $15.45 or less per week. In 
cities under 25,000, twenty-five percent of the boys began work 
for $6.90 or less per week, fifty percent for $10.80 or less per week 
and seventy-five percent of the boys for $15.50 or less per week. 
In the villages over 5,000, twenty-five percent of the boys began 
work for $7.20 or less per week, fifty percent for $11.25 or less 
per week and seventy-five percent of the boys for $16.20 or less 
per week. The middle fifty percent of the boys from Greater New 
York received from $6.00 to $12.45 per week, as contrasted with 
from $7.20 to $16.20 per week in the villages over 5,000 population. 

It is difiicult to tell just why the beginning weekly wages of boys 
should increase as the population of the group grows less, but the 
returns received from the boys show this to be true. It may have 
been due to the fact that large numbers of the older men and boys 
were attracted to the cities to work in the war industries and that 
the scarcity of labor in the smaller cities increased the demand for 
boy labor. Tables Nos. 15-A, 15-B and 15-C, in the appendix, 
give the wages for boys in the individual cities and villages of the 
State and will be valual)Ie for reference in future years. 



188 



Our Boys 



Si'Xteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Beginning Weekly Wage 

TABLE No. 15 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 



$3 



$12 



$15 



$18 



$21 



$24 



$27 



Total 
per- 
cent 



Greater New York . 
Cities over 25,000 . . 
Cities under 25,000. 
Villages over 5,000 . 



8.9 
7.9 
8.8 
7.2 



32.2 
23.7 
20.1 
18.8 



25.1 
20.3 
19.5 
19.8 



13.5 
13.9 
15.6 
17.0 



11.2 
14.1 
14.3 
13.5 



8.4 
10.6 
10.5 



2.3 
5.4 

5.5 
6.4 



1.1 
3.3 
3.7 
4.0 



1.9 
1.2 
1.8 



.7 
1.1 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



Note : $6 means from §4.50 to $7.49 ; $9 means from $7.50 to $10.49, etc. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Beginning Weekly Wages of the Twenty-five Percentile, 

Median and Seventy-five Percentile Boys 

TABLE No. 15-D — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


25 Percentile 


Median 


75 Percentile 


Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 


$6.00 
6.75 
6.90 
7.20 


$8.50 
10.20 
10.80 
11.25 


$12.45 
15.45 


Cities under 25,000 


15.90 
16.20 







Our Boys 



]8U 



4 S 

« 



.— I 



^ '2 




lllll 



o o 
o o o 
o o o 

> n o 

in u) • 



8 h 

si 



•H .ri ■-< O 



S S S 



^ .H ^ ^ r-t 



190 Our Boys 



CHAPTER XVI 
Present Weekly Wage 

Boys wages were smallest in Greater New York 

Chart ^o. 16 and tables No. 16 and 16-D, in the text, give the 
present weekly wages for the city and village groups as of Decem- 
ber 3, 1918. The wage given as $6.00 means wages from $4.50 
to $7.49, inclusive; $9.00 means from $7.50 to $10.49, inclusive, 
etc. As in the case of the beginning weekly wages, the wages paid 
in ]Srew York City were smaller than those in other communities 
of the State. The most plausible explanation for this seems to be 
that given in the preceding chapter, namely, that older men and 
boys were drawn from the smaller communities to the larger cities 
by the demand for labor in the war industries and the younger 
boys who could not leave home so readily were in greater demand in 
the smaller communities. Twen<ty-five percent of the boys in 
Greater Xew York received $12.30 or less per week; in the cities 
over 25,000 they received $13.20 or less per week; in the cities 
under 25,000 they received $13.86 or less per week, and in the vil- 
lages over 5,000 they received $14.25 or less per week. Fifty per- 
cent of the boys of Greater New York received $15.30 or less per 
week; in the cities over 25,000 they received $14.10' or less per 
week; in the cities under 25,000 they received $18.10 or less per 
week, and in the villages over 5,000 they received $17.25 or less 
per week. Seventy-five percent of the boys in Greater New York 
received $18.'9I0 or less per week; in the cities over 25,0'00 they 
received $18.45 or less per week; in the cities under 25,000' they 
received $24.90' or less per week, and in the villages over 5,000 
they received $21.30 or less per week. The middle fifty percent of 
the boys in Greater New York received from $12.50 to $18.90 per 
week; in the cities over 25,000 from $13.20 to $18.45 per week; in 
the cities under 25,000 from $13.86 to $24.90 per week, and in 
the villages over 5,000 from $14.25 to $21.30. Tables No. 16-A, 
16-B and 16-C, in the appendix, give the wages of the boys for the 
individual cities and villages of the State and will be useful for 
comparison in future years. 



Our Boys 



lai 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Present Weekly Wage 

TABLE No. 16 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


$3 


$6 


$9 


$12 


815 


$18 


$21 


$24 


$27 


$30 + 


Total 
per- 
cent 




.3 
.9 

.7 
.9 


1.1 
2.8 
3.1 
2.6 


11.4 
9.7 
7.9 
8.9 


20.3 
12.6 
10.9 
12.1 


28.4 
20.6 
17.2 
19.8 


17.1 
17.2 
19.0 
20.5 


9.9 
14.4 
15.3 
15.9 


6.0 
11.0 
11.4 

9.2 


1.7 
8.2 
10.2 
7.1 


3.8 
2.6 
4.3 
3.0 


100.0 


Cities over 25,000 


100.0 


Cities under 25,000 


100.0 


Villages over 5,000 


100.0 







Note : $6 means from $4.50 to $7.49 ; $9 mean.s from $7.50 to $10.49, etc. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Present Weekly Wages of the Twenty-five Percentile, 

Median and Seventy-five Percentile Boys 

TABLE No. 16-D — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



groups 



Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 

Male and female elementary school teachers in cities over 8,000 



:-o per- 
centile 



$12.30 
13.20 
13.86 
14.25 

$13.86 



Median 



$15.30 
,14 . 10,' 

"isTio 

17.25 
$16.60 



75 per- 
centile 



$18.90 
18.45 
24.90 
21.30 

$19.80 



These boys received higher wages than elementary school teachers 

These untrained boys in the smaller cities and villages of the 
State actually received higher wages than the men and women 
(dementary school teachers of the cities of the United States over 
8,000 population, as is shown by comparing these figures with those 
given by Dr. E. S. Evenden, of Columbia University, in his study 
of teachers' salaries and salary schedules. 

Twenty-five percent of the teachers received $13.86 or less per 
week, while twenty-five percent of the village boys received $14:.25 
or less per week. Fifty percent of the teachers received $16.60 
or less per week, while fifty percent of the boys received $17.25 
or less per week. Seventy-five percent of the teachers received 
$19.80 or less per week and seventy-five percent of the boys received 
$19.80 or less per week. Many interesting individual cases were 
encountered by the teachers making this survey. They found boys 



192 Our Boys 

wlio had left school in the lower grades and taken positions paying 
them over twice as much as the teachers themselves were receiving. 
There were numerous instances where boys were receiving over fifty 
dollars a week. One normal school principal, whose teachers filled 
out questionnaires, reported to the director of the survey that many 
boys in their village were receiving more than the normal school 
teachers. The discovery of these facts by the teachers filling out 
the questionnaires awakened much of the activity displayed in the 
recent successful campaign for increasing the teachers' wages in 
'New York State. 



Ouii Boys 



193 




'* « 



S 



8 

S« iQ in 
'^ h • 

6 « S 6 
« B I - 



»« -H ^ jH 

o o o t» 



194 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER XVII 
How They Obtained Employment 

Sixteen^ Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

How They Obtained Employment 
TABLE No. 17 — SUMIMAEY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


Friend 


Adver- 
tise- 
ment 


School 


Church 


Employ- 
ment 
bureau 


Applied 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 .... 
Villages over 5,000 


27.9 
22.6 
24.9 
27.3 


5.7 
.2 
.3 
■1 


1.8 
.7 
.3 
.2 


.2 
.1 
.1 


7.7 
.3 
.2 
.4 


62.7 
76.1 
74.2 
72.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


124,795 

42,690 

11,014 

5,557 



Most boys found their own jobs 

The bovs were asked to state how they obtained employment, with 
the idea of discovering, if possible, how much guidance and assist- 
ance boys were receiving from schools, employment bureans, churches 
and other agencies interested in boy welfare. The returns, as 
shown on chart iSTo. 17 and table ISTo. 17, in the text, and tables I^^os. 
l7-i\., 17-B and 17-C, in the appendix, indicate very clearly that 
practically nothing is being done in the matter of aiding boys 
to secure proper employment. The answers to the question, " Who 
helped you get your job?" were very easily classified under six 
headings. Under the term "Applied " were included such answers 
as " Sign in window," "Applied," "Asked for a job," " 'No one," 
" Got it myself," etc. In ISTew York City 62.5 percent of the 
boys got their jobs in this way, as compared with 76.1 percent in 
cities over 25,000; 74.2 percent in cities under 25,000, as com- 
pared with 72 percent in villages over 5,000. In G-reater New 
York 5.7 percent of the boys answered, "Advertisement in news- 
paper," as compared with from .1 to .3 percent in the other com- 
munities of the State. Employment agencies, churches and schools 
give little assistance. In Greater New York 1.8 percent of the boys 
received assistance from the schools, as compared with from .2 
to .7 percent in other places. In Greater New York 1.7 percent 
received aid from employment bureaus, as compared with from 
.2 to .4 percent in other places. The churches gave practically no 
assistance in any place. 



A 



Ouu Boys 195 

" Friends " helped about one-fourth of the boys get jobs 

Under the heading " Friend " is included " Relative," " Knew 
foreman/' " Knew the boss," ''A friend," etc. From twenty-two 
to twenty-eight percent of the boys obtained positions in this way 
and without doubt part of these boys had some guidance in the 
matter of selecting a position. Just how valuable this guidance 
was it is difficult to tell, altho the interviews held with boys in 
the shops by the inspectors of this bureau indicate that in the 
majority of cases the ''friend" simply told the boy of the vacancy 
which he happened to know about and in some instances introduced 
him to the foreman. The answers received to this question on the 
questionnaires and the information gained from the personal 
interviews with boys, in addition to the information obtained from 
emplojTiient managers and employers, clearly indicate that boys on 
leaving school, uncounseled and ungiiided, take the first job they 
can get, regardless of whether or not it offers any opportunities for 
training and advancement. 



196 



Our Boys 



9 o 



OuK. Boys 19Y 



CHAPTER XVIII 
Number of Jobs Held 

Chart 'No. 18 and tabic No. 18, in the text,, and tables No. 18-A, 
18-B and 18-C, in the appendix, show the number of jobs held by 
these boys. The personal interviews held by the inspectors of this 
bureau with many thousands of these boys indicate that boys, hold 
their jobs for comparatively short periods of time and change 
from job to job for all sorts of trivial reasons. Boys were found who 
had left good jobs with excellent opportunity for training and 
advancement and jobs which they really liked to accept other posi- 
tions without opportunity for training or advancement for a very 
slight temporary increase in wages. 

The size of the community makes no difference in the number of 
jobs held 

Chart No. 18 and table No. 18, in the text, show very clearly 
that regardless of the size of the community about twenty-three 
percent of the boys had had one job, twenty-six percent two jobs, 
twenty-three percent three jobs, twelve percent four jobs and six 
percent five jobs. It is characteristic of boys of these ages, regard- 
less of environment, to change from job to job on the slightest 
provocation. 

Many "boy jobs" are necessarily so-called "blind alley" jobs 
which do not in themselves oifer any opportunity for further 
advancement. It is possible, however, under proper guidance and 
direction to so locate these boys that the experience they receive 
in a so-called " blind alley " job will fit them to change profitably 
within a short time to some other position in a different type of 
industry. Information such as is shown on the tables and charts 
in this chapter clearly emphasizes the need for counsel and guid- 
ance for boys of these ages. 

Employment managers are anxious to assist boys 

Employment managers in concerns employing large numbers of 
boys are very much interested in the proper training and advance- 
ment of boys. Boys of these ages, however, unless they receive 
counsel and guidance from outside sources are often retained with 



198 



OuE Boys 



I 



difficiiltj by such concerns because the uncounseled boy fails to 
understand the value of the opportunity afforded by these concerns 
for training and advancement and is easily influenced to give up a 
job of this character by such reasons as a slight increase in wages, 
easier work, shorter hours, to work with a boy friend, etc. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

ISTuMBER OF Jobs Held 
TABLE No. 18 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 + 


Tota 
per 
cent 




23.6 
21.2 
22.9 
25.2 


25.7 
27.0 
29.6 
28.2 


22.8 
23.0 
22.9 
21.2 


12.1 

12.1 

10.8 

9.9 


6.4 

6.2 
5.3 
5.5 


3.3 
3.5 
3.0 
3.5 


1.5 
1.8 
1.5 
1.6 


1.0 
1.4 
1.2 
1.2 


1.2 
2.7 
1.7 
2.? 


2.4 
1.1 
1.1 
1.5 


100.0 


Cities over 25,000 


100.0 


Cities under 25,000 


100.0 


Villages over 5,000 


100.0 







OuE Boys 



199 



a 



^.fla; 



o n 




200 



OuE Boys 



CHAPTER XIX 

The Length of Time on the Present Job 
Fifty percent of the boys held their jobs for less than six months 

Chart No. 19 and table 'No. 19, in the text, and tables ;N'o. 19-A, 
19-B and 19-C show the percent of boys holding jobs for varions 
periods of time. The term six months means from 4.5 months 
to 7.49 months; nine months means from 7.5 months to 10,49 
months, etc. The information on the above mentioned chart and 
tables clearly indicates that regardless of the size of the community 
about forty percent of the boys held jobs for less than 4.5 months, 
that about sixty percent of the boys held jobs for less than 7.5 
months. The information on this table should be studied in con- 
nection with the information in tables ISTo. 18 and No. 20'. Under 
proper guidance and direction it is altogether likely that many 
boys would be advised not to remain in some of their so-called 
"blind alley" jobs for longer periods of time. The small amount 
of training they have received should, however, be used as 
foundation training for their next job, which should be a better 
one than the one they left and offer opportunities for further train- 
ing, altho this job in itself may also be a so-called "blind alley" job. 
At present, however, boys w^ander aimlessly from one job to another, 
wasting valuable time and oftentimes acquiring habits which unfit 
them for better positions. The need of wise counsel is here again 
emphasized. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

The Length of Time on Present Job 
TABLE No. 19 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 



3 


6 


9 


12 


15 


18 


21 


2 


3 


4 


5 


mos. 


mos. 


mos. 


mos. 


mos. 


mos. 


mos. 


yrs. 


yrs. 


yrs. 


yrs. 


39.0 


17.6 


8.0 


10.4 


3.4 


6.6 


.7 


9.5 


3.2 


1.0 


.6 


38.0 


21.5 


8.1 


9.2 


4.8 


7.3 


.S 


5.6 


3.0 


.9 


.8 


42.5 


19.9 


6.9 


10.1 


3.6 


6.6 


.5 


6.2 


2.8 


.6 


.3 


41.9 


20.5 


6.5 


9.6 


3.1 


7.8 


.9 


5.4 


2.6 


.9 


.8 



Total 
per 
cent 



Greater New York. 
Cities over 25,000 . 
Cities under 25,000 
Villages over 5,000. 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



OuE Boys 



201 



E 


o 


^ 


S) 


« 


« 


k 


2 


•* 






<» 1 


i 


■o 


CM 






* 










a 


« 

3 


t-i 




« 






« 


« 


el 


B 


tK 


1 




3 


'l 


• 


o| 


1 t 


a 





ir..B:a.« 







S as . 



iz; "^^ 
o >, 

^ i 

fe CO 

I 

o 







65 



«» o o > 



202 



OuK Boys 



CHAPTER XX 
Why Boys Liked Their Jobs 
About ninety percent of the boys hke their jobs 

It is to be expected that most boys like their present jobs, other- 
wise they would quit. Some jobs are of such a character that no 
boy could like them long and it is no discredit to the boys that 
they dislike them. In many cases, however, the boys are misfits, 
there being nothing wrong with either the boy or the job. It is 
remarkable that the percentage of dislike is no higher when we 
consider the fact that no system^atic effort is made to direct boys 
to suitable employment. The fact, however, that the boy likes his 
job now is no indication that he will continue to like it long. The 
fact that boys do not hold their jobs for many months at a time, as 
is shown in Chapters XVIII and XIX, indicates that their like 
for their jobs is not necessarily a very strong like, for if it were 
they would not change jobs so 'often. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Why Boys Liked Their Jobs 

TABLE No. 20 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


Learn 

a 
trade 


Easy 


Clean 


Good 
wages 


Ad- 
vance- 
ment 


Inter- 
esting 


Miscel- 
laneous 


Don't 
like 
it 


Total 
per 
cent 


Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 


7.0 
7.1 
5.5 
4.2 


20.2 
19.9 
18.3 
21.4 


1.3 
2.1 
4.6 
6.2 


6.7 
12.0 
14.9 
13.0 


19.7 
9.1 
5.3 
5.9 


26.8 
29.5 
27.4 
26.6 


7.3 
10.0 
13.5 
11.1 


11.0 
10.3 
10.5 
11.6 


100.0 
100.0 


Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 


100.0 
100.0 



OuE Boys 



203 



ca >i 



II 



■I 



w C- 



s pq 



(S o o «► 



204 Our Boys 

One-fifth of the boys like easy jobs 

In all sections of the State about twenty percent of the boys said 
they liked their jobs because they were "easy." "Easy" is, of 
conrsej a relative term — it may infer that the present job is easier 
than a previous one or the job of some boy friend. 

About seven percent like their jobs because they can learn a trade 

Most of the jobs of boys are so-called " blind alley " jobs and 
must probably be so in our present industrial scheme. This does 
not mean, however, that his present job cannot be so selected 
as to better fit him for another so-called " blind alley " job 
requiring more general efficiency and so on up the scale. A "blind 
alley" job is one which does not of itself develop into permanent 
employment of a skilled or even semi-skilled type. Boys are not 
learning trades today, but are becoming semi-skilled workmien. 
That is, they are learning in a short time to produce as much as 
another worker who has been at the same job for a period of years. 
To learn a skilled trade requires a much longer period of time. 
When the compulsory training law was passed by the IsTew York 
State Legislature, in 1916, it was assumed that a large number 
of sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old employed boys of the 
State were apprentices and were learning skilled trades. The infor- 
mation received on the questionnaires, as well as that gathered from 
the personal interviews made by the inspectors of this bureau, show 
that less than five percent of the boys are actually learning skilled 
trades. Many who say they are learning trades or think they are 
learning them, are really learning to be semi-skilled workmen, the 
time required to learn this semi-skilled trade being from one to 
three or four months. Unless a special effort is made to select 
and train some boys to become thoroly skilled journeymen there 
will soon be a dearth of all-round mechanics and tradesmen from 
whose ranks foremen, master mechanics, etc., are drafted. 

The opportunity for advancement is greater in New York city than 
elsewhere 

About twenty percent of the boys in 'New York Cit}^ like their 
jobs because there is an opportunity for advancement. In the cities 
over 25,000 only nine percent of the boys gave this reason and about 
six percent in the smaller cities and villages. 



Our Boys 205 

Wages are not attractive in Greater New York 

In Chapters XV and XVI it was clearly shown that the begin- 
ning and present weekly wages in ^ew York City were much lower 
than in the other eommnnities of the State. This explains why less 
than seven percent of the boys in Greater ITew York like their jobs 
because of good wages as compared with from twelve to fifteen per- 
cent in the other comnmnities of the State. 

From twenty-five to thirty percent of the boys like their jobs because 
they are interesting 

A little over one-fourth of the boys in all the communities of the 
State regardless of size, reported that they liked their jobs because 
they were interesting. It should be borne in mind that " interest- 
ing" like " easy " is a relative term. The present job may be more 
interesting than the previous job because it is newer. It may be 
more interesting than going to school for the same reason. That it 
is not interesting enough to hold boys for any length of time is shown 
by the data in Chapters XVIII and XIX. 

About ten percent of the boys like their jobs for miscellaneous 
reasons 

All sorts of scattering reasons were given by boys for liking their 
jobs and it was necessary to classify them under the heading " Mis- 
cellaneous." This term includes such reasons as " Like the Ijoss," 
'' Near home," " Nice place to work/' " Short hours," etc.. 

Only about two percent like jobs because they are clean 

It may seem strange to many persons that as high as two percent 
of the boys liked jobs because they were clean but such is t^he case. 



206 



OuK Boys 



CHAPTER XXI 
Lack of Care Used in Hiring Boys 

About thirty percent of the boys filled out application blanks 

The boys were asked whether or not they filled out application 
blanks to discover if possible how much care is used in the hiring 
and placing of boys by employers. The returns on the question- 
naires verify the information gathered by the inspectors of this 
bureau in their personal interviews with employed boys in all sec- 
tions of the State, namely, that little effort is ever made by employers 
to fit boys to their jobs and as a result the labor turnover is very 
large. Where application blanks are used they contain very little 
valuable infonnation and unless there is a trained employment 
manager connected with the business little use is ever made of them. 
The same is true of the references which the boys are required in 
some instances to give. In fact in the majority of cases the so-called 
application blanks and references are nothing more than small blank 
forms asking for the boy's name, age, address and place of last 
employment. 

Almost sixty percent used neither application nor reference blanks 

The majority of boys were not required to fill out any sort of 
blank or to give any references. New York City seems to use a 
little more care in the selection of boys than the smaller communi- 
ties of the State. This is probably due to the fact that there are 
many firms employing large numbers of boys that have employment 
managers who are making every effort to fit boys and other employes 
to their jobs. It is very difficult, however, for boys of these ages to 
properly evaluate the opportunities offered by some of these firms for 
future advancement. A wise counselor of boys working in con- 
junction with an employment manager can be of immense assist- 
ance both to the boys and to their employers. 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Application Blanks and References 
TABLE No. 21 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 



Filled 
out 


Gave 


Did 


Total 


appli- 


references 


neither 




cation 








32.9 


12.6 


54.5 


100.0 


36.2 


6.1 


57.7 


100.0 


31.7 


2.4 


65.9 


100.0 


30.8 


3.7 


65.5 


100.0 



Popu- 
lation of 
employed 

boya 



Greater New York . 
Cities over 25,000 . 
Cities under 25,000 
Villages over 5,000 . 



124,795 

42,690 

11,014 

5,557 



OUK Boys 



20' 



Orsatar Haw York... 
Cities ovar 25,000. 
Cities undar 25,000 
Villages over 5,000 



1 Sabeaectady H 

2 Watertown 

3 Itoobestar 

4 Baffalo 

5 Auburn. •• 

6 SyriMuae 

7 Vev^nrgh 

8 Albany 

9 Hlagara Balls.. 

10 Mount Temon... 

11 Dew YOlfc H 

12 Oswego... 

13 ntioa 

14 Tonkars. ....... 

15 Saw Bsobella... 

16 Jaaestown. • • . . . 

17 Troy . 

18 Pou^lceapsle... 

19 Binghanton 

20 Blmira 

SI Aisstardam. . . . . . 

22 Kingston 




M^o n',~o 8»'o IV'^^'o 19«% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Emploi/ed liojis 

Per Cent Filling Out Application and Reference Blanks 

Chart No. 21. — State Summary and Cities over 25.000 



208 



OuE Boys 




1 Coning 

Z Sonkirk..... 

Z Salaosooa* •••••• j 

4 Oa9onta**> •••••• J 

5 Hornell 

6 Olean. .*. * 

7 Laoloavamis 

t Bcime. I 

9 Fort Jor7ls..«..S 

10 OonaTa.... 

11 VB&tervllat 

12 Onaida 

13 Ssosselaar 

14 Horth Tonawanda. 

15 iniite Plains.... 
15 Uecbaaic7llla... 

17 MidMetovm. 

18 Batavia 

19 Ithaca 

20 Lootepopt 

21 ToiEt\?audaa 

22 Piatt Bbiirg 

23 Bidson( 

24 Cohoes 

25 Canandalgua. 

26 Beaooiu 

27 Saratov Springs 

Se Gl«n8 Sails 

29 Little Falls.... 
SO Fulton 

31 Glen Cove 

32 lorvich 
S3 OgdensMrg 

34 Johnstown 

35 Cortland. 
S6 Glorersville.... 

0% 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employe'd Boys 

Per Cent Filling Out Application and Reference Blank/" 

Chart No. 21A.— Cities under 25,000 



OuE Boys 



209= 



' ?lU«d •FpllMtlOB 

t7o ••% *>% 30% 






1 Illoa.... 

2 frcdoBlA 
S SolTBy. 

4 Vaverly***** 

5 3eneM fBLllB 

6 BadcvlUa Center* 

7 Lancaster 

8 Tarrytovm, 

9 Osslnlog ••! 

10 fiarlclner»««« B 

11 Whitehall 

12 WellsTille 

13 Oepeir..... 

14 Jreaport 

15 HamsiTOueoik 

16 Port Chester 

17 l^aolc .< 

18 Feeksklll, 

19 Johnson City 

20 lorth Tarrytown 

21 Hastings 

22 Oirego... 

23 Bunting on. 

24 Sndioott ■ 

25 Lawrano* 

26 Haverstravr 

27 Patchogaa 

28 Waterford 

29 Catsld.ll 

30 Walden 

31 Hewaric 

32 Ualone 

33 Medina 

34 Port Tashington.J 

35 Badson I&lls 

36 Hooslclc Ji&lls....] 

37 Pem Tan 

38 Hempstead 

39 Hassena ^ 

40 Albion. ■ 

41 Saranao Laka....^ 

0% 




lleither 
«o7o \ wco iM": 




»•% »% 3»% «•? 



50% 



7»% W% W% 1M7, 



Sixteen, Seventeen cund Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Per Cent Filling Out Application and Reference Blanks 

Chart No. 21-B.— Villages over 5,Q00 



210 



Our Boys 



CHAPTER XXII 

How They Saved Their Money 

About fifty percent bought Liberty Bonds or War Savings Stamps 

The Liberty Loan drives reached about fifty percent of the boys. 
Whether these boys would have saved their money in other ways 
had it not been for these drives it is impossible to tell. Slightly 
fewer boys in ISTew York City were reached by the drives than in 
the smaller communities of the State. These tigures of course do not 
give any indication of the amount of money which they saved in 
this manner. Their savings may have been very small indeed in 
some instances, altho the majority of these boys were purchasers 
of Liberty Bonds rather than War Savings Stamps. The figures for 
the individual cities as given in tables 'No. 22-A, 22-B and 22-C show 
quite a wide variation in the number of boys saving their money 
in this manner. In the cities over 25,000 Binghamton heads the 
list with 53.5 percent and Troy is at the end with 39.3 percent. In 
the cities under 25,000 Salamanca heads the list with 81.3 percent 
while the record for Ogdensburg is only 23 percent. In the villages 
over 5,000 Lancaster heads the list with 74 percent and Saranac 
Lake is at the end with 12.3 percent. 



Sixteen^ Sevenieen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

How They Saved Their Money 
TABLE No. 22 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 



Greater New York . 
Cities over 25,000 . 
Cities under 25,000 
Villages over 5,000 . 



Liberty 
bonds 



46.7 
50.0 
52.2 
49.4 



Bank 



9.8 
20.0 
20.5 
18.5 



other 
ways 



4.3 
4.0 
4.6 
6.0 



Did not 
save 



39.2 
26.0 
22.7 
26.1 



Tot-;! 
per cent 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



Fewer boys in Greater New York saved money in banks 

Only ten percent of the boys in Greater New York saved money 
in the banks as compared with twenty percent in the other communi- 
ties of the State. In the city of Utica as high as thirty percent of 
the boys saved money in the banks as compared with only ten per- 
cent in the city of Albany. In the cities under 25,000 Cortland holds 
the record with 45.3 percent. In one or two other cities the record 



Our Boys 211 

is as low as eleven percent. In the villages over 5,000 Port Wash- 
ington heads the list with a record of thirty-six percent while in one 
village the record goes as low as five percent. These records are of 
interest and value to local communities as a check on the methods 
used by local banks for inducing boys to open savings accounts. 

Forty percent of the boys in Greater New York did not save any 
money 

The record of the boys who did not save money varies from forty 
percent in Greater New York to twenty-three percent in the smaller 
cities of the State. In the cities over 25,000 the record varies from 
seventeen percent in the case of Utica to about thirty-five percent 
in Troy. In cities under 25,000 the record varies from seven per- 
cent in Salamanca to thirty-six percent in Cohoes. In villages over 
5,000 the record varies from 63.2 percent in Massena to only 11.6 
percent in Johnson City. 

Boys need counsel in matters of thrift 

The above figures show conclusively the wdde variation in the 
number of boys in the different communities who are saving. The 
fact that the record of saving is so high in some communities and 
so low in others shows that where a special effort is made large 
numbers of boys can be influenced to save their money. A wise 
counselor would not only be able to induce boys to save their money 
but to save it to the best advantage. It would be interesting to 
follow up the methods used by the banks in some of the communi- 
ties, such as Cortland, N. Y., where the record is relatively high 
for savings in banks, and compare them with methods used in 
other cities. Some of these results may be traceable to efforts which 
the public schools have made along the line of thrift campaigns. 



212 



Our Boys 



Liberty Bonds or 
War Saving Stamps 

jp% 10% »% 30% 



I BBnk j 



JLll others 



J 



So no 



Oreftter Ho^ YQ?k«.. 
Citiss over 25,000. 
Cities UQdor 25,000 
ViUsgQS orar 5,000 
Places under 5 , 000 . '. 



1 Utica 

2 Ja<n3sto«m« *..•.. 

3 BDoh«eter« *•««•• 

4 £L]ilr&.«..< 

5 Oswego* ««<•••••< 

6 Hsisrbosgh 

7 Watsrto^tn.o***.. 
9 Buffalo......... 

9 Auburn. 

10 Magara ?b11b... 

11 Scixtnectrady 

IS How j^cbslla.... 

13 Bingjismton. 

14r Syracuse........ 

15 Fou^Hceepsle .... ^BB 

16 Amsterdam. ...... 

17 Tonlcers... 

18 Kingston........ 

19 Troy....... 

20 Mount 7ernoii.... 

21 Albany 

22 Kev Tork.. ...... 




Cities orer 25,000 




Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

How They Saved Their Money 

Chart No. 22 — State Summary and Cities over 25,000 



Our Boys 



2V 




1 SaTamano* 

Z Loo]Q>ort«.. B 

3 Cortland | 

4 Vortb Tona«aada.S 

5 Bdbw 

6 Littls Flails.... I 

7 Johnstown. 

8 Comlag 

9 Canandalgoa 

10 Oneida 

11 Euntlrlr ■ 

12 Oneontta 

13 aioTorsvllle.. 

14 Olsan 

15 Be&oon. 

16 lllddletown. 

17 Tonawanda 

18 Badson 

19 Port Jervis 

20 Ebmell 

21 Oonera. 
22. Olens Palls I 

23 Laolcawamia 

24 White Plains.... 

25 Bansselaer 

26 Korwioh... 

27 Batavia. .. 

28 Ithaca B 

29 MeehanicTille*.* 

30 PlattBburg......B 

31 Waterrliet...... 

32 Oohoes 

33 Glen Cove 

34 Saratoga SprtogsH 

35 Ogdensburg 

36 Pulton.... 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Bops 

How They Saved Theie Money 

Chart No. 22A.— Cities under 25,000 



214 



Our Boys 



Lib-irty Bonds of 
War Saving Stamps 

Pi "" ' 




1 Johnson City 

2 lanoaster 

3 Ilion 

4 Wei 1st Ills 
B SolTay 
£ Eoosio^c Falls 
7 Waverly 

5 Feelcsklll 
9 Waldan 

10 Hertlmer 

11 Boclcville Center 

12 Port Chester.... ffl 

13 Depaw. ... 

14 Penn Yan 

15 Predonia 

16 Waterford 

17 Tarry town 

18 H&stlnga 

19 Ow»go 

20 Bndicott 

21 Hudson Falls... • 

22 Kyaok 

23 Bimtlngton« 

24 Ossinlng 

25 Patchoguo 

26 Whitehall 

27 Hewart 

28 Matoaroosolc'. .... 

29 Freoport.. .«..•. 
SO Horth Tarrytown. 

31 Senooa Falls.... 

32 Port Washington. 

33 Ksdina 

34 Albion 

35 Malons 

36 Catskill 

37 Xavrenoo. ••..•. 

38 Eeis^etead. ..... 

39 Haverstraw 

40 Uassena 

41 Saranac Lake...* 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

How They Saved Their Money 

Chart Xo. 22B. — Villages over 5,000 



OuK Boys 



215 



CHAPTER XXIII 
Contributions Toward Family Support 

Almost ninety p.jicent of the boys contributed toward family 
support 

The iinmber of boys who did not contribute toward family sup- 
port varies from 10.5 percent in Greater ]^ew York to 19.6 percent 
in villages over 5,000. In Greater JSTew York 77.4 percent of the 
boys contributed more than $10.00 per week; in other cities over 
25,000 population 68.8 percent contributed over $10.00 ; in cities 
imder 25,000 population 59.6 percent contributed over $10.00 and 
in villages over 5,000 population 59.6 percent of the boys con- 
fributed over $10.00. The median contribution in each of the groups 
falls between $10.00 and $15.00. 

Foreign born boys contnbute more than American born boys 

A special study was made of the contributions of American born 
and foreign born boys in the city of Niagara Falls which has a 
A^ery large foreign population and it was found that the median 
American born boy contributed $8.50 per week toward family sup- 
])ort, while the median foreign born boy contributed $12.50. Time 
prevented a more detailed study of the contributions of individual 
boys and we are therefore unable to state definitely what percent 
of the weekly wage was contributed toward family support. Tt 
should be noted, however, that more boys in the smaller cities and 
villages contributed nothing, altho the data on present weekly wages 
in Chapter XVI show that boys in the smaller cities and vil- 
lages received higher wages than in the larger cities. 

Table N"o. 23, in the text, and chart 'No. 23 show the percent of 
boys in each city and village group who contributed various amounts 
toward family support. 

Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Weekly Contkibution Toward Family Support 
TABLE No. 23 — SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK STATE 



GROUPS 


SI 


S2 


S3 


SI 


$.-, 


$3 


$7 


S8 


S9 


$10 
to 

S15 


$15 
or 
more 


Noth- 
ing 


Total 
prr 
cent 


Greater New York 

Cities over 25,000 

Cities under 25,000 

Villages over 5,000 


.1 
.2 
.5 


.3 
.4 
.6 
.6 


.4 

.9 

1.2 

1.4 


lis 

2.2 
2.2 


3.7 
6.9 
10.5 
11.4 


2.0 
5.2 
7.9 
6.7 


3.9 
6.8 
8.5 
8.5 


6.6 
6.8 
7.0 
7.1 


4.0 
2.5 
2.0 
2.2 


44.5 
38.2 
27.6 
26.7 


22,4 
17.2 
16.6 
13.3 


10.5 
13.4 
15.4 
19.6 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



216 



OuE Boys 







C5 H 



Kl 



S >H 



II 



155 S 5 
1 P"? 



33^ 


la 




• 


S S!^ 


R 


■* R § 


■ 


fj to n 


£ 
4 




e o o 


> 



Our Boys 217 



CHAPTER XXIV 

Occupations 

On the questionnaires the boys were asked to give the motlier's 
occupation, tlie father's occupation, the Iwy's present occupation and 
the occupation he desired to follow ten years hence. The tabulation 
of these various occupations has been confined to the boys of Greater 
New York and the other cities of the State over 25,000 population. 
This group of boys includes about seventy-five percent of the six- 
leen, seventeen and eighteen year old employed boys of the State 
and covers every type of occupation. No additional information 
Avould have been secured by including the boys in the small cities 
and villages and the work would have been greatly complicated by 
so doing. 

The occupation code used is printed in full in the appendix of 
the report and follows mainly the classification used by the Federal 
Census Bureau. In order to make it practicable to study the cor- 
relations between fathers' occupations, boys' present and desired 
occupations, last grades completed, best and least liked studies, etc., 
it was necessary to group these occupations under seventeen main 
headings as follows: 

Professional Clay, Glass and Stone 

Clerical Printing 

Retail Business Transportation 

Executive Positions Food Production and Preparation 

Government Service Textiles 

Building Trades Leather 

Metal Trades Miscellaneous Manufactures 

Wood-working Labor 

Clothing 

It is a very difficult, unsatisfactory and well-nigh impossible task 
to even roughly classify such a wide variety of occupations imder 
as few as seventeen headings. Any one who studies the code care- 
fully will probably feel that some of the occupations have been 
improperly classified. This is often due to the fact that the name 
of the occupation is somewhat misleading. The field inspectors 
who visited the difl^erent manufacturing plants in all parts of the 



218 OuE Boys 

State became very familiar with the actual work done by men and 
boys in different occupations. Many of the doubtful cases were classi- 
fied in the light of their knowledge. It should be borne in mind 
that oftentimes the same name is applied to a large variety of occu- 
pations in different industries. For purposes of comparison, how- 
ever, very satisfactory results have been obtained by using these 
classifications. 

Most of the mothers of these employed boys are homemakers 

The tabulations of the mothers' occupations are not published in 
this report because with few exceptions the mother's occupation was 
given as that of housekeeper. The occupations of the few mothers 
who Vv^orked away from home were so scattering as to make the data 
of little value. This information, however, covering as it does the 
entire State of ]Mew York, shows conclusively that practically none 
of the mothers of employed boys of these ages were wage earners. 

More fathers than mothers were reported dead 

About one-tenth of the boys reported that the father was dead 
while only one-twentieth of the boys reported that the mother was 
dead. Vital statistics show that no more fathers than mothers are 
actually dead which means as has been stated in Chapter IV on 
Guardianship that many boys had been told their father was dead 
as an easy way to explain his absence. 

There is some correlation between fathers' and boys' present 

occupations 

Four correlation tables were made between the father's occupa- 
tion and the bey's present occupation. See tables 'No. 24, 24-A, 24-B 
and 24-C in the appendix and charts No. 24, 24-A, 24-B and 24-C. 
Chart No. 24 and table I^To, 24 deal with the sixteen, seventeen and 
eighteen year old groups combined. Charts and tables !N"o. 24-A, 
24-B and 24-C deal with the occupations of the sixteen, seventeen and 
eighteen year old groups taken separately. The cross hatched bars 
on the charts show where the correlation in each group occurs. The 
charts for the three age groups are almost identical and show con- 
clusively that there is no greater correlation in the eighteen jear 
old group than in the sixteen and seventeen year olvi groups. 

In Chapter XIX it has been shown that boys change their jobs 
very frequently and in Chapter XX that about ten percent of the 



Our Boys 219 

boys dislike their jolis. Keeping all of these facts in mind it can 
he readily seen that a hoy likes his job for a while and then gradn- 
ally drifts to the point of disliking it so much that he change j to 
another one. Altho there is a constant and frequent shifting of boys 
from job to job, nevertheless the number of boys following the 
occupations of their fathers is slightly greater than those following 
other occupations. A great many of the changes from job to job 
are changes within an occupation group rather than from one group 
to another. 



220 



OuK Boys 




= = I " I - ? S 






OuK Boys 



221 



ii It n n ii 




i 



? 



■ IIMIIMW ( 




? s. s 



U I I 



GZa KSIBB 



Sixteen Year Old Employed Boim 
Showing Cokrexation Between Father's Occupation and Boy's Present 

Occupation 
Chart No. 24A. — Cities over 25,000 including Greater New York 





II 



S 1 



U U*M |4« Ml 

\ 1. 

a im 

a £3 



nil CBBiii 

•H a j ■ ta 

man n >! 

Seventeen Tear Old Employed Boys 

Showing Correlation Betwebin Father's Ocoupation and Boy's Present 

Occupation 
Chart No. 24B.^ Cities over 25,000 inchiding Greater New York 




mi f I m 
mm t I ■ 







1 ii ! 

i" "j-a-" 

^ i 

3 i ^ 

' ? a 

™ L 2_ 



Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Showing Correlation Between Father's Occupation and Boy's Present 

Occupation 
• Chart No. 24C. — Cities over 25,000 including Greater New York 



222 OuE Boys 

There is some correlation between fathers' occupations and boys' desired 
occupations 

Four correlation tables were made between the father's occupa- 
tion and the boy's desired occupation. See tables IS"©. 24z-T>, 24-E, 
24-F and 24^G in the appendix and charts 'No. 24-D, 24-E, 24-F 
and 24-G. Chart 'No. 24-D and table No. 24-D deal with the occupa- 
tions of the sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old groups combined. 
Charts and tables '^o. 24-E, 24-F and 24-Gr deal with the occupations 
of the sixteen, seventeen and eiighteen year old groups takep sepa- 
rately. The cross hatched bars on the charts show where the cor- 
relation in each occupation group occurs. The charts for the three 
age groups are almost identical and show conclusively that there is 
no greater correlation in the eighteen year old group than in the 
sixteen and seventeen year old groups. 

Many fathers were reported as being in the clothing trades who 
were really in the retail clothing business. This accounts for the 
fact that over thirty percent of their sons expressed a desire to go 
into retail business. If these retail clothing dealers had been 
properly classified the correlation as shown under retail business 
would be much larger. 

Personal interviews with boys also brought to light the fact that 
many of the sons of clothing makers have no desire to follow the 
occupation of the father, but are desirous of entering the retail 
clothing business. 



Our Boys 



223 



•iu)«n'ni«o«111 t,'„.___^ __ B ^ _ a^ __ „ H „ 

i "bH^- 

- fe^ 

..tlll.i L_' H ^ 

is* -^ 

p 

.„.....<... JielllllifliilleBl ^ ^ 

• u K o 

t.«ip •<»I0 '• -«' " ^ -^^ (h 

S. S) >H aj 

a>i-n'i3 ' _- — . ti ■<• — r; f_, 

^ ^ g^ 

N ^ < bo 

B "^ 2 "I 

.iiiillllilillll 



S o o 
-£ O R, 

^ w S3 




IBIlllilllliiiIti 

IllimUlliiiiii 



3 = t : 



! S 1 1 2 3 i 3 



t 3 Is £ a ^ & s 



224 



OuE Boys 




II i 



Sixteen Year Old Employed Boys 
Showing Correlation Between Father's Occxtpation and Boy's Desired 

occxjpation 
Chart No. 24E. — Cities over 25,000 including Greater New York 





1 t 


* 


■ 


« 


1 1 




1 








1 


ri 


a 




HI 




n 1 


1 


1 


1 


az, 1 


1 


S 


1 



[ I ' 5 

i f ^ 

T El sod « I I a 

r i I JT noa « I i ■ 

Seventeen Year Old Employed Boys 
Showing Correlation Between Father's Occupation and Boy's Desired 

OcCUPATIGJSr 

Chart No. 24F. — Cities over 25,000 including Greater New York 




Eighteen Year Old Emplm/ed Boys 
Showing Correlation Between Father's Occupation and Boy's Desired 

Occupation 
Chart No. 24G. — Cities over 25,000 including Greater New York 



OuK Boys 225 

There is a large correlation between boys' present and desired 
occupations 

Four correlation tables were made between the boys' present occu- 
pations and desired occupations. See tables No. 24-H, 24-1, 24-J 
and 24-K in the appendix. Chart No. 24-H and table No. 24-H 
deal with the sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old groups com- 
bined. Charts and tables No. 24-1, 24-J and 24-K deal with the 
sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old groups taken separately. 
The cross hatched bars on the charts show where the correlation in 
each occupation group occurs. The correlation shown between the 
present and desired occupations is much greater than between the 
fathers' occupations and the boys' present and desired occupations. 
This large correlation is easily explained when we recall that ninety 
percent of the boys said they liked their present occupations. For 
this reason many of them probably thought they would like to con- 
tinue in that type of occupation, with the resulting large correla- 
tion. It should be remembered, however, that most of these boys 
change their occupations frequently and that this large correlation 
is, therefore, not at all indicative of the fact that a few months 
later they will be following these same occupations or will have a 
desire to follow them in the future. It is possible, however, that 
when they change their occupations they change to some other occu- 
pation classified in the same group as their present occupation. 
It should by no means be assumed that because there is such a large 
correlation shown between the present and desired occupations that 
these boys will finally follow or desire to follow occupations similar 
to their present ones. 



226 



Our Boys 



111 



ill! 



1.1 




I. 



Biliiiilll.l 



■111 



.lllilntliimll 



lllnilt.iinil 




Mn^Miva 'oan 



'^....1 ■.__.i>-Bb 



nil 



«^>m £ . 



^..«al.«a.H-*Bl.-'H 



.11 



vlllvli 



illvBl 



-I 



•nti Tn 

■nt« ''<TD ^'—-^ _ _• 

IS 
••JHWtO g _ 



t 2 »• : B 3 



sll £ 1 1 II i d 



Si3SH=5 



3 4'^ 



lis J 

liili: 



■_ - 5J, 



cc 



05 tH 
'IS "5 

O Q 



S ^, 



P3 
O 



OuE Boys 



227 



ai>p%it vnn' 



liulill 




'pnSs?l-iWllJ 



■■■lilllall 






r^aavSlBlal.BBllal 



lllllllllllll 



(Ij»]«j) ••rainf -,' 



!li..ill.iiiiil 



1 



.Bl.i«..ii.i 



.■.■I 



....'illiLillliiiliii 

a . 3 . . 









....J.., 



I.... HI 



.. B... 



■■■■ 



iiiiiiii.il 



lull 



•oo»e vn~ 



_ 3 . ~ S 

1-'3 Hi,-!?- * 
III I -: sill I -3 



2334 



O >^ 






H 5 



o -xs 

§ I. 
« = 



228 



OuK Boys 



17 yaur old Kiploytd te;i 
Orwattr Ivi XoAz jlU Cltlai ovtr £5,000 
3U(nrln£ ctB-raUticm batwaaa Bo;*« Pr«««it Oooupatloa and B^'i Stslfod vooujAtloi 



-t^irllll 




■..fll 



«l«l.la«ll1 



•OTAjea 



ii.i.««iiliii 



.IlLllllhllllll 



-«U PMlS.BB-a ■■•■ ■ 




I 

! 



jiiiliilii.E 



1 

'I 

»1 



Ina.-iil. 



illali 



tsaoifftajoxj 







I? 






o 






M 






H 






< 






^ 


-■N 




O 


1 




1^ 


1 






1 




«5^ 
15 u 


fl 




■^ (D 








O '■ItM 


^ 


►, si 




5rs 


K 0) 




o 


O >H 




cq 


go 




'e 


^ SO 


■ • 




9 3 




l-C" i5 




K) 


H .S 




s 


w 2 

05 O 


■ ■ 


O 


W "^ 
M m 




5> 


P-l (N 




1 


«2 5;5 




>. 


o o 




§ 


" CO 




te 


a> 


l.l 


i 

as 


1 o 




S J; 






IN 






fc 






P d 



■•no **T0 * 

Is 



amn«to fe •• — — 



II 

II 



illllll.llll.llll 

_ » J J i ; 

- S V . s t I 

fllllulllll-irall 



1 psl 1 *• ° S I ^ : 






OuB Boys 



229 



rill 



III 



iiiU 



t 



I 

.itl 



■ — -wal 



i.«Bl«l-v«Vlll.| 



I tU|>|M< 






t 

t 



»l««nlM4 wt 



SI, 



.tlllllfltlfllUl 



» 






■ 

I 



fit, 



h 



iiiiii 




I 

.ii..i.i.iii..i 



-.'- '■•« avva 



[ . 



itl|nllVi.lllll 



S^WOID • — — 



I.. 



9t[t:tiOMpooj| t^ ^ 



..B 



I « « 






9 Pu •• 



I Hi I 



8 , 

hi 

''•V 



! « I S f I S « » 3 » 






o 
o 
O 

Is: 

SO !?; £ 

-«! be 

0^ a 

o o ^ 



"« 



(N 



§ CO g 

o o 






^ 



3 2 

o '-' 
O 

o 

02 



iin^l 



230 



Our Boys 






hill... 



n0| %v%Jt)3wnxt 



z 

X 
o 

Of 






« MTn« «»iii 







rim..-. 



nof}«4<eABVi 



IIBhi 



I- K) 



illllllh 



IIII1 



:n( 






o 



S p 



!l 






I- ^ S U 









S fc 



llllllll 






...wVlfl 



*J ftA • ►■ « »^ M W * 



OuK Boys 231 

There is a large correlation between grades completed and types 
of occupations 

Charts N"©. 24-L and 24-M (see tables No. 24-L and 24-M in the 
appendix) are two of the most interesting charts in the report. 
Chart No. 24-L showing the correlation between the boy's present 
occupation and the last grade completed indicates very clearly that 
the more education a boy has the more likely he is to get into the 
professional, clerical and retail business occupations. It also shows 
that the less education a boy has the greater his chances are of becom- 
ing a laborer. Boys with no more than an elementary school educa- 
tion are most likely to become journeymen tradesmen. This chart 
shows that there are more boys with a high school education in 
clerical than in professional and retail business occupations. Build- 
ing trades, metal trades and printing trades are most popular with 
hoj& who leave school on the completion of the seventh grade. 
Transportation, textiles, leather, clay-glass-stone, clothing and 
wood-working are more popular with boys having an elementary 
school education than with boys who enter the high school. 

High school boys desire to enter professional, clerical and business 
occupations 

These charts shows very conclusively that few boys desire to 
become laborers but that the slight desire expressed is greater with 
boys who have no high school training. They show very clearly that 
boys with more high school training get into and desire to get into 
professional, clerical and retail business occupations than boys with- 
out high school training. These charts also show that more boys 
with elementary school education follow and wish to follow the 
skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled trades and occupations. This 
indicates that the type of boy who is interested in secondary educa- 
tion is the type who will most likely get into occupations requiring 
brain work and that the boy who does not care for high school training 
is the one who is most likely to get into manual occupations. It 
does not follow however, that boys who left school before reaching 
the high school would if given a high school training desire to enter 
professional, clerical and business occupations. It is much more 
probable that the amount of schooling which the boy gets is an indica- 
tion rather than qualification for the type of occupation which he will 



232 Our Boys 

follow. It is not because he has a high school education but because 
he is the type of boy who will get a high school education that he 
will enter professional, clerical and business occupations. 

It has just been shown that there are more high school boys in 
clerical occupations than in professional and retail business. • This 
is due to the fact that there are more openings for boys in clerical 
than in professional and retail business occupations. More boys, 
however, with high school training express a desire to enter the pro- 
fessional and retail business than clerical occupations. 

Few high school boys desire to learn trades 

Comparatively few high school boys expressed a desire to enter 
the various trades as a future occupation. About an equal number 
of boys with elementary and high school educations expressed a 
desire to enter executive positions. 

There is a little correlation between boys' present occupations and 
best and least liked studies 

Charts No. 24-^ and 24-0 (see tables ^"0. 24-^" and 24-0 in the 
appendix) are correlations between the best and least liked studies 
and the boys' present occupations. As in the case of the correlation 
between the boy's desired occupation and the best and least liked 
studies, boys who are in professional occupations indicate that draw- 
ing is their best liked study. In clerical occupations language and 
commercial subjects are most popular as is the case in the correla- 
tion between the desired occupations and best liked studies. Lan- 
guage and commercial subjects are best liked by boys in retail busi- 
ness, which is also true in the case of boys' desired occupations. The 
like® for spelling and geography are more prominent in the labor, 
transportation and some of the trade groups. In the correlation 
between the boys' present occupations and the least liked studies wc 
lind that manual training and language, as is the case in the corre- 
lation between boys' desired occupations and least liked studies, are 
most unpopular. These two studies are also most disliked in the 
clerical group. In the retail business group, language and drawing 
are most disliked. 



Our Boys 



233 






••tt»*»^f ^ ^ ^ 



llllliliifl 



••TT>I»I i _ _ _ I 



a<iwi4<^' ■■■■■_■_. 




«6PW> _ ■ ■ _ 



>a..^.xos^« ■■■■■.■.■■■ 



Illllllllll 







II 



III 



P o 

o o 



^ w O 

e H I 

^;m Si 

=" K r-' 
■S § I^ 



UIbiIbiIiI 



llllili 



uoitonpo>l2 pool 




I«(ot«M^MJ 



Illllllllll 

llllllll 



1 1 ^ 3 a I 



,3 ? S 
I S g 8 8 

n lit 



"2 15 ^ "^ ;^ 



Jill 



234 OuB Boys 

There is little correlation between boys' desired occupations and best 
and least liked studies 

Charts 'No. 24-P and 24-Q (see tables E"o. 24-P and 24-Q in the 
appendix) show the correlation between the boy's desired occupa- 
tion and the best and least liked study. It is noticeable that boys 
desiring to be in professional occupations are more fond of drawing 
than those in other occupations. Boys desiring to be in clerical 
occupations are most interested in commercial subjects. Boys desir- 
ing to be in retail business are most interested in commercial sub- 
jects and language. Boys desiring to be in professional occupations 
expressed their greatest dislike for manual training and language. 
Boys desiring to be in clerical occupations disliked drawing and 
language most. Boys desiring to be in retail business disliked com- 
mercial subjects, drawing, language and manual training. It should 
be noted, however, that boys desiring to follow retail business also 
expressed their greatest like for language and commercial subjects. 
The likes and dislikes for certain subjects in fact are so scattering 
and varied as to be of little value in prognosticating a boy's future 
occupation. 



OuK Boys 



235 



JJb.Ii 



lllllill.li 



*«!»•»! g 



l> ■- ■■ «l 



rsBaBa.MB 



4 
. mote vn 



il ■ . ■■ 



BlBalflliBHft 



■■■■■nal.B 









® CO li 



*i',inoio §f I 



i I 



i»»»ii # 

i 



lllJililil 



»:,PTT<« «||a.|_|B||H 



<-__ 



t 



x—u»xo { I 



lllllllllll 



'~-'-'s..nl.l,,lBl 



? 



II 

lllltll 



HI 






o 



C o o 

5 Q J5 

Ed * 

"^ to rr 



■is H O 



=<J 



« r": 



^ 






cottWc^^RrXi 



bbiiIbI. 



»nvim illllLHa^.B-' 



{ 











p -^ 



Si 


u 


> 


o 


M 


(» 




h:; 


^ 


%> 


H 


;h 


=M 


r/1 




o 


<1 


M 


s%, 


(d 


OJ 



C^ Q 



o 






P^ .2 



!U 


S c 


a 


^ 1 


Si 


1^ 


■'-n 




pq <M 


X 




»to 


(5 O 


»y 


8 ^ 


H 


g 


••* 


5 t^ 




S-^ 




^y 




o 




O 



236 Our Boys 

Chart No. 24-R (see table 'No. 24-R in the appendix) shows the 
percent of fathers and boys who are in and boys who desire to be 
in each of the various occupations. It shows very clearly that more 
boys desire to follow professional, retail business, executive positions^ 
government service, metal trades and transportation than are at 
present following these occupations. Fewer boys expressed a desire 
to continue in than are at present engaged in the other occupations. 
With few exceptions there is not a great deal of difference between 
the number of boys and fathers in each of the occupations and the 
number of boys who desire to be in them. 



Our Bovs 237 

li 



""ii • ■ ■■•■ 



< 
a o 

;• O 




238 OuE Boys 



CHAPTER XXV 

Findings and Conclusions 

The findings and oonchisions of this report as given in detail in 
the twenty-four preceding chapters are so numerous as to make it 
impossible to summarize more than the most important ones. For 
the convenience of the reader the findings are given by chapters. 

CHAPTER II — GENERAL STATISTICS 

A. The IMajobity of These Boys Are Out of School 

1. Six-sevenths of all sixteen, seventeen and eighteen year old boys in JfCw 

York State are out of school. 

2. Three-fourths of the sixteen year old boys are out of school. 

3. Seven-eighths of the seventeen year old boys are out of school. 

4. Fifteen-sixteenths of the eighteen year old boys are out of school. 

5. Of every seven boys still in school four are sixteen years old, two are 

seventeen and one is eighteen. 

B. The Majority op Boys Live in UrbAn Communities. 

1. About 54 percent of these boys live in Greater New York. 

2. 74.8 percent live in the cities of the State. 

3. 77.7 percent live in places over 5,000 population having a superintendent 

of schools. 

4. Only 16.3 percent live in strictly rural communities. 

All the Following Findings Eefer to the Employed Boys Only 

CHAPTER III — NATIONALITY 

1. In Greater New York sixty percent have both parents foreign born, ten 

percent one parent foreign born and thirty percent both parents 
American born. 

2. In Greater New York twenty percent of the boys are foreign born. 

3. About ten percent of the boys outside of Greater New York are foreign 

born. 

4. In general the foreign population is greater in the larger cities, although 

there is no direct correlation between the population of individual 
cities and the percent of foreign population. 

5. The type of foreign population varies greatly in the smaller cities. 

6. In Greater New York the foreign population is very cosmopolitan. 

7. Only three percent of the employed farm boys are foreign born. 

8. With the exception of the English, Scotch and Canadians over ninety 

percent of the foreign parents are of the same natiorfality. The 
Italians' record of over ninety-nine percent is the highest. 

CHAPTER IV — GUARDIANSHIP 

1. Only four boys out of five claim the father as guardian. 

2. Only 73.7 percent of American boys with American parents as com- 

pared with 84.7 percent of foreign boys with foreign parents claim 
the father as a guardian. Where one parent is foreign born the 
record is 80.9 percent. 

3. Twice as many fathers as mothers were reported dead. 

4. In some communities only seventy percent of the boys claim the father 

as a guardian. 

5. Five percent of the boys have neither a father nor a mother as a 

guardian. 



Our Boys 239 

CHAPTER V — FAMILIES 

1. About half of these boys come from families of four, five and six 

children. 

2. Foreign families are larger than American families. 

3. More Americans than foreigners have extremely large and extremely 

small families. 

CHAPTER VI — PERSISTENCE IN SCHOOL 

1. Over sixty -five percent remained in school one or more j^ears beyond the 

compulsory age limit. 

2. Over thirty percent left on or before reaching the legal age for leaving 

school. 

3. About six percent left illegally. 

4. In Greater New York sixty-eight percent of American born boys with 

American parents and sixty-four percent of foreign born boys with 
foreign parents remain one or more years beyond the legal age for 
leaving school. 

5. In the other cities seventy-two percent of American boys with American 

parents and sixty-one percent of foreign boys with foreign parents 
remain one or more years beyond the legal age for leaving school. 

6. The percent of American boys who are still in school is greater than the 

percent of foreign boys in every one of a random selection of eighteen 
large cities. 

CHAPTER VII — AGE LEAVING SCHOOL 

Regardless of the size of the community, nationality, parentage, guard- 
ianship, and rank in family. 

1. About thirty percent left school before fifteen. 

2. About thirty-eight percent left school between fifteen and sixteen. 

3. About twenty-six percent left school between sixteen and seventeen. 

4. The twenty-five percentile boy left school at about 14.8 years of age. 

5. The median boy left school at about 15.5 years of age. V 

6. The seventy-five percentile boy left school at about 16.2 years of age. 

CHAPTER VIII — LAST GRADES COMPLETED 

1. The twenty-five percentile boy completed about 7.4 grades. 

2. The median boy completed about 8.3 grades. 

3. The seventy-five percentile boy completed about 8.8 grades. 

4. The grades completed by the median boy vary from 8.3 vx Greater New 

York to 7.7 in the farm boy group. 

5. Sixty-two percent of the Greater New York boys completed the eighth 

grade as compared with only forty-two percent of the employed farm 
boys. 

6. Greater New York sends fewer of these boys through the first year of 

the high school than any of the other city and village groups. 

7. The average rate of progress per grade per year varies from 92.2 percent 

of a grade completed each year in Greater New York to only 82.8 per- 
cent in the farm boy group. 

8. Oldest boys make slightly better progress in school than their younger 

brothers. 
9. American born boys with two foreign parents show a higher rate of 
progress than foreign born boys with foreign parents. 

10. American boys with foreign parents in many nationality groups have a 
higher rate of progress in school than American born boys with Ameri- 
can parents. 

il. The type of foreign population rather than the percent of foreign popu- 
lation influences the average rate of progress per grade per year in 
various communities. 

12, In the larger nationality groups where both the boys and parents are 
foreign born the Scotch, Scandinavians and Russian Jews have an 
average rate of progress of over ninety-one percent and the Italians 



240 Our Boys 

of only eighty percent. Where the boys are born in America and both 
parents are foreign born the Scotch, Scandinavians, Russian Jews, 
Germans and Austro-Hungarians, all have an average rate of progress 
of about ninety-five percent while the Italians have an average of 88.7 
percent. 
13. American born boys with foreign parents have a higher average rate 
of progress per grade per year than foreign born boys with foreign 
parents and in many cases they excel the records of American boys with 
American parents. 

CHAPTER IX — REASONS FOR LEAVING SCHOOL. 

1. The vast majority of these boys left school because they "wanted to go 

to work " and not because they were obliged to. 

2. Less than fifteen percent reported that they were obliged to go to work. 

3. In New York City thirty percent gave eighth grade graduation as a 

reason for leaving. 

CHAPTER X — KIND OF SCHOOL LAST ATTENDED 

1. About ninety percent of the boys received their education in the public 
schools. 

CHAPTER XI— 'SHOP WORK DONE IN SCHOOL 

1. Relatively few boys received any training in State-aided vocational 
schools. 

CHAPTER XII — BEST AND LEAST LIKED STUDIES 

1. Mathematics is the best liked study. 

2. English is the least liked study. 

3. The maximum likes and dislikes for different subjects vary widely in the 

different grades. 

4. Likes and dislikes are not influenced by foreign birth. 

CHAPTER XIII — MONEY EARNED WHILE IN SCHOOL 

1. The majority of boys earn little money while in school. 
CHAPTER XIV — NIGHT SCHOOL ENROLLMENT 

1. Less than ten percent attend night school. 

2. Over sixty percent state that they do not wish to attend. 

3. Less than three percent of foreign born boys attend night school. 

CHAPTERS XV AND XVI — WAGES 

1. The twenty-five percentile boy received between twelve and fifteen dol- 

lars per week. 

2. The median boy received between fifteen and eighteen dollars per week. 

3. The seventy-five percentile boy received between nineteen and twenty- 

two dollars per week. 

CHAPTER XVII — OBTAINING EMPLOYMENT 

1. Less than two percent of the boys are assisted by schools, churches and 

employment agencies in getting employment. 

2. About one-fourth get their jobs through friends and acquaintances. 

3. About three-fourths get them by applying. 

CHAPTERS XVIII AND XIX — LENGTH OF TIME ON LAST JOB 

1. Over forty percent spent less than four and one-half months on their 

last job. 

2. About sixty percent spent less than seven and one-half months on their 

last job. 

CHAPTER XX — WHY THEY LIKED THEIR JOBS 

1. About one-fifth liked their job because it was easy. 

2. About one-fourth liked their job because it was interesting. 

3. About ten percent did not like them and would soon change employ- 

ment. 



Our Boys 241 

CHAPTER XXI — CARE USED IN HIRING BOYS 

I. No systematic effort is made to fit the boy to his job. 

CHAPTER XXII— IMONEY SAVED 

1. In Greater New York forty percent did not save any money and only 

ten percent saved in banks. 

2. Outside of Greater New York about twenty-five percent saved no money 

and twenty percent saved in banks. 

3. About fifty percent of all boys bought Liberty Bonds and War Savings 

Stamps. 

CHAPTER XXIII— CONTRIBUTIONS TO FAMILY SUPPORT 

1. The percent contributing nothing toward family support varies from 

10.5 in Greater New York to 19.6 in villages over 5.000 population. 

2. In Greater New York 77.4 percent contributed ten or more dollars per 

week as compared with only 59.6 per cent in the villages over 5.000. 

3. The median contribution in each city and village group falls between 

ten and fifteen dollars per week. 

4. Foreign born boys contribute more than American born boys. 

CHAPTER XXIV — OCCUPATIONS 

There is a distinct correlation between 

1. Fathers' and boys' occupations. 

2. bathers' and boys' desired occupations. 

3. Boys' present and desired occupations. 

4. Last grade completed and type of occupation. 

5. There is no more correlation in the eighteen year old group than in the 

sixteen year old group in the four items above. 

6. Most boys leaving school on or before completing the eighth grade enter 

and desire to enter the industrial trades and occupations. 

7. Most boys who complete one or more years in the High School enter 

and desire to enter professional, clerical and retail business occupa- 
tions. 

8. There is little correlation between boys' present and desired occupations 

and best and least liked studies. 



APPENDIX 



243] 



APPENDIX 



Code for Trades and Occupations 

Group 1 — Professional 



940 Accountant, certified public 821 

761 Actor 865 

856 Advisor 958 

791 Aeronautical engineer 771 

762 Architect, general 867 

763 Architect, landscape 868 

764 Architect, marine 822 

792 Architectural engineer S23 
457 Artist 831 

765 Artist and teacher of art 870 
494 Artist's apprentice 773 

793 Assayer 872 
900 Athlete (all kinds) 824 
855 Attorney, la^wyer 871 

857 Author (not journalist) 873 

794 Automotive engineer 925 

858 Bacteriologist, general 874 

860 Bugler — 877 825 

861 Chaplain 924 

796 Chemical engineer 876 

803 Chemical lab. worker 832 

797 Chemist, food analyst, inorganic, 827 

metallurgical 875 

801 Chemist, organic 926 

802 Chemist, paint mill 833 
908 Chiropodist 775 

804 Civil engineer 774 

862 Clergyman 877 

806 Commercial engineer 878 
864 Dental mechanic 927 

863 Dentist 879 
768 Designer, artistic 828 

807 Draftsman, architectural 881 

808 Draftsman, commercial 880 

809 Draftsman, detailer and tracer 776 

810 Draftsman, letterer 

811 Draftsman, machine design 883 

812 Draftsman, marine engine and 777 

auxiliary 885 

813 Draftsman, mechanical 884 

814 Draftsman, railroad shop 887 

815 Draftsman, railroad, survey 829 

816 Draftsman, reinforced concrete 830 

817 Draftsman, ship and boat 

818 Draftsman, structiiral 882 

819 Draftsman, tool design 886 

820 Draftsman, topographical or map 890 

maker 888 

899 Educator 891 

[244] 



Electrical engineer 

Electrotherapeutist 

Engineer, statistical, technical 

Engraver 

Epidemiologist 

Extension teacher, lecturer, etc. 

Heating or ventilating engineer 

Highway engineer 

Hydraulic engineer 

Hydrotherapeutist 

Illustrator 

Interpreter 

Inventor 

Investigator 

Journalist 

Manicurist 

Manual instructor, psychiatric 

Map maker 

Masseur 

Mathematician 

Mechanical engineer 

Metallurgist 

Meteorologist (weather expert) 

Midwife 

Mining engineer, general 

Motion picture laboratory expert 

Motion picture photographer 

Musician 

Neurologist 

Nurse, not trained 

Nurse, trained 

Operation and time study engineer 

Optician 

Organizer 

Painter — artist, landscape or 

mural 
Pharmacist 
Photographer 
Physical instructor 
Physician 

Physiological lab. assistant 
Plant operating engineer 
Plant operating engineer, hydro 

electric power 
Podiatrist (or orthopedist) 
Professor, college 
Psychiatrist assistant 
Psychiatrist (nurse specialist) 
Psychologist assistant 



OuB Boys 



245 



Psychologist expert 



843 Surveyor, rodman 



834 


Radio — electrical expert 




845 


Surveyor, topographical 


836 


Sanitary engineer 




846 


Surveyor, topographical, expert 


893 


Scientific observer 




847 


Surveyor, topographical field as- 


780 


Sculptor and clay modeler 






sistant 


781 


Showman 




848 


Surveyor, topographical photo- 


782 


Sign painter 






graphical survey , 


894 


Specialist 




849 


Surveyor, topographical triangu- 


962 


Statistician 






lator 


837 


Structural engineer 




859 


Taxidermist 


892 


Surgeon 




895 


Teacher 


844 


Surveyor, chainman 




851 


Telegraph engineer 


838 


Surveyor, general 




850 


Telephone engineer 


839 


Surveyor, highway 




896 


Tester 


840 


Surveyor, instrument man 


(tran- 


897 


Veterinarian 




sit) 




898 


Welfare worker, administrative 


841 


Surveyor, mine 




342 


X-Ray operator 


842 


Surveyor, railroad 










Group 


2 — Clerical 


Workers 


941 


Accountant, cost 




957 


Comptometer operator 


942 


Accountant, general 




956 


Comptroller 


943 


Auditor 




630 


Delivery boy or n.an 


944 


Bookkeeper 




627 


Errand boy 


979 


Cashier 




635 


Messenger boy 


948 


Clerk, bank 




960 


Office boy 


952 


Clerk, boat and dock 




961 


Secretary, jjrivate 


949 


Clerk, filing 




963 


Stenographer 


950 


Clerk, general office 




x02 


Stock clerk or keeper 


946 


Clerk, N. 0. S. 




675 


Telegraph messenger 


955 


Clerk, photography 




x47 


Time keeper 


954 


Clerk, Shipping 




978 


Typist 




Group 3- 


— Business 


994 


Agent 




913 


Hotel keeper and manager 


x53 


Auctioneer 




914 


Housekeeper and steward 


737 


Auto dealer 




711 


Insurance agent and official 


701 


Banker 




736 


Junk dealer 


901 


Barber 




920 


Laundry owner 


902 


Bartender 




712 


Newsboy 


903 


Billiard hall, dance hall 


keeper, 


738 


Pawn broker 




etc. 




778 


Property man, moving pictures 


904 


Boarding and lodging house 


keeper 


779 


Property man, theatrical 


613 


Boat livery 




716 


Purchasing agent 


905 


Bootblack 




717 


Real estate agent and official 


702 


Broker 




929 


Restaurant keeper 


703 


Business man 




718 


Retail dealer 


704 


Buyer, mercantile 




719 


Salesman, saleswoman 


705 


Clerk in store 




930 


Saloon keeper 


739 


Collector 




720 


Sampler 


706 


Commercial traveler 




931 


Soda dispenser 


733 


Commission man, peddler, pro- 


965 


Storekeeper, auto parts and acces- 




duce dealer 






sories 


707 


Decorator, draper, window dres- 


966 


Storekeeper, cloth or clothing 




ser 




967 


Storekeeper, commissary supplies 


605 


Exporter or Importer 






(grocer) 


708 


Floor walker 




964 


Storekeeper, general 


632 


Garage keeper 




968 


Storekeeper, general, machinery 


967 


Grocer 






or machine tools 


917 


Hairdresser 




969 


Storekeeper, hardware and tools 



246 



Our Boys 



970 
971 
972 
973 
974 
975 
976 



991 
603 
866 
992 
993 
555 

710 
265 



109 
003 

642 
743 



066 
755 
746 

747 



Storekeeper, harness and leather 977 

supplies 

Storekeeper, mining or quarrying 614 

machine equipment 72 1 

Storekeeper, ordinance and am- 723 

munition 724 

Storekeeper, pharmaceutical and 725 

surgical materials 726 

Storekeeper, photographic ap- 727 

paratus and supplies 728 

Storekeeper, railway locomotive 722 

or car parts 730 

Storekeeper, refrigeration and 729 

cold storage equipment 



Storekeeper, sawmill, woodwork- 
ing machinery 
Ticket seller 
Undertaker 
Wholesaler, clothing 
Wholesaler, electrical 
WTiolesaler, general merchandise 
Wholesaler, grocery 
Wholesaler, hardware 
Wholesaler, hay and grain 
Wholesaler, jobber or merchant 
WTiolesaler, milk dealer 
Wholesaler, shoes 



Group 4 — Exeoutive Positions 



Administrative 
Captain, master or mate 
Employment manager 
Executive 

Foreman of present job 
General manager or superintend- 
ent 
Inspector 
Master car builder 



construction, 



193 Master mechanic 

231 Master mechanic, 

mine or quarry 

232 Master mechanic R. R. 

668 Official, superintendent R. R. 

x51 Owner 

638 Proprietor and manager transfer 

company 
715 Proprietor, official, manager 



Groxjp 5 — Government Service 



Armorer 

County agent 
manager) 

Detective 

Fireman 
759 Game protector 
634 Mail carrier 

Mail clerk 

Marine 

Marshal, sheriff, etc 

Military officer 



748 Naval officer 
(farm bureau 749 Official and inspector, city and 

county 
750 Official and Inspector, State and 

U. S. 
669 Policeman 
742 Politician 
951 Postal clerk 
758 Postmaster 

753 Sailor 

754 Soldier 



Group 6 — Building Trades 



061 Bell rigger 128 

280 Brick layer 326 

277 Brick layer, furnace 330 

278 Brick layer, general 259 
618 Bolter up 304 
253 Bridge carpenter 287 
260 Carpenter, expert 286 

279 Cement finisher 305 
805 Concrete engineer 338 

282 Concrete, foreman 353 

256 Concrete, form carpenter x50 

281 Concrete, or cement worker 354 

283 Constructive foreman or sup't 370, 
995 Contractor and builder 357 

317 Crane operator, steam 288 

318 Ditcher operator 358 

257 Dock builder 306 

319 Dredge operator 266 
303 Elevator constructor 341 



Enameler 

Engineman, portable 

Fireman, portable (boiler) 

Glazier 

Iron and steel erector 

Marble setter 

Mason, stone 

Painter, iron and steel 

Pile driver 

Pipe coverer 

Pipe fitter 

Pipe, fitter, ammonia 

x40, x50. Pipe fitter general 

Pipe fitter, outside 

Plasterer 

Plumber, general 

Rigger, bridge and structural 

Roofer 

Shovel operator, steam 





Oltr 


Boys 


340 


Shovel operator, gas engine 


^89 


355 


Solderer 


300 


269 


Stage carpenter 


271 


262 


Stair builder 


290 


363 


Steam fitter 


291 




Group 7 — 


Metal 1 


101 


Aeroplane engine expert 


209 


103 


Aeroplane mechanic, general 


173 


107 


Aeroplane rigger 


310 


105 


Air propeller maker 


129 


108 


Air propeller tester 


130 


202 


Annealer and temperer 




108 


Armature winder (plant electri- 


132 




cian) 


131 


200 


Assembler, machinery expert 




110 


Assembler, small arms 


211 


123 


Auto engine block tester 


174 


201 


Automatic screw machine opera- 


212 




tor 


183 


111 


Automobile electrician 


184 


112 


Auto repairer, axle and trans- 


213 




mission, engine assembler 


186 


114 


Auto repairer, carburetor 


175 


115 


Auto repairer, chassis 


179 


116 


Auto repairer, engine inspector 


176 


117 


Auto repairer, general, expert, 


159 




inspector 


160 


118 


Auto repairer, painter 




119 


Auto repairer, radiator 


185 


113 


Auto truck assembler, expert 


214 


203 


Bakery machinist 


215 


125 


Barrel driller 


217 


126 


Barrel rifler 


219 


127 


Barrel straightener 




204 


Battery mechanic ordnance 


218 


373 


Belt man 


133 


210 


Bench assembler 


220 


170 


Blacksmith, general 


221 


171 


Blacksmith, locomotive 


335 


172 


Blacksmith, machine tool dresser 


134 


180 


Boiler maker, expert 


135 


182 


Boiler maker, locomotive 


362 


192 


Bolt maker 


161 


246 


Boring mill operator 


223 


376 


Brass worker 


137 


302 


Bucker up (holder on) 


187 


155 


Busheler 


138 


378 


Camera assembler 


139 


377 


Camera repairer 


222 


181 


Caulker 


229 


191 


Chain maker 


224 


158 


Chipper 


226 


156 


Coremaker 


227 


216 


Crank shaft operator 


228 


157 


Cupola tender 


230 


375 


Cutler 


225 


206 


Die setter, expert 




207 


Die sinker, expert 


233 


208 


Drill press operator 


162 



247 



Stone cutter 
Structural steel worker 
Tank operator 
Tile layer 
Water proofer 



Drill press operator, sensitive 

Drop forger 

Electric welder, spot 

Electrical instrument maker 

Electrican, crane expert, machin- 
ist 

Electrician, search light 

Electrician, storage battery ex- 
pert or inspector 

Erector, floor 

Farrier (see horse shoer) 

Filer and grinder 

Fitter up 

Flange turner and plate worker 

Floor assembler 

Flue welder 

Forge shop heater 

Forger 

Forging machine operator 

Foundry foreman 

Ftirnaceman, annealer, heat ten- 
der 

Gang leader 

Gauge maker 

Gear cutter operator 

Grinder, cylinder 

Grinder, cylindrical, plane or uni- 
versal operator 

Grinder, tool 

Gunsmith 

Hand screw operator (machine) 

Horizontal boring mill operator 

Hydraulic press operator 

Instrument maker, surgical 

Instrument maker, surveying 

Insulator 

Ladler 

Lathe operator 

Locksmith 

Locomotive flue setter 

Machine gun mechanic 

Machine gun mechanic, expert 

Machine operator 

IMachine tool millwright 

Machinist, general 

Machinist, locomotive, general 

Machinist, printing press 

Machinist, tool room expert 

Marine, engine machinist 

Mechanic, general (skilled hel- 
per, general) 

Mechanic, hospital 

Melter, brass 



248 



OuB Boys 



163 Melter, open hearth 
140 Metal finisher 

339 Metal sawyer 

234 Milling machine operator 
054 Millwright 

164 Moulder 

165 Moulder, iron and brass 

336 Moving picture operator 

142 Munition worker, cartridge 

143 Munition worker, fuse 

144 Munition worker, loading 

145 Munition worker, powder mill 

146 Munition worker, unclassified 

147 Nitre bluer 

337 Oiler of machinery 

148 Ordnance man 

235 Pattern maker (metal) 

236 Planer operator 
150 Plater, electroplater 

237 Press operator, drawing 

238 Press operator, punch and stamp- 

ing 

239 Profiling machine operator 

166 Puddler 

240 R. R. shop mechanic 
308 Rivet heater 



373 
379 
381 
386 
909 
910 
387 



307 Riveter hand 

177 Roller and roll hand 
401 Sewing machine adjuster 

242 Shaper operator 

1 88 Shearman 
153 Shell worker 
167 Smelterman 

178 Spring maker and fitter 

189 Steel plate straightener 
783 Stencil maker (sheet metal) 

] 90 Tank builder, steel, locomotive 

cistern and tender repairer 

680 Telephone electrician 

243 Tool maker, gauge and fixture ex- 

pert 

244 Turret lathe operator 

151 Typewriter repairer 

245 Vertical boring mill operator 

152 Watch and clock repairer 
309 Welder, electric arc 

311 Welder, gas expert 
313 Welder, general 

312 Welder, thermal 
424 Wire worker 
413 Zinc worker 



Group 8 — Woodworking 



xl4 Action maker 

120 Auto repairer, truck body, wagon 
maker, wheelwright 

041 Axeman, chopper, cutter, timber- 

man 

059 Barker 

254 Cabinet maker 
420 Chipper, wood 

263 Cooper 
xl5 Fitter 

043 Forest ranger 

042 Forester (forestry expert, oper- 

ator or expert lumberman) 

044 Forestry student 

258 Furniture factory worker, N. O. 
S. 

060 Guide 

264 Joiner or wood worker 
x06 Keymaker 

045 Kiln tender 
049 Log driver 

048 Lumber dealer, foreman or lum- 
ber handler 
055 Lumber handler (saw mill) 
058 Lumber inspector 

Gboup 9 



Button maker 
Canvas worker 
Cloth worker 
Collar cutter 
Dressmaker 
Dry cleaner 
Furrier 



046 Lumberman, scaling, mill scaler. 

tallyman 

047 Liimberman. wood boss 
141 Model maker 
261 Packer, carpenter 
270 Pattern maker, wood 
x08 Piano finisher and polisher 
x07 Piajio maker 
xll Piano tuner 

050 Pioneer, plainsman, prospector, ' 

scout 

x09 Regulator, piano or organ 

051 Saw filer 

052 Saw mill, carriage man 

053 Saw mill, log roller 

056 Saw mill, portable sawyer 
xlO Stringer, piano 

057 Timber cruiser and cross-cut 

sawyer 

xl2 Veneerer 

784 Wood carver 

xl3 Wood turner 

272 Woodworking machine operator 

273 Woodworking mill man 

— Clothing 

xl8 Hat maker 

x85 Hatter 

935 Milliner 

400 Sewing machine operator 

380 Shirt cutter 

409 Tailor 



Our Bovs 



249 



Group 10' — Clay, Glass, Stone and Mining 



098 
062 
063 

064 
065 
066 
090 
067 
091 
068 
071 
069 
092 
072 
073 
074 
333 

093 
388 
389 
390 
334 



450 
480 
469 
465 
466 
483 
478 
443 
454 
477 
464 
476 
479 
474 
439 
447 
436 
470 
459 
445 
473 
461 
489 
442 
471 
431 
446 
451 
496 
485 
438 
482 



Air lift expert 154 

Blaster and powder man 136 
Block maker and trimmer 296 

(quarry) 079 

Breaker hand 077 

Cager and grip man 088 

Car man 075 

Caser (wells) 078 

Cutter 070 

Derrick and rig builder 100 

Door tender 094 

Drill boy 095 

Driller, general 097 

Driller, well 084 

Driver 085 

Engineer, mining 429 

Fan runner 082 
Gas plant operator, oxygen and 081 

hydrogen 083 

Gauger, stream x84 

Glass blower (glass factory) 086 

Glass cutter 087 

G'lass worker 099 

Grader operator (stone) 0S9 



Lens grinder 

Lens maker 

Marble and stone yard N. (). 

Millman and crushman 

Mine shift boss 

Mine ventilating expert 

Miner, N. 0. S. 

Motorman 

Mucker 

Oil refiner 

Pipe puller 

Pressure tester 

Pump man 

Quarry foreman 

Quarryman 

Sand blaster 

Screener and washer 

Siever 

Shaft tender 

Thermometer maker 

Timberman 

Topnian 

Trenchman pipe layer 

Weigher 



Group 11^ — Printing 



Apprentice, bindery worker 435 

Apprentice, electrotyper 486 

Apprentice, stereotyper 481 

Apprentice, photo engraAer 448 

Art apprentice, engra.ver 472 

Artist 434 

Batteryman 493 

Bindery foreman 453 

Bindery man 455 

Blocker, electrotyper 456 

Blocker, photo engraver 458 

Builder 437 

Case filler 432 

Caster 492 

Copy holder 487 

Cutter 484 

Cylinder press feeder 433 

Electrotyper 462 

Etcher 460 

Finisher, bindery worker 475 

Finisher, electrotyper 444 

Finisher, photo engraver 452 

Fly boy, lithographer 467 

Fly boy, pressroom Avorker 468 

Foreman, electrotyper 491 

Foreman, printer 463 

Forwarder 490 

Gatherer 488 

General printer 440 

Grainer 441 

Hand compositor 449 
Letterman 



Linotyper 

Litho-engraver 

Lithographer 

Machine folder 

Molder 

Monotype operator 

Other apprentice, lithographer 

Other bindery worker 

Photo engraver 

Photo engraver, foreman 

Photographer, engraver 

Platen press feeder 

Platen pressman 

Press feeder 

Pressman, cylinder 

Pressman, foreman, litho. 

Proofreader 

Proofer 

Pouter 

Pouter, engraver 

Ruler 

Sewer 

Stereotyper 

Stereotyper, foreman 

Stone polisher 

Stripper 

Tracer 

Transferrer and proofer 

Webb pressman 

Webb pressman, assistant 

Wire stitcher 



250 



Our Boys 



Group 12 — Trwnsportation 



104 
795 
251 
252 
600 
653 
654 
601 
602 
686 
205 
615 
626 
656 
657 
611 
629 
658 
324 
323 
325 
628 
659 
329 
660 
631 
679 
661 
709 
662 
663 
664 
665 
356 



001 
002 
540 
556 
732 
542 
543 
558 
541 
906 
559 
552 
557 
545 
546 
547 
548 
550 
551 
549 
005 
004 



Aeroplane pilot, aviator 826 

Balloonist 639 

Boat builder 640 

Boat caulker 636 

Boatman 667 

Brakeman 607 

Cableman 608 

Cableman, submarine 609 

Canalman 339 

Car inspector 685 

Car repairer 671 

Carriage and hack driver 687 

Chauffeur 398 

Conductor, railroad 268 

Conductor, street 616 

Deckhand 615 

Drayman, teamster 617 

Engineer, locomotive 610 

Engineman, gas and locomotive 612 

Engineman, gas or oil 689 

Engineman, marine and boat 672 

Expressman 673 
Eireman, locomotive 

Fireman, marine boiler 674 

Flagman 677 

Foreman, livery 676 

Foreman, track, railroad 410 

Freight traffic man 678 

Ganger 684 

Hostler, car 688 

Hostler, locomotive 683 

Lineman, cable and feeder 345 

Lineman, general CS2 
Locomotive pipe fitter, steamfit- 681 
ter 



Marine engineer 

Motor truck driver 

Motor truck master 

Motorcyclist 

Motorman, street and electric 

Pilot, marine 

Purser 

Quartermaster, steersman 

Radio operator 

Railroad inspector 

Railroad switchman 

Railroader 

Sailmaker 

Ship carpenter 

Ship checker 

Ship fitter 

Ship layer out 

Ship rigger 

Ship traffic man 

Signal maintainer 

Signalman 

Station agent, railroad (ticket 

agent ) 
Telegrapher 
Telephone operator 
Terminal traffic manager 
Tire repairer 
Trackman, railroad 
Train caller 
Train dispatcher 
Trainman 

Wrecking crane operator 
Yardman, railroad 
Yardmaster 



Geoup 13 — Food Production and Preparation 



Agricultural worker 006 

Apiarist (beekeeper) 007 

Baker 009 

Blender 010 

Bottler, milk Oil 

Brewery worker 008 

Butcher or killer 037 

Butter maker 038 

Canner (preserver) 039 

Caterer 012 

Cheese maker 013 

Chocolate and cocoa worker 015 

Coffee roaster 016 

Cold storage foreman 014 

Cold storage worker 731 

Confectioner 017 
Cook 

Cook, pastry 018 
Creamery and condensery worker 019 

Curer and smoker 660 

Dairy farm foreman 020 

Dairy farmer 544 



Ditcher 

Drainage expert, engineer 

Farm foreman or manager 

Farm laborer (home) 

Farm laborer (working out) 

Farmer 

Farmer, owner 

Farmer, tenant 

Fisherman 

Florist 

Fruit grower 

Garden foreman 

Garden laborer 

Gardener 

Grader, milk 

Greenhouse and florist foreman 

and manager 
Greenhouse and florist laborer 
Horseman 
Ice cream maker 
Insect specialist 
Meat cutter or dealer 



OuE Boys 



251 



553 
022 
023 
021 
024 
025 
040 
554 
026 
028 
027 



102 
505 
506 
507 
508 
509 
510 
384 
501 
511 
513 
514 
515 
512 
xOl 
516 
517 
518 
395 



Miller 030 

Nursery foreman or manager 031 

Nursery laborer 

Nursery man 032 

Orchard foreman 029 

Orchard laborer 033 

Oysterman 

Packing-house worker 034 

Pigeon fancier 035 

Poultry raiser 036 

Poultry-yard laborer 



Stock farm foreman or manager 

Stock herder, drover, feeder, 
stable boss 

Stock or cattle buyer and shipper 

Stock raiser 

Thresher, cornsheller, wood saw- 
yer, hay and straw baler, etc. 

Vine grower 

Vineyard foreman and manager 

Vineyard laborer 



Group 14 — Textiles 



Aeroplane clothmakcr 

Beamer 

Bobbin boy 

Burler, cloth 

Carder 

Carrier 

Comber 

Cordage worker 

Cotton textile worker, N. 

Doffer 

Drawer 

Dresser 

Drier 

Dyer 

Factory worker, N. 0. S. 

Fulling mill operator 

Knitter 

Lapper 

Loom fixer 

Group 15 



519 Mixer 

504 Other worker 

520 Reeler 

521 Rover, slubber 

502 Silk textile worker, N. 0. S. 

522 Slasher 

523 Sorter 
f24 Spinner 

0. S. 525 Spooler 

526 Tacker 

527 Textile expert 

529 Twister 

530 Warper 

531 Weaver 

532 Winder 

503 Wool and worsted worker, N. O. 

S. 

533 Wool sorter 

534 Wool washer, scourer 



Shoes and Leather Industries 



599 Beamster 

561 Beater out 

591 Binding machine operator 

562 Blacker and stainer 

563 Bottomer 

564 Bowmaker and tier 
428 Catcher 

427 Cementer 

566 Channeler 

385 Cobbler (shoe repairer) 

535 Currier 

567 Cutter 

528 Cutter, tannery 

423 Dresser, leather 

565 Edger, and edge setter 
594 Kxaminer 

568 Folder and header 
598 Fur liner 

536 Glazier and roller, tannery 
593 Glove buttoner 

589 Glove cutter 

391 Glove maker 

392 Harness maker and saddler 

569 Heel maker 

570 Ironer 

571 Labeler 



572 Lacer 

573 Laster 
596 Launderer 
590 Layer off 

394 Leather worker, N. 0. S. 

538 Letter out 

574 Marker 

575 Nailer and pegger 
592 Oversewer 

576 Packer 

577 Presser, molder and counter 

maker 

595 Riveter 

578 Rounder and breaster 

579 Shanker 

414 Shoe factory worker 

405 Shoe machine cloth stitcher 
404 Shoe machine operator 

406 Shoe maker 
426 Skiver 

581 Sole layer 

582 Soler 

583 Sorter and matcher 

580 Splitter 
425 Staker 
403 Stitcher 



252 




Our 


Boys 


597 


Table cutter 




586 


Trimmer 


584 


Table hand 




587 


Turner 


526 


Tacker, tannery 




588 


Wheeler 


585 


Treer 










Groxjp 16 - 


— Miscellaneous 


Manufactures 


415 


Back tender 




322 


Engineman and fireman (station- 


xl6 


Basket maker 






ary) 


416 


Beaterman 




772 


Finisher, still photographer 


417 


Bleacher 




331 


Fireman (stationary boiler) 


766 


Blue printer 




332 


Gas works operator 


x42 


Box maker, paper 




393 


Jeweler and precious metalsmith 


418 


Broke hustler 




422 


Machine tender, sparehand 


374 


Broom maker 




713 


Other tradesman, miscellaneous 


372 


Brush maker 






tradesman and worker in occu- 


419 


Calenderer 






pation not coded 


947 


Candle maker 




407 


Paint mill foreman 


383 


Cigar maker and tobacconist 


408 


Paint mill worker 


421 


Cooker 




412 


Paper maker 


769 


Developer, motion picture 


397 


Rubber worker 


770 


Developer, still 




122 
411 


Upholsterer 
Vulcanizer 






Glioup 17 


— Labor | 


651 


Ash-pit man 




402 


Laborer, helper 


934 


Bell hop or bell boy- 




745 


Laborer (public service) 


714 


Bill poster 




922 


Launderer, laundress not in 


652 


Boiler washer 






laundry 


945 


Bundle boy 




919 


Laundry foreman 


655 


Car icing man 




921 


Laundry machine operator 


274 


Carpet layer 




923 


Laundry worker, general 


907 


Charman and cleaner 




xSl 


Orderly, hospital 


382 


Chemical worker 




080 


Packer 


911 


Disinfector 




757 


Page or usher 


604 


Diver 




670 


Patrolman, pipe line 


912 


Elevator tender 




928 


Porter, except in stores 


xll 


Film coater 




637 


Road worker 


744 


Guard, watchman, keeper 


(door) 


932 


Servant. 


285 


Hod carrier 




600 


Stevedore 


633 


Hostler, horses 




344 


Tractor operator 


916 


Janitor or sexton 




933 


Waiter 


918 


Laborer ( domestic and 
sional service) 


profes- 







Our Boys 



253 



Population and Enrollment 

Of all Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys 
TABLE No. 1-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


Total 
popu- 
lation 

of 
boys 


Total 
number 
enrolled 


Total 
per cent 
enrolled 


Popu- 
lation 
of boys 
not in 
school 


Em- 
ployed 
boys 
enrolled 


Per cent 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 

enrolled 


Popu- 
lation 

of 
school 
boys 


S'hoo! 

boys 

enrolled 




3,028 
900 
973 

1.585 
12,955 

1,202 
1,051 

700 
1,160 

811 

920 

1,317 

638 

927 

7,370 

2,355 
4,546 
2,06.S 
2,491 
833 

2,699 

142,472 


2,237 

612 

566 

1,016 

8,166 

878 
800 
603 
950 
656 

574 
901 
436 
707 
5,107 

2,044 
2,829 
1,443 
1,801 
694 

1,810 

100 , 252 


73.8 
68.0 
58.2 
64.1 
63.0 

72.0 
76.1 
86.1 
81.9 
80.9 

62.4 
68.4 
68.3 
76.3 
69.3 

86.8 
62.2 
69.8 
72.3 
83.3 

67.1 

70.4 


2,554 

811 

841 

1,375 

11,258 

980 
858 
561 
859 
706 

762 

1,147 

546 

698 

6,322 

1,825 
3,892 
1,668 
2,246 
701 

2,271 

124,879 


1,763 
523 
434 
806 

6,469 

656 
607 
464 
649 
551 

416 
731 
344 
478 
4,059 

1,514 
2,175 
1,043 
1,556 
562 

1,382 

82,6.59 


69.0 
64.5 
51.6 
58.6 
57.5 

67.0 
70.8 
82.7 
75.6 
78.0 

54.6 
63.7 
63.0 
68.5 
64.2 

83.0 
55.9 
62.5 
69.3 
80.2 

60.8 

66.2 


474 

89 

132 

210 

1,697 

222 
193 
139 
301 
105 

158 

170 

92 

229 

1,048 

530 
654 
400 
245 
132 

428 

17,593 


474 




89 




132 




210 


Buffalo 


1,697 


Elmira 


222 


Jamestown 


193 




139 


Mt. Vernon 


301 




105 


New Rochelle 


158 


Niagara Falls 


170 




92 


Poughkeepsie 

Rochester 


229 
1,048 




530 


Syracuse 

Troy 


654 
400 


Utica 


245 


Watertown 


132 

428 


New York 


17,593 



TABLE No. 1-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Caiiandaigua. 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland . . 
Dunkirk. . . 
Fulton . . . . 
Geneva. . . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls . 
Gloversville. 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . . 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls . . . 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . 



Middletown 

No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 



Oneida .... 
Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg. 
Port Jervis . 
Rensselaer. 



361 


280 


77.6 


272 


191 


70.2 


89 


296 


205 


69.3 


272 


181 


66.5 


24 


199 


153 


76.9 


143 


97 


67.8 


56 


626 


496 


79.2 


562 


432 


76.9 


64 


422 


405 


96.0 


333 


316 


94.9 


89 


354 


270 


76.3 


245 


161 


65.7 


109 


517 


473 


91.5 


427 


383 


89.7 


90 


346 


288 


83.2 


274 


216 


78.8 


72 


390 


332 


85.1 


265 


207 


78.1 


125 


294 


159 


54.1 


254 


119 


46.8 


40 


445 


296 


66.5 


323 


174 


53.8 


122 


592 


342 


57.8 


541 


291 


53.8 


51 


402 


305 


75.9 


327 


230 


70,3 


75 


316 


233 


73.7 


2.50 


167 


66.8 


66 


494 


434 


87.8 


243 


183 


75.3 


251 


294 


209 


71.1 


247 


162 


65.6 


47 


450 


259 


57.6 


416 


225 


54.1 


34 


350 


221 


63.1 


298 


169 


56.7 


52 


566 


382 


67.5 


436 


252 


57.8 


130 


217 


*245 


112.9 


188 


*216 


114.9 


29 


490 


338 


69.0 


421 


269 


63.9 


69 


396 


287 


72.5 


347 


238 


68.6 


49 


221 


159 


71.9 


168 


106 


63.1 


53 


430 


258 


60.0 


328 


156 


47.6 


102 


553 


531 


96.0 


431 


409 


94.9 


122 


279 


160 


57.3 


244 


125 


51.2 


35 


307 


224 


73.0 


251 


168 


66.9 


56 


295 


249 


84.4 


209 


163 


78.0 


86 


273 


224 


82.0 


211 


162 


76.8 


62 


292 


273 


93.5 


209 


190 


90.9 


S3 



89 
24 
56 
64 
89 

109 
90 
72 

125 
40 

122 
51 
75 
66 

251 

47 
34 
52 
130 
29 

69 

49 

53 

102 

122 

35 
56 
86 
62 

83 



* Extra boys enrolled who lived outside of city. 



254 



Our Boys 



Population and Enrollment 

0/ all Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys 
TABLE No. 1-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 


Total 
popu- 
lation 

of 
boys 


Total 
number 
enrolled 


Total 
per cent 
enrolled 


Popu- 
lation 
of boys 
not in 
school 


Em- 
ployed 

boys 
enrolled 


Per cent 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 

enrolled 


Popu- 
lation 

of 
school 
boys 


School 

boys 

enrolled 




623 
247 
355 
265 
432 

593 


437 
208 
239 
197 
361 

386 


70.1 
84.2 
67.3 
74.3 
83.6 

65.1 


529 
192 
295 
230 
394 

461 


343 
153 
179 
162 
323 

254 


64.8 
79.7 
60.7 
70.4 
82.0 

55.1 


94 
55 
60 
35 
38 

132 


94 




55 


Saratoga Springs 


60 
35 


Watervliet 


38 


White Plains 


132 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 1-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport 

Hastings. . . 
Haverstraw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer. . . 



Hoosick Falls . 
Hudson Falls. 
Huntington. . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City . 



Lancaster. . . . 
Lawrence. . . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarry town. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue. . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan 

Port Chester. 



Port Washington . 
Rockville Center . 
Saranac Lake . . . . 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarry town. 
Walden . . . 
Waterford . 
Waverly . . . 
Wellsville. . 



Whitehall. 



182 


48 


26.4 


172 


38 


22.1 


10 


146 


122 


83.6 


100 


76 


76.0 


46 


155 


116 


74.8 


148 


109 


73.6 


7 


219 


*269 


122.8 


164 


*214 


130.5 


65 


144 


133 


91.6 


103 


91 


88.3 


41 


445 


336 


75.5 


204 


95 


46.6 


241 


167 


85 


50.9 


155 


73 


47.1 


12 


150 


137 


91.3 


122 


109 


89.4 


28 


294 


195 


66.3 


150 


51 


34.0 


144 


303 


240 


79.2 


257 


194 


75.5 


46 


152 


107 


70.4 


124 


79 


63.7 


28 


154 


144 


93.5 


113 


103 


91.1 


41 


196 


*243 


124.0 


62 


*109 


175.8 


134 


265 


*326 


123.0 


223 


*284 


127.4 


42 


181 


*200 


110.5 


155 


*174 


112.3 


26 


153 


153 


100.0 


137 


137 


100.0 


16 


88 


*100 


113.6 


28 


*40 


142.9 


60 


238 


209 


87.8 


178 


149 


83.7 


60 


231 


178 


77.1 


153 


100 


65.4 


78 


160 


147 


91.9 


117 


104 


89.0 


43 


178 


135 


75.8 


134 


91 


68.0 


44 


180 


116 


64.4 


151 


87 


57.6 


29 


143 


*181 


126.6 


90 


*128 


142.2 


53 


124 


*143 


115.3 


74 


*93 


125.7 


50 


311 


252 


81.0 


219 


160 


73.1 


92 


124 


72 


58.0 


108 


56 


51.8 


16 


208 


195 


93.8 


107 


94 


87.8 


101 


424 


371 


87.5 


299 


246 


82.3 


125 


139 


93 


66.9 


96 


50 


52.1 


43 


449 


369 


82.2 


390 


310 


79.5 


59 


109 


*131 


120.2 


56 


*78 


139.2 


53 


221 


138 


62.4 


137 


54 


39.4 


84 


134 


S3 


61.9 


105 


54 


51.4 


29 


198 


122 


61.6 


166 


90 


64.2 


32 


176 


101 


57.4 


158 


83 


52.5 


. 18 


158 


108 


68.4 


85 


35 


41.2 


73 


168 


114 


67.8 


148 


94 


63.5 


20 


87 


*108 


124.1 


69 


*9C 


130.4 


18 


143 


83 


58.0 


115 


55 


47.8 


28 


128 


*144 


112.5 


84 


*100 


119.0 


44 


142 


140 


98.6 


122 


120 


98.4 


20 



* Extra boys enrolled who lived outside of village. 



Our Boys 



255 



CITIES 



Per Cent of Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys 

In and Out of School 
TABLE No. 2-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



Albany 

Amsterdam. . 

Auburn 

Binghamton . 
Buffalo 

Elmira 

Jamestown . . 
Kingston . . . . 
Mt. Vernon. . 
Newburgh. . . 

New Rocliclle 
Niagara Falls 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie 
Rochester. . . . 

Schenectady . 
Syracuse .... 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown . . 

Yonkers 

New York . . . 



Oct of School 


] 


N School 


Ages 


Ages 


16 


17 


18 


16 


17 


18 


72.4 


87.5 


92.7 


27.6 


12.5 


7.3 


83.4 


92.7 


94.3 


16.6 


7.3 


5.7 


78.1 


87.0 


94.1 


21.9 


13.0 


5.9 


77.5 


85.0 


97.4 


22.5 


15.0 


2.6 


78.6 


87.6 


94.6 


21.4 


12.4 


5.4 


70.8 


83.0 


90.8 


29.2 


17.0 


9.2 


64.9 


88.6 


91.4 


35.1 


11.4 


8.6 


70.4 


78.5 


91.4 


29.6 


21.5 


8.6 


Cl.l 


71.5 


89.4 


38.9 


28.5 


10.6 


81.5 


86.7 


93.0 


18.5 


13.3 


7.0 


71.6 


83.3 


93.5 


28.4 


16.7 


6.5 


76.3 


90.2 


94.8 


23.7 


9.8 


5.2 


76.4 


84.9 


95,3 


23.6 


15.1 


4.7 


62.8 


76.4 


86.7 


37.2 


23.6 


13.3 


76.7 


88.5 


92.1 


23.3 


11.5 


7.9 


65.9 


79.6 


87.0 


34.1 


20.4 


13.0 


79.6 


85.2 


92.1 


20.4 


14.8 


7.9 


73.7 


77.4 


90.9 


26.3 


22.6 


9.1 


84.7 


89.9 


95.9 


15.3 


10.1 


4.1 


73.3 


82.7 


96.4 


26.7 


17.3 


3.6 


72.5 


86.1 


93.8 


27.5 


13.9 


6.2 


79.3 


89.0 


94.7 


20.7 


11.0 


5.2 



Total 

number 

of boys 

in each 

age 

group 



1,009 
300 
324 
528 

4,318 

400 
350 
233 
386 
270 

306 
439 
212 
309 
2,456 

785 
1,515 
689 
830 
277 

899 

47,491 



Total 
popu- 
lation 
of boys 



3,028 
900 
973 

1,585 
12,955 

1,202 
1,051 

700 
1,160 

811 

920 

1,317 

638 

927 

7,370 

2»355 
4,546 
2,068 
2,491 
833 

2,699 

142,472 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. . . 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove 

Glens Falls .... 
Gloversville. . . . 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 

Johnstown 

Lackawanna . . . 
Little Falls .... 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . . 

Middletown. . . . 
No. Tonawanda 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg .... 
Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsburg 

Port Jervis 

Rensselaer 



TABLE No. 


2-B — CITIES 


UNDER 25,000 


.59.2 


79.2 


87.5 


40.8 


20.8 


12.5 


87.8 


93.7 


95.9 


12.2 


6.3 


4.1 


40.9 


81.8 


92.5 


59.1 


18.2 


7.5 


82.7 


90.9 


95.7 


17.3 


9.1 


4.3 


62.9 


83.6 


90.0 


37.1 


16.4 


10.0 


66.1 


63.6 


78.0 


33.9 


36.4 


22.0 


61.6 


89.0 


94. S 


38.4 


11.0 


5.2 


71.4 


80.0 


86.1 


2S.6 


20.0 


13.9 


57.7 


73.9 


72.3 


42.3 


26.1 


27.7 


74.5 


90.8 


93.9 


25.5 


9.2 


6.1 


58.8 


70.3 


88.0 


41.2 


29.7 


11.5 


85.3 


92.9 


95.9 


14.7 


7.1 


4.1 


09.4 


82.1 


92.6 


30.6 


17.9 


7,4 


64.8 


81.1 


91.5 


35.2 


18.9 


8,5 


26.1 


39.0 


81.7 


73.9 


61,0 


18,3 


66.4 


85.8 


96.9 


33.6 


14,2 


3.1 


85.4 


96.7 


95.3 


14.6 


3.3 


4.7 


81.9 


93.1 


80.2 


18.1 


6.9 


19.8 


55.9 


84.1 


90.9 


44.1 


15.9 


9.1 


73.6 


87.5 


98.6 


26.4 


12.5 


1.4 


78.5 


84.7 


94.5 


21,5 


15.3 


5.5 


70.4 


97.7 


94.7 


29.6 


2.3 


5.3 


63.0 


82.0 


89.1 


37,0 


18.0 


10.9 


53.8 


87.4 


87.4 


46,2 


12.6 


12.6 


59.8 


84.3 


89.5 


40.2 


15.7 


10,5 


77.4 


90.3 


94.6 


22,6 


9.7 


5.4 


70.6 


78.5 


96.1 


29.4 


21.5 


3.9 


50.0 


77.5 


84.7 


50.0 


22.5 


15.3 


62.6 


84.6 


84.6 


37.4 


15.4 


15.4 


53.6 


78.3 


82.5 


46.4 


21.7 


17.5 



120 

98 

66 

208 

140 

118 
172 
115 
130 



148 
197 
134 
105 
164 



150 

116 

188 

72 

163 
132 
73 
143 
184 

93 
102 
98 
91 
97 



361 
296 
199 
626 
422 

354 
517 
346 
390 
294 

445 
592 
402 
316 
494 

294 
450 
350 
566 
217 

490 
396 
221 
430 
553 

279 
307 
295 
273 
292 



256 



Our Boys 



Per Cent of Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys 

In and Out op School 

TABLE No. 2-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000— {Concluded) 





Out op School 


In School 


Total 

number 

of boys 

in each 

age 

group 


Total 
popu- 
latioa 
of boys 


CITIES 


Ages 


Ages 




16 


17 


18 


16 


17 


18 




76.6 
45.1 
68.7 
80.7 
82.6 

71.1 


85.5 
91.5 
85.6 
87.5 
93.1 

72.1 


92.8 
96.4 
94.9 
92.1 
97.9 

89.9 


23.4 
54.9 
31.3 
19.3 
17.4 

28.9 


14.5 
8.5 
14.4 
12.5 
6.9 

27.9 


7.2 
3.6 
5.1 
7.9 
2.1 

10.1 


207 
82 

118 
88 

144 

197 


623 


Salamanca 

Saratoga Springs. . . 

Tonawanda 

Watervliet 

White Plains 


247 
355 
265 
432 

593 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 2-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport 

Hastings 

Haverstraw. . . 
Hempstead. . . 
Herkimer 

Hoosick Falls . 
Hudson Falls. 
Huntington. . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City . 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. , 
Maseena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue . . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan . . . 
Port Chester. 



Port Washington . 
Rockville Center. 
Saranac Lake. . . . 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown. 

Walden 

Waterford . 
Waverly. . . 
Wellsville. . 



Whitehall. 



95.1 
53.0 
96.2 
53.4 
37.5 

.7 
89.3 
68.0 

"77;3 

66.7 
54.9 



80.4 

'58;2 
63.6 
52.8 

50 

85.0 

43.8 

26.9 

46.2 

80.5 
11.6 
56.7 
39.2 
84.7 



27.0 
64.4 
77.3 
78.0 

26.4 
80.3 
69.0 
58.3 
48.8 

76.6 



96.7 
65.3 
90.4 
82.2 
79.1 

72.3 
92.9 
82.0 
44.9 
86.2 

88.2 
78.4 
53.8 
85.2 
98.3 

98.1 
34.5 
70.9 
59.7 
67.9 

88.1 
76.7 
62.5 
68.2 
75.0 

87.8 
57.9 
68.1 
69.6 
84.7 

69.4 
71.6 
86.7 
83.3 
94.9 

60.4 
89.3 
69.0 
89.6 
58.2 

87.2 



91.8 
87.8 
100.0 
89.1 
97.9 

64.2 
96.4 
94.0 
88.5 
91.1 

90.2 
86.3 
83.1 
89.8 
91.7 

90.2 
86.2 
94.9 
75.3 
98.1 

86.5 
90.0 
83.4 
82.9 
90.4 

92.7 
84.1 
86.5 
97.8 
91.3 

88.9 

87.9 

84.4 

90 

96.6 

75.5 
94.7 
100.0 
93.7 
90.7 

93.6 



4.9 


3.3 


f 8.2 


47.0 


34.7 


12.2 


3.8 


9.6 




46.6 


17.8 


10.9 


62.5 


20.9 


2.1 


99.3 


27.7 


35.8 


10.7 


7.1 


3.6 


32.0 


18.0 


6.0 


*118.0 


55.1 


11.5 


22.7 


13.8 


8.9 


33.3 


11.8 


9.8 


45.1 


21.6 


13.7 


*143.0 


46.2 


16.9 


22.7 


14.8 


10.2 


16.6 


1.7 


8.3 


19.6 


1.9 


9.8 


*122.6 


65.6 


13.8 


41.8 


29.1 


5.1 


36.4 


40.3 


24.7 


47.2 


32.1 


1.9 


49.2 


11.9 


13.5 


15.0 


23.3 


10.0 


56.2 


37.5 


16.6 


73.1 


31.7 


17.1 


53.8 


25.0 


9.6 


19.5 


12.2 


7.3 


88.4 


42.1 


15.9 


43.3 


31.9 


13.5 


60.8 


30.4 


2.2 


15.3 


15.3 


8.7 


*105.5 


30.6 


11.1 


73.0 


28.4 


12.1 


35.6 


13.3 


15.6 


22.7 


16.7 


9.1 


22.0 


5.1 


3.4 


73.6 


39.6 


24.6 


19.7 


10.7 


5.3 


31.0 


31.0 




41.7 


10.4 


6.3 


51.2 


41.8 


9.3 


23.4 


12.8 


6.4 



148 
66 
50 
78 

101 

51 
51 
65 
88 
60 

51 
29 
79 
77 
53 

59 
60 
48 
41 
104 

41 
69 

141 
46 

150 

36 

74 
45 
66 
59 

53 
56 
29 

48 
43 

47 



* Extra boys enrolled who lived outside of city. 



Our Boys 



257 



Per Cent of all Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys Respectively who Enrolled 

on December 3, 1918 
TABLE No. 2-E — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


16 
years 


17 
years 


18 

years 


Popu- 
lation 
of boys 


Number 
of boys 
enrolled 


Total 
per cent 
enrolled 




84.4 
79.0 
67.7 
72.0 
77.6 

87.5 

99.1 

*109.0 

*109.3 

83.8 

77.5 
77.7 
84.0 
*100.6 
77.3 

93.6 
73.9 
84.9 
78.1 
92.4 

89.1 

92.8 


70.4 
69.7 
69.4 
63.4 
64.6 

79.8 
69,1 
90.1 
88.6 
81. 1 

64.8 
68.3 
69.5 
72.8 
66.1 

88.2 
69.2 
70.8 

78.3 
87.8 

70.4 

78.5 


66.8 
55.3 
37.3 
38.1 
39.8 

51.8 
60 
59.2 
47.6 

77.8 

44.8 
59.2 
51.4 
55.3 
53.4 

78.6 
46.3 
53.5 
60.5 
69.7 

45.1 

29.7 


3 028 
900 
973 

1 . .585 
12.955 

1 202 

i.o-.i 

700 

1,160 

811 

920 

1,317 

638 

927 

7,370 

2.355 

4 546 

2 06S 
2,491 

833 

2,699 
142,472 


2.237 

612 

566 

1 016 

8,166 

878 
800 
603 

9;o 

656 

574 
901 
436 
707 
5,107 

2.0i4 
2,829 
1,443 
1,801 
694 

1,810 

100,252 


73.8 




68.0 




.58.2 




64.1 


Buffalo 


63.0 




73 




76.1 




86 1 


Mt Vernon 


81 9 




80.9 




62 4 




68 4 




68.3 




76 3 




69.3 




86.8 




62.2 


Troy 


69 8 


Utica 


72.3 




83 3 




67 1 


New York 


70.4 



TABLE No. 2-F — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland. . 
Dunkirk. . . 

Fulton 

Geneva. . . . 
Glen Cove . 



Glens Falls.. 
Glovcrsville. 

Hornoll 

Hudson 

Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . . 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls . . . 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . 



Middletown 

No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 



Oneida .... 
Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg. 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer . 



95.9 


77.8 


100.0 


96.1 


*122.0 


78.0 


*113.3 


87.9 


95.4 


64.3 


80.5 


69.7 


94.0 


81.1 


*110.3 


76.5 


79.3 


64.1 


89,9 


*119.1 


87.2 


96.9 


90.5 


85,4 


*115.1 


62.4 


78,6 


97.0 


84.6 


*U1,2 



80,9 


69,7 


69,7 


80.9 


90.1 


87.3 


91,3 


94.8 


84.6 


46.9 


66.2 


55.8 


73,9 


69.5 


*103,0 


66.3 


50.7 


63.2 


55,6 


*120,8 


68.7 


64,4 


75,7 


42,0 


90,2 


61,3 


87,2 


83,7 


74,7 


89.6 



55,8 


361 


280 


77.6 


60,2 


296 


205 


69,3 


60.6 


199 


153 


76,9 


60,6 


626 


496 


79.2 


75,7 


422 


405 


96,0 


63,6 


354 


270 


76,3 


69,8 


517 


473 


91.5 


67,0 


346 


288 


83,2 


75,4 


390 


332 


85,1 


51,0 


294 


159 


54,1 


52,7 


445 


296 


66.5 


47,7 


592 


342 


57.8 


59,7 


402 


305 


75,9 


70,5 


316 


233 


73.7 


50.0 


494 


434 


87.8 


70.4 


294 


209 


71.1 


42.7 


450 


259 


57.6 


62.1 


350 


221 


63.1 


56.9 


566 


382 


67.5 


98.6 


217 


245 


*il2.9 


50.9 


490 


338 


69,0 


56,1 


396 


287 


72.5 


49,3 


221 


159 


71,9 


52.4 


430 


258 


60,0 


82,6 


553 


531 


96,0 


48,4 


279 


160 


57.3 


53,0 


307 


224 


73,0 


72,4 


295 


249 


84,4 


86,8 


273 


224 


82,0 


79,4 


292 


273 


93.5 



* High enrollment caused by enrollment of boys who were non-residents of the city. 

9 



258 



OuK Boys 



P er Cent of all Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Boys Respectively who Enrolled 

on December 3, 1918 
TABLE No. 2-F — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 


16 

years 


17 
years 


18 
years 


Popu- 
lation 
of boys 


Number 
of boys 
enrolled 


Total 
per cent 
enrolled 




69.4 
*106.0 
77.3 
67.4 
93.7 

74.7 


63.0 

81.7 
70,3 
87.5 
75.7 

70.2 


56.0 
64.6 
54.2 
68,2 
81.2 

50.2 


623 
247 
355 
265 
432 

59,3 


437 
208 
239 
197 
361 

386 


70.1 


Salamanca 


84.2 
67.3 


Tonawanda 


74.3 
83.6 


White Plains 


65.1 



TABLE No. 2-G — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

CatskiU 


24.6 

89.8 

96.1 

tl34.4 

tllO.4 

72.1 
46.4 

tl30.0 
58.7 

100.00 

88.2 
tl07.7 
tl86.6 
tl06.7 

tiis.o 

tll3.7 
tl45.4 
tl23.9 
81.8 
tl09.2 

83.3 

58.1 

tl39.6 

tloO.O 

9'9.0 

73.8 

tl06.5 

tl04.9 

100.0 

90.8 

tl75.7 
55.2 
86.6 
65.1 
61.0 

84.9 
82.1 

tl51.7 
85.4 

till. 6 

91.6 


18.0 

89.8 

82.7 

tl50.7 

tl06.2 

47.6 
58.9 
78.0 
55.5 
89.1 

70.6 
76.4 

tiu.i 

tl28.4 
till. 7 

tlOl.9 

tl45.4 

tl03.0 

80.5 

96.2 

69.5 
69.4 

tieo.4 

tll9.5 
87.0 

46.3 
95.6 
tl04.9 
69.6 
98.0 

tl08.3 
60.3 
51.1 
68.2 
72.9 

49.0 
57.1 

tl24.1 
52.1 

tl30.2 

tl21.3 


36.6 
70.8 
45.1 
83.5 
58.3 

53.5 
47.3 
66.0 
27.4 
72.5 

52.0 

9:6.1 

tl06.6 

tl34.1 

tlOl.7 

84.3 
61.9 

85.1 
68.8 
69.8 

74.6 
59.7 

78.7 
75.6 
56.3 

53.6 
69.6 
52.5 
30.4 

58.8 

75.0 
41.4 
47.7 
51.5 
37.9 

71.1 
64.3 
96.5 
36.2 
95.2 

83.0 


182 
146 
155 
219 
144 

445 
167 
150 
294 
303 

152 
154 
196 
265 
181 

153 

88 
238 
231 
160 

178 
180 
143 
124 
311 

124 
208 
424 
139 
449 

109 
221 
1.34 
198 
176 

158 
168 

87 
143 

128 

142 


48 
122 
116 
269 
133 

336 
85 
137 
195 
240 

107 
144 
243 
326 
200 

153 
100 
209 

178 
147 

135 
116 
181 
143 
252 

72 
195 
371 

93 
369 

131 
138 
83 
122 
101 

108 
114 
108 
83 
144 

140 


26.4 
83.6 




74.8 




tl22.8 




91.6 


Freeport 


75.5 
50.9 


Haverstraw 


91.3 
66.3 




79.2 




70.4 


Hudson Falls 


93.5 




tl24.0 




tl23.0 




tllO.5 




100.0 




tll3.6 




87.8 




77.1 




91.9 




75.8 




62.4 




tl26.6 




tll5.3 




81.0 




58.0 




93.8 


Peekskill 


87.5 




66.9 


Port Chester 


82.2 




tl20.2 




62.4 




61.9 


Seneca Falls 

Solvay 


61.6 
57.4 

68.4 




67.8 


Waterford 

Waverly 

Wellsville 

Whitehall 


tl24.1 

58.0 

tll2.5 

98.6 







* High enrollment caused by enrollment of boys who were non-residents of the city, 
t High enrollment caused by enrollment of boys who were non-residents of the village. 



Our Boys 



259 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Birth and Parentage 
TABLE No. 3-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 



Birth 



American 
born 
boys 



Foreign 
born 
boys 



American Boys 



American 
parents 



Mixed or 
foreign 
parents 



FoBEir;N 
Boys 



Foreign 
parents 



Popu- 
lation of 
employed 

bo\"s* 



Albany 

Amsterdam . . 

Auburn 

Binghamton. . 
Buffalo 

Elmira 

Jamestown. . . 
Kirgston .... 
Mt. Vernon. . 
Newburgh . . . 

New Rochelle 
Niagara Falls 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie . 
Rochester. . . . 

Schenectady. 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown . . 

Yonkers 

New York . . . 



92.1 
82.8 
84.2 
91.1 
90.1 

95.6 
83.3 
94.5 
88.1 
87.7 

86.6 
73.4 
92.3 
91.5 
81.6 

85.6 
88.7 
95.3 
81.6 



91.7 
80.0 



7.9 

17.2 

15.8 

8.9 

9.9 

4.4 
16.7 

5.5 
11.9 
12.3 

13.4 
26,6 

7.7 

8.5 

18.4 

14.4 
11.3 
4.7 
18.4 
10.2 

8.3 

20.0 



60.8 
28.8 
47.5 
61.5 
36.5 

67.2 
26.9 
69.3 
37.4 
60.0 

29.4 
30.7 
63.2 
63.1 
41.7 

45.8 
47.3 

54.5 
41.6 

57.7 

29.2 
27.0 



31.3 
54.0 
36.7 
29.6 
53.6 

28.4 
56.4 
25.2 
50.8 
27.7 

57.2 
42.7 
29.1 
28.4 
39.9 

39.8 
41.4 
40.8 
40.0 
32.1 

62.5 

53.0 



7.9 

17.2 

15.8 

8.9 

9.9 

4.4 
16.7 

5.5 
11.8 
12.3 

13.4 
26.6 

7.7 

8.5 

18.4 

14.4 
11.3 

4.7 
18.4 
10.2 

8.3 

20.0 



2 . 542 

810 

829 

1 . 356 

11,257 

971 
838 
553 
857 
700 

760 

1,147 

546 

698 

6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 

*124,795 



TABLE No. 3-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland . . 
Dunkirk. . . 

Fulton . . . . 
Geneva. . . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls. 
Gloversville. 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . . 
Lackawanna . . 
Little Falls. . . . 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . 



Middletown 

No. Tonawanda . 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 



Oneida .... 
Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg . 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer . 



86.8 


13.2 


55.7 


31.1 


13.2 


268 


90.8 


9.2 


57.5 


33.3 


9.2 


27t 


91.3 


8.7 


76.8 


14.5 


8.7 


119 


91.2 


8.8 


41.7 


49.5 


8.8 


561 


94.3 


5.7 


74.6 


19.7 


5.7 


322 


98.0 


2.0 


80.0 


18.0 


2.0 


235 


90.3 


9.7 


30.1 


60.2 


9.7 


414 


94.8 


5.2 


79.5 


15.3 


5.2 


262 


89.1 


10.9 


55.6 


33.5 


10.9 


252 


85.9 


14.1 


51.4 


34.5 


14.1 


252 


98.2 


1.8 


75.8 


22.4 


1.8 


322 


82.1 


17.9 


58.6 


23.5 


17.9 


536 


97.2 


2.8 


83.3 


13.9 


2.8 


319 


93.0 


7.0 


53,5 


39.5 


7.0 


247 


93.2 


6.8 


77.4 


15.8 


6.8 


243 


86.3 


13.7 


51.0 


.35.3 


13.7 


242 


82.1 


17.9 


31.4 


50.7 


17.9 


412 


89.3 


10.7 


46.7 


42.6 


10.7 


282 


94.9 


5.1 


61.5 


33.4 


5.1 


422 


84.2 


15.8 


49.0 


35.2 


15.8 


179 


96.9 


3.1 


72.3 


24.6 


3.1 


415 


86.8 


13.2 


38.2 


48.6 


13.2 


338 


9,^.0 


8.0 


73.8 


18.2 


8.0 


153 


91.6 


8.4 


60 2 


31.4 


8.4 


325 


9^.7 


7.3 


58.5 


34.2 


7.3 


425 


93.5 


6.5 


74.6 


18.9 


6.5 


244 


96.8 


3.2 


82.8 


14.0 


3.2 


243 


98.7 


1.3 


86.0 


12,7 


1.3 


205 


94.9 


5.1 


79.1 


15.8 


5.1 


211 


98.9 


1.1 


71.2 


27.7 


1.1 


209 



* Employed farm boys omitted. 



260 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Birth and Parentage 

TABLE No. 3-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 





Birth 


Amebican Boys 


Foreign 
Boys 


Popu- 


CITIES 


American 
born 
boys 


Foreign 
born 
boys 


American 
parents 


Mixed or 
foreign 
parents 


Foreign 
parents 


lation of 

employed 

boys* 


Rome 


82.2 
94.4 
94.1 
91.6 
94.0 

90.9 


17.8 
5.6 
5.9 
8.4 
6,0 

9.1 


55.8 
50.7 
64.3 
50.9 
55.7 

51.0 


26.4 
43.7 
29.8 
40.7 
38.3 

39.9 


17.8 
5.6 
5.9 
8.4 
6.0 

9.1 


528 


S'alamanoa 

Saratoga Springs 


189 
289 
230 




393 


White riains 


457 



TABLE No. 3-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



VILLAGES 


83.9 
97.2 
79.2 
86.4 
88.7 

98.9 
91.5 
94 . 1 
92.5 
78.6 

94.7 
97.8 
95.3 
95.1 
98.2 

96.9 
75.0 
96.1 

88.7 
78.3 

89.3 
82.1 
92.6 
96.4 
91.6 

100.0 
86.8 
96.1 
87.6 
79.0 

85.9 
96.2 
93.8 
80.3 
85.2 

97.2 
93.0 
88.6 
100.0 
97.6 

91.0 


16.1 
2.8 
20.8 
13.6 
11.3 

1.1 

8.5 

5.9 

7.5 

21.4 

5.3 
2.2 
4.7 
4.9 
1.8 

3.1 
25.0 

3.9 
11.3 
21.7 

10.7 

17.9 

7.4 

3.6 

8.4 

t 

13.2 

3.9 

12.4 

21.0 

14.1 
3.8 
6.2 

19.7 

14.8 

2.8 

7.0 

11.4 

2.4 

9.0 


32.2 
67.2 
24.5 
68.0 
31.2 

71.7 
37.2 
49.1 
72.5 
55.0 

57.4 
75.0 
49.5 
77.9 

85.7 

55.0 
42.5 
72.1 
40.8 
46.4 

52.4 
53.7 
45.1 
60.4 
60.4 

t 
43.9 
67.5 
58.4 
23.5 

39.4 
67.9 
81.3 
62.0 
45.7 

40.0 
70.6 
50.6 
92.6 
76.7 

74.9 


51.7 
30.0 
54.7 
18.4 
57.5 

27.2 
54.3 
45.0 
20.0 
23.6 

37.3 

22.8 
45.8 
17.2 
12.5 

41.9 
32.5 
24.0 
47.9 
31.9 

36.9 
28.4 
47.5 
36.0 
31.2 

t 
42.9 
28.6 
29.2 
55.5 

46.5 
28.3 
12.5 
18.3 
39.5 

57.2 
22.4 
38.0 
7.4 
20.9 

16.1 


16.1 
2.8 
20.8 
13.6 
11.3 

1.1 

S.5 

.5.9 

7.5 

21.4 

5.3 
2.2 

4.7 
4.9 

l.S 

3.1 
25.0 

3.9 
11.3 

21.7 

10.7 
17.9 

7.4 
3.6 

S.4 

t 

13.2 

3.9 

12.4 

21.0 

14.1 

3.8 

6.2 

19.7 

14.8 

2.8 

7.0 

11.4 

2^4 

9.0 


165 


Catskill 


96 




148 


Eiidicott 


164 


Fredonia 


95 

204 




155 




120 


Hempstead 


140 
249 


Hoosick Falls 


120 


Hudson Falls 


108 




62 


Ilion 


215 




153 




134 


Lawrence. 

]VIalone 


28 
163 


Mamaroneck , 


153 




111 




128 




136 




90 




72 


.Ossining 


217 

72 




107 


Peekskill 


292 




72 




388 




56 




137 




100 




147 




157 




85 


Walden 


144 


Waterford 


68 




115 


Wellsville 


73 


Whitehall. . .* 


118 







"•''Employed farm boys omitted. f Data incomplete. 



Our Boys 



261 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Guardianship 
Beys Naming the Father, Mother and Others as Guardian 
TABLE No. 4-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 





Guardian 










Total 
per 








Father 


Mother 


Others 


cent 


70.7 


14.5 


14.8 


100.0 


81.8 


14.6 


3.6 


100.0 


85.0 


11.8 


3.2 


100.0 


78.9 


12.6 


8.5 


100.0 


82.4 


13.9 


3.7 


100.0 


80.3 


14.2 


5.5 


100.0 


80.4 


10.8 


8.8 


100.0 


82.2 


12.9 


4.9 


100.0 


82.4 


14.3 


3.3 


100.0 


79.4 


15.9 


4.7 


100.0 


83.2 


11.8 


5.0 


100.0 


85.4 


11.4 


3.2 


100.0 


82.4 


11.4 


6.2 


100.0 


83.7 


11.5 


4.8 


100.0 


82.4 


13.4 


4.2 


100.0 


81.6 


13.2 


5.2 


100.0 


81.8 


12.0 


6.2 


100.0 


74.2 


17.9 


7.9 


100.0 


83.2 


12.4 


4.4 


100.0 


80.6 


12.4 


7.0 


100.0 


83.6 


11.9 


4.5 


100.0 


79.9 


15.1 


5.0 


100.0 



Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys 



Number 

of 
employed 

boys 
enrolled 



Number 

of 

cards 

tabulated 



Albany 

Amsterdam. . 

Auburn 

Binghamton. . 
Buffalo 

Elmira 

Jamestown. . . 

Kingston 

Mt. Vernon. . 
Newburgh . . . . 

New Rochelle 
Niagara Falls 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie. 
Rochester. . . . 

Schenectady. . 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown . . . 

Yonkers 

New York 



2,542 
810 

829 

1 , 356 

11,257 

971 

838 
5.53 
8,37 
700 

7G0 

1,147 

546 

698 

6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 

124,795 



1,751 
522 
422 
787 

6,468 

647 

587 
456 
647 
545 

414 
731 
3i4 
47S 
4,059 

1,510 
2.157 
1,0.33 
1,551 

530 

1,352 



1,751 
500 
422 
750 

6,468 

647 
587 
400 
482 
545 

414 
731 
344 
400 
955 

1,000 
500 
995 

1,551 
500 

581 

18,000 



TABLE No. 4-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland. . 
Dunkirk . . 
Fulton.... 
Geneva . . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls.. 
Gloversville . 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . 
Lackawana. . . 
Little Falls.. . 

Lock port 

Mechanicville . 



Middletown .... 
No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg .... 
Glean 



Oneida 

Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg . 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer . 



83.4 


9.2 


7.4 


100.0 


78.3 


17.8 


3.9 


100.0 


72.7 


21.8 


5.5 


100.0 


77.2 


16.3 


6.5 


100.0 


83.3 


12.0 


4.7 


100.0 


83.2 


11.9 


4.9 


100.0 


82.0 


14.5 


3.5 


100.0 


78.9 


13.7 


7,4 


100.0 


80.5 


12.8 


6.7 


100.0 


86.3 


6.8 


6.9 


100.0 


73.9 


20.3 


5.8 


100.0 


81.4 


12.9 


5.7 


100.0 


75.6 


18.4 


6.0 


100.0 


79.9 


14.0 


6.1 


100.0 


78.8 


14.5 


6.7 


100.0 


79.7 


16.6 


3.7 


100.0 


82.3 


12.3 


5.4 


100.0 


78.0 


15.6 


6.4 


100.0 


80.3 


10.9 


8.8 


100.0 


82.1 


13.0 


4.9 


100.0 


73.3 


19.8 


6.9 


100.0 


92.0 


5.0 


3.0 


100.0 


69.3 


9.9 


20.8 


100.0 


81.7 


12.4 


5.9 


100.0 


81.1 


11.5 


7.4 


100:0 


85.6 


8.8 


5.6 


100.0 


80.0 


15.0 


5.0 


100.0 


86.7 


6.3 


7.0 


100.0 


77.8 


14.2 


8.0 


100.0 


78.4 


4.2 


17.4 


100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 

252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



187 
180 

■!31 
305 

151 
370 

204 
194 
117 

173 
286 
222 
164 
183 

157 
221 
153 
238 
207 

263 
229 
91 
153 
403 

125 
160 
159 
162 
190 



187 
180 
73 
400 
300 

150 
370 

204 
180 
117 

173 
28S 
222 
164 
180 

157 

221 
153 

238 
207 

263 
229 
91 
153 
403 

125 
160 
159 
162 
190 



262 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Guardianship 

Boys Naming the Father, Mother and Others as Guardian 

TABLE No. 4-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — {Concluded) 





Guardian 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys 


Number 

of 
employed 

boys 
enrolled 


Number 

of 

cards 

tabulated 


CITIES 


Father 


Mother 


Others 


Rome 


84.5 
76.6 
80.8 
86.4 
75.6 

81.2 

BLE Nc 

83.9 1 

76.3 

87.2 

85.9 

87.9 

82.0 
79.5 
78.0 
80.5 
81.8 

73.2 
75.5 
77.1 
82.5 
80.8 

87.4 
92.5 
85.4 
82.0 

85.7 

88.2 
81.9 
81.2 
76.9 
84.3 

75.0 

77.6 
75.7 
84.7 
86.8 

88.4 
72.3 
73.4 
86.0 
95.1 

85.7 
76.8 
86.6 
81.9 
86.5 

78.4 


10.5 
18.0 
16,8 
10.5 
14.8 

11.6 

). 4-C- 

12.9 
13.9 
11.0 
7.9 
12.1 

12.6 

13.7 

9.0 

9.8 

11.4 

21.3 
6.0 
12.9 
11.9 
13.9 

11.2 
7.5 
6.7 

16.0 
9.3 

3.5 
11.1 
14.8 
14.2 
12.0 

20.0 
15.9 
18.4 
11.5 
10.7 

9.0 
18.5 
IS. 4 
12.6 

3.7 

14.3 

18.8 

6.7 

12.7 

10.2 

11.2 


5.0 
5.4 
2.4 
3.1 
9.6 

7.2 

VILLA 

3.2 
9.8 
1.8 
6.2 

5.4 
6.8 
13.0 
9.7 
6.8 

5.5 

18.5 

10.0 

5.6 

5.3 

1.4 

'"7.9 
2.0 
5.0 

8.3 
7.0 
4.0 
8.9 
3.7 

5.0 
6.5 
5.9 
3.8 
2.5 

2.6 
9.2 
8.2 
1.4 
1.2 

" '4.4 
6.7 
5.4 
3.3 

10.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

GES 0^ 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
109.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


■ 628 
189 
289 
230 
393 

457 

^ER 5,000 

165 
96 

148 
164 
95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 
108 
62 
215 
153 

134 
28 
163 
153 
111 

128 

136 

90 

72 

217 

72 
107 
292 

72 
■ 388 

56 
137 
100 

147 
157 

85 
144 

68 
115 

73 

118 


342 
150 
173 
162 
322 

250 

31 

72 

109 

214 

83 

95 

73 

107 

41 

186 

75 

98 

109 

276 

172 

134 

40 

134 

100 

98 

85 
72 

128 
91 

158 

20 
94 

239 
26 

308 

78 
54 
49 
71 

82 

35 
90 

89 
55 
89 

116 


342 
150 




173 




162 


Watervliet 

White Plains 


322 
250 


TA 

VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 


31 

72 




109 


Endioott 


214 




83 




95 




73 




100 


Hempstead 


41 
186 




75 




98 




109 


Ilion 


276 
172 




134 




40 




134 




100 




98 




85 




72 




128 




91 




158 




20 




94 


Peekskill 


239 




26 


Port Chester 


308 




78 




54 




49 




71 




82 




35 


Walden 


90 




89 




55 


Wellsville 


89 


Whitehall 


116 







Our Boys 



263 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Yea)- Old Emphijed Boys 

Number of Children in Family 

Per Cent of Boys Coming from Families of from 1 to 10 Children 

TABLE No. 5-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 









Number 


OF Children 


IN Family 








Popu- 
























Total 


lation 


CITIES 






















per 


of em- 












































cent 


ployed 




1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 




boys 


Albany 


7.5 


14.9 


17.9 


16.9 


13.9 


11.4 


8.3 


4.6 


2.4 


2 2 


100.0 


2,542 


Amsterdam 


6.4 


12.4 


14.7 


11.6 


17.5 


11.6 


9.8 


8.0 


5.2 


2.8 


100.0 


810 




6.6 
8.4 


12.2 
15.2 


17.8 
16.8 


18.9 
14.8 


14.9 
13.3 


12.1 
10.6 


6.8 

8.2 


4.5 
4.9 


3.5 

4.7 


2.7 
3.1 


100.0 
100.0 


829 


Binghamton 


1,356 


Buffalo 


6.3 
7.3 


11.7 
14.6 


13.9 
17.9 


14.3 
15.8 


14.5 
10.8 


12.4 
10.4 


10.3 
7.9 


7.4 
6.9 


4.2 

4.8 


5.0 
3.6 


100.0 
100.0 


11,257 


Elmira 


971 


Jamestown 


4.3 


15.1 


14.3 


17.2 


17.4 


12.4 


6.7 


5.9 


4.0 


2.7 


100.0 


838 


Kingston 


7.4 


12.5 


12.3 


14.3 


16.4 


12.5 


9.8 


7.8 


2.7 


4.3 


100.0 


553 


Mt. Vernon 


7.7 


13.7 


14.7 


16.6 


14.9 


12.9 


6.6 


4.4 


4.6 


3.9 


100.0 


857 


Newburgh 


5.5 


13.2 


17.6 


16.9 


12.5 


13.4 


7.7 


6.7 


3.4 


3.1 


100.0 


700 


New Rochelle 


8.0 


13.3 


11.8 


15.7 


14.4 


12.8 


6.7 


7.2 


5.5 


4.6 


100.0 


760 


Niagara Falls 


4.6 


12.3 


15.5 


13.7 


16.2 


11.3 


12.2 


6.0 


5.0 


3.2 


100.0 


1,147 


Oswego 


5.5 


19.1 


14.5 


16.9 


18.9 


9.9 


13.3 


5.2 


5.5 


1.2 


100.0 


546 


Poughkeepsie 


9.7 


14.2 


16.2 


13.5 


12.5 


13.5 


9.0 


3.2 


3.2 


5.0 


100.0 


698 


Rochester 


7.9 


13.7 


14.9 


14.5 


15.2 


10.6 


9.5 


6.6 


3.6 


3.5 


100.0 


6,322 


Schenectady 


7.8 


13.9 


17.4 


14.7 


15.5 


12.4 


7.2 


5.6 


2.5 


3.0 


100.0 


1,821 


Syracuse 


9.4 


15.4 


15.2 


14.2 


15.2 


11.4 


7.6 


6.0 


4.6 


1.0 


100.0 


3,874 


Troy 


7.5 


15.1 


15.6 


15.3 


13.3 


13.6 


8.6 


5.5 


2.0 


3.5 


100.0 


1.658 


Utica 


6.0 


12 2 


15.0 


15.2 


15.5 


12.8 


10.1 


6.4 


4.7 


2.1 


100.0 


2,241 


Watertown 


10.6 


14.7 


16.6 


14.5 


12.2 


12.6 


8.2 


4.4 


3.2 


3.0 


100.0 


669 


Yonkers 


6.9 


10.9 


15.0 


16.2 


12.2 


15.1 


12.2 


6.0 


2.1 


3.4 


100.0 


2,241 


New York 


7.1 


12.3 


16.2 


17.4 


16.2 


12.7 


8.9 


4.9 


2.5 


1.8 


100.0 


124,795 



TABLE No. 5-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. . . 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove 

Glens Falls 

Gloversville. . . . 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 

Johnstown 

Lackawanna. . . 

Little Falls 

Lockport 

Mechanicville. . 

Middletown . . . 
No. Tonawanda 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg. . . . 
Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsburg 

Port Jervis .... 
Rens.selaer 



8.0 


10.3 


13.9 


10.7 


17.2 


8.5 


13.4 


11.7 


2.1 


4.2 


100.0 


3.9 


10.7 


20.3 


13.9 


8.5 


17.3 


11. S 


7.8 


2.6 


3.2 


100.0 


8.4 


13,9 


18.0 


11.1 


13.9 


19.4 




9,7 


5,6 




100.0 


5.0 


10.4 


15.2 


17.2 


13.1 


11.7 


10.7 


6.7 


3,5 


6.5 


100.0 


4.5 


12.5 


15.3 


22.1 


17.3 


10.2 


7.0 


5.0 


3.2 


2.9 


100.0 


10.0 


18.6 


16.0 


19.3 


12.7 


8.0 


5.2 


4,0 


4.0 


2.2 


100.0 


2.7 


7.8 


15.2 


15.3 


12.9 


13.3 


11.0 


9,1 


7.0 


5.7 


100.0 


7.0 


19.0 


17.5 


13.4 


12.7 


9.4 


11,0 


6,0 


2,5 


1.5 


100.0 


10.0 


10.0 


18.4 


11.8 


9,5 


16.1 


8,9 


7.8 


3,8 


3.7 


100.0 


2.6 


11.1 


15.3 


17.9 


10,3 


10.3 


8.5 


9.4 


6,0 


8.6 


100.0 


8.8 


13.5 


15.3 


13.6 


17.7 


8.2 


8.8 


9.4 


1.2 


3.5 


100.0 


6.9 


19.2 


13.9 


15.9 


13.6 


10.9 


6.3 


4.9 


2.5 


5.9 


100.0 


10.8 


14.4 


22.1 


16,2 


12.1 


9.0 


7.2 


4.5 




3.7 


100.0 


7.9 


14,6 


14,6 


17.8 


13.4 


13.4 


6,7 


6,7 


3.1 


1.8 


100.0 


12.8 


19.6 


16.2 


15.1 


12.8 


8.9 


7.3 


4,5 


2.8 




100.0 


12.2 


16.7 


12.2 


16.7 


14.8 


10.9 


5,7 


6.4 


2.5 


1.9 


100.0 


4.5 


8.5 


13.3 


15 .5 


10.9 


14.5 


16.2 


8.1 


5,4 


3.1 


100.0 


9.1 


11.9 


18.4 


13.9 


10.6 


13,9 


13.0 


4.6 


2.6 


2.0 


100.0 


8.4 


13.4 


16.9 


12.2 


14.7 


11.3 


10.5 


4,6 


3.4 


4.6 


100.0 


5.0 


9.7 


16.9 


14.6 


13.2 


14.2 


8.2 


4.3 


7.7 


6.2 


100.0 


9.1 


16.8 


14.9 


18.4 


12.3 


S.7 


8.0 


5.7 


2.3 


3.8 


100.0 


5.2 


14.8 


13.1 


14. S 


11.8 


11,8 


11.4 


6.6 


6.1 


4.4 


100.0 


6.6 


16.4 


15.4 


24.2 


14.3 


8.8 


6.6 


5,5 


1,1 


1.1 


100.0 


3.3 


10.4 


16.4 


3.9 


9.1 


16,4 


7.8 


17,0 


2,0 


13.7 


100.0 


5.8 


9.0 


17.8 


13.1 


12.7 


12,0 


10.5 


6,3 


4.5 


8.3 


100.0 


8.8 


16.8 


19.2 


11.2 


19.2 


6.4 


7.2 


4.0 


2.4 


4.8 


100.0 


5.1 


16.0 


23.1 


19.9 


14.1 


9.0 


5.1 


3.2 


4.5 




100.0 


2.5 


11.9 


14.4 


15.2 


14.4 


17,0 


5.7 


8.2 


3.8 


6.9 


100.0 


8.0 


11.3 


19.8 


13.2 


16.9 


11,7 


7.4 


4.9 


1.2 


5.6 


100.0 


5.7 


15.8 


15.8 


14.9 


16.3 


8,9 


12.1 


5.8 


2.1 


2.6 


100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

23'5 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 

282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



264 



Our Boys 



. Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Number of Children in Family 

Per Cent of Boys Coming from Families of from 1 to 10 Children 

TABLE No. 5-B — CITIES UNDER 25 fim— {Concluded) 









NuMBEH OF Children 


IN Family 








Popu- 














Total 


lation 


CITIES 












per 


of em- 


































cent 


ployed 




1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


S 


9 


10 




boys 


Rome 


7.0 


12.4 


16.1 


17.3 


12.7 


10.9 


9.4 


7.9 


2.7 


3.6 


100.0 


528 


Salamanca 


2.0 


12.0 


16.7 


16.7 


11.3 


13.3 


8.0 


9.3 


4.0 


6.7 


100.0 


189 


Saratoga Springs . . 


7.9 


13.9 


16.8 


13.9 


8.9 


12.7 


6.9 


9.2 


2.3 


7.5 


100.0 


289 


Tonawanda 


6.2 


11.1 


11.7 


13.0 


15.4 


10.5 


11.1 


6.2 


6.2 


8.6 


100.0 


230 


Watervliet 


7.4 


14.9 


15.5 


18.9 


13.5 


11.1 


8.0 


4.9 


3.4 


2.4 


100.0 


393 


White Plains 


10.4 


16.2 


14.8 


16.0 


14.0 


8.0 


8.4 


7.6 


2.0 


3.6 


100.0 


457 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

findicott 

Fredonia 

Freeport . 

Hastings 

Haverstraw 

Hempstead 

Herkimer 

Hoosick Falls . . . 
Hudson Falls. . . 

Huntington 

Ilion 

Johnson City . . . 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. . . . 
Massena 

Medina ........ 

Newark 

No. Tarry town. . 

Nyack 

Ossining 

Owego 

Patchogue 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan 

Port Chester. . . . 

Port "Washington 
Rockville Center 
Saranac Lake. . . 
Seneca Falls .... 
Solvay 

Tarry town 

Walden 

Waterf ord 

Waverly 

Wellsville 

Whitehall.. 



TABLE No. 5-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



9.7 


6.5 


3.2 


16.1 


19.3 


6.5 


16.1 


6.5 


12.9 


3.2 


100.0 


6.9 


14.9 


19.4 


16.7 


12.8 


11.1 


5.6 


2.8 


4.2 


5.6 


100.0 


2.8 


8.3 


7.3 


15.6 


18.3 


12.8 


20.2 


9.2 


1.8 


3.7 


100.0 


6.5 


11.8 


13.2 


14.0 


16.5 


16.5 


8.9 


4.2 


2.3 


6.1 


100.0 


3.7 


7.2 


16.9 


9.6 


20.5 


12.1 


10.8 


8.4 


.8.4 


2.4 


100.0 


11.6 


20.0 


16.8 


16.8 


6.3 


11.6 


4.2 


4.2 


6.3 


2.2 


100.0 


8.2 


11.0 


12.3 


24.6 


13.7 


9.6 


12.3 


5.5 


1.4 


1.4 


100.0 


4.0 


11.0 


8.0 


11.0 


13.0 


22.0 


11.0 


7.0 


5.0 


8.0 


100.0 


4.9 


19.6 


21.9 


7.3 


19.5 


9.8 


7.3 


4.9 




4.9 


100.0 


5.6 


18.4 


16.2 


16.7 


14.6 


11.7 


3.9 


7.3 


3.9 


2.8 


100.0 


12.0 


9.5 


21.3 


24.0 


8.0 


6.3 


9.3 


6.3 


6.3 




100.0 


5.1 


13.3 


16.4 


16.3 


9.2 


17.4 


7.2 


6.0 


4.1 


6.0 


100.0 


9.5 


8.6 


12.9 


17.5 


12.9 


n.2 


15.6 


6.4 


3.6 


1.8 


100.0 


12.2 


18.2 


16.4 


14.4 


15.8 


8.3 


6.1 


4.0 


3.2 


1.4 


100.0 


8.7 


19.4 


18.6 


16.8 


9.9 


11.4 


7.0 


2.9 


4.1 


1.2 


100.0 


5.2 


9.0 


18.6 


16.6 


10.4 


12.7 


4.6 


6.0 


6.0 


12.0 


100.0 


10.0 


10.0 


12.5 


15.0 


22.6 


10.0 


7.6 


7.6 


2.6 


2.5 


.100.0 


5.7 


10.5 


9.6 


12.6 


18.6 


8.9 


4.4 


12.6 


8.9 


8.2 


100.0 


5.0 


12.0 


19.0 


14.0 


12.0 


14.0 


8.0 


8.0 


3.0 


5.0 


100.0 


3.2 


8.2 


13.3 


19.3 


12.2 


19.3 


9.2 


8.2 


2.0 


5.1 


100:0 


3.4 


12.8 


21.2 


10.6 


12.0 


12.9 


4.7 


5.9 


7.1 


9.4 


100.0 


9.9 


13.9 


16.9 


13.9 


11.9 


15.4 


6.9 


6.6 


1.4 


4.2 


100.0 


7.8 


10.9 


21.4 


18.8 


10.9 


10.1 


7.0 


6.2 


4.7 


2.2 


100.0 


11.5 


9.6 


25.6 


32.1 


8.2 


12.4 


4.4 


1.8 


3.5 


.9 


100.0 


8.9 


12.0 


14.0 


24.0 


12.0 


11.4 


4.6 


7.6 


2.5 


3.1 


100.0 


5.0 

4.4 


26.0 
14.9 


5.0 
12.6 


15.0 
13.8 


16.0 
18.1 


6.0 
10.6 


20.0 
12.8 






10.0 
4.3 


100.0 
100.0 


2.1 


6.4 


6.7 


15.5 


9.6 


18.0 


12.9 


14.2 


8.8 


6.3 


3.8 


4.2 


100.0 


3.8 


19.3 


3.8 


11.5 


16.5 


23.2 


3.8 


3.8 


3.8 


11.5 


100.0 


6.8 


8.8 


14.3 


17.6 


12.3 


16.6 


11.4 


4.9 


4.2 


3.1 


100.0 


6.4 


6.4 


18.0 


14.1 


14.1 


9.0 


14.1 


10.3 


3.8 


3.8 


100.0 


16.7 


12.9 


20.2 


22.2 


7.4 


11.1 


1.9 


1.9 


1.9 


3.8 


100.0 


4.1 


9.2 


18.4 


24.4 


18.4 


9.2 


6.1 


4.1 


4.1 


2.0 


100.0 


4.2 


14.1 


12.7 


14.1 


9.9 


12.7 


11.3 


8.4 


2.8 


9.8 


100.0 


5.2 


i4.3 


15.6 


15.6 


9.0 


15.6 


7.8 


7.8 


5.2 


3.9 


100.0 


2.9 


20.0 


8.6 


8.6 


22.9 


6.7 


25.7 




2.8 


2.8 


100.0 


6.9 


10.0 


15.3 


20.0 


12.2 


12.2 


11.1 


6.7 


4.6 


1.1 


100.0 


4.5 


9.C 


14.6 


13.5 


10.1 


22.6 


6.7 


7.9 


2.2 


9.0 


100,0 


18.2 


23.6 


14.6 


14.6 


9.1 


9.1 


1.8 


1.8 


3.6 


3.6 


100.0 


5.6 


14.6 


24.7 


16.9 


12.4 


10.1 


6.8 


1.1 


5.6 


2.2 


100.0 


3.5 


18.1 


13.8 


18.9 


10.4 


13.8 


3.4 


6.0 


7.8 


4.3 


100.0 



Our Boys 



265 



■s 'z 



+ 








Q 


'cr^ 




CO 


p:3 


>H 


^ 


H 


9i 




% 


^ 


■^ 


m 
W 



«» HH •& 



Q ct, 



^ 


M 


'^ 


1 


-? 


'A 
< 


O 


H 


a 


« 


'? 


lO 


rf 












r«: 


o 


s 




b-^ 


^ 


«i 
















,^ 






W 






<» 


h-l 


jj" 




■^ 


m 


1 




O 


g 




-Tr^ 




Vj 




c 








^ 





"So 



o 



o 



■2'H 3-^ 
3 "Is a 



3 Q. a 



PL, g O 



•-i-^iOOOOO-^Wb-OiO 

^ r-l C^ 0^ C<l ^ r-^ 
003-IC»Tj(,-iOOcOC-»CO 

i-lC0i0Of~C0CJOO 

r» c<i 'O o Tfi -M C5 cj M CO 

oooooooooo 

oooooooooo 
oooooooooo 

c^ 

<N 

c^o 

wco 

1^ rHOO 

-HOJO 



tooan> 

INOOOO 



• ■-HCOlNOOS 
•50.-(OC^O 



00 lO T)l CO M .-H 



to 05 O -H "3 N C^ 

lo r- ira lo CO (N f^ 



ira lo !M lo ■-•:) CO o o 
■^^^t^ioiocor- 

CO 'N W rl -H rH ^ 



cno"OC5ooiocooco 

-a< CO C^ T-H tH rl rt rt 



OOCnt^t^COMOMCO 

OO'»<t^'Mt-i0C0O-l< 
0>OCOC^C^T-v^rt^ 






S 2 



0)0505lOrHOC0 35t— -H 
OXI05«30t>-000?0 
io05'H^OaO«u)iNco 



OCOINCOX-^OSOO-HO 

OCOO-:)<OOiOCO'l<00'* 
O0500C0tj<C0iNi-I 



t^XW^lO^'NCJ'^O 



cocoioioco-^Ci'Oro-^ 



OOOOOOOOOO 

oooooooooo 

OOOOOOOOOO 



o 



•OOO 
■ f) CO 






0"0>-l 

cooioa 



I Tjtococooo 

>oc^oot>o 

fH .... .-(^ ^ 



O"-i00t^O o 

(NO Orl<COTt< 
O) .-•.-( r^ r-( —1 



■* OJ CO --I C-) o .-I 

lO C^ Tf O ?3 CI 35 
C^) r- ■-I .-H rt ,-1 



■ O en ■>) » Tit o ,-1 -i 
• o c^i 00 -^ CO rj CO o 



• CO CS .-1 -H rH ,-, ,-( 



O^STJtOCOt-t^iOO 
CDTl<l005f».^<1000 



Ti< CO CV| rH i-i r-l 1-1 T-H 



00»OC000 35(~-CO 
O "^ lO CD C^ O CO O n CO 



O >0 CO C^l -N M . 






266 



Our Boys 



Eq 



tq 



^ 



&Q 



•'S> 

+ 

o 





=i 






^ 


o 




Cii 


^ 




s 

•'?^ 


lO 




S 


oi 






K 
> 




iO 


O 


[h 


^ 




n 


o 


r/) 




uq 


W 


S 




CD 


< 


_o 


^ 






1-^ 




CO 


1— 1 


\4 


■^ 


1 


a 

^ 


O 


O 


5^ 


LO 






1 




^ 


H 




=0 


h-1 




^ 


P3 
<i1 




o 


H 




't:^ 






S 





^ 



•TS 



O 



fin 



&3 






3 " (S 03 



(M03— icot^rf-t'N^Tf 
(M -r^- ■rt^ T-H lO -rt^ lO »0 00 00 
CCiOOI>iO'OCO(M'-li-l 



OiCr-OOC^lMOMiOCC 
OC<I03Tt<0D-0(N'*C0Tf 

lOCOlNOOOOiOt-iOt^O 
<NC0^OI>00 05C5O 

lOOOCntOOt^lNOOINM 
l>lNTt<CDC<5CaQ0iO'*'* 

OOOOOOOOOO 

OOCjOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOOOO 

05 

■ r~- 

loo 

ifloO'-i 

>o 00 oo 



t^ lO ^ lO 
OCiCTicD 



■ r~ Tf to to 00 



o >c to ■-< --1 00 

o; C<1 CO t^ (N C5 



00 lO IM W -H CO CC 
>0 Tt< 00 to CO CO o 

Cq r-( l-< .-I .-H ,-. rt 



(MiC00(NO'-l>-l«3'* 

i-H(N-*C0Q0CDC0IO'-l 



OOOtO'^":icDTfiOO'-i 

OoOTr<tOC^I>O^OI> 
0-#CO(MC<l'-lr-(rt^ 



• . ID • . . c +j ■ o 

O H H pin fe M m W Z H 



^1 



CO^COOCOCJJOst^iOt- 
oa^O-H-HCOt^-^QCn 
t^-^oC't^^DcO'HOO'raio 



ON00>OO^">-'lMO 

OC0OiC)^t^cDCDC)»0 
00:000 "OCOIN 1-1 



oocqiooto 050100 00 

COOStj'OS'MCOCOO'OO 
■-(CO"*Ot^0005050 



00-*C0>0!OC0O0:<NO 
coc<li'5-*eo--HOi»-*m 



OOOOOOOOOO 

OOOOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOOOO 



■05 05 



■"CO(N 
•CO 000 



fjq cooot^O 

O ; ; ; . . -noooo^ 

<1 : : : : ; :-^ -" 

h^ 



• .-( Tj( (N CO CO 

• 10 ^OJ-hO 



w 



(NONCOCOOO 
02 TjH CO IN CO (M 



05 O CO (M 00 lO CO 



0CC0-*C0i002OO 



IOCOIMCIOCOOO^«OCO 

ococDo>a5^-■*co^- 

"CCO<Nt-Ii-1i-HiHi-I 



oiootDootooor^oj 

OC:-*tDTt<Ot^c005"* 
OTtHCOC^lM(N'-<r-( 



OHH(i<fiHWCBWZH 



Ode Boys 



267 



+ 






^ 1 



CO 


^ 


;s 


o 
cq 




o 


- 


>H 


tf 


o 


o 


'fo 


(1^ 


1-1 


!- 




(^ 


fc, 


02 


^ 

H 


1 


o 


1 


tf 




1— 1 










s^ 




'F^ 








-«: 


r> 


fi 


i^ 


^ 


'^ 


en 


H 




W 


1-1 




'^ 


m 




o 


< 




"■^ 






g 






o 







^ 



53 



en 






s.^- 



r°. O.', 



ro-*'oocoooO'N'^ro 

i-H IN (N -H --< --1 

O-*— ic<5>OCCC<5-^tO« 

OOSOClClOeCuMrHi-^ 

tOOOrooO'-HIN'HiXMO 
.-(C<5-*eDW00000:O 

OrooOOOiNOIN'OOcO 

oooooooooo 

oooooooooo 
oooooooooo 

(N 

::;;:;;■. ^t* 

OSOO 

: ! ; ; : ! ; iodoo 

U50000 

; I ! ! ■ ! -T-iojoi 

■<)< o ^_ ■* 

'.'.'.'.'. lo-HOOO 

■* tOlNtOO 

'. '. '. '. ' Tf< eo — 1 (N(M 






OS t» CO " (NtO t^ 

ro 00 to t^ ■* lo IN 



CO — I IM O <N --I O Tt< 

r-(tOOlOTt('>f(Nt>- 
CC (N .-H -H rH rl -H 



lOOC^lXO^TjioOiO 
03N'<l'i-iOscOC<30U5 

■^MC^cq-H.-Hi-ii-t 



oiot-oor^oioooo 

OOCDiCOO-* — OOO 
O'OroiNINC^'-Hi-l 



a; o £ b 01 i J>J3 ? e 



iMdOiOinoOOC^I^t^rf" 

o^ococ^^oc^o:c»o 

t^^C^OOOtO-^CC-H-H 



0-*tO-*C00005>fl05C<5 

005C<lTfioOX5if5 05"#01 
O 00 t^ "O CO (N '-l 

tO'!*<COt»(M'-l'Ci-lt^O 

Ot^'0i-lTt<'*O'0f»O 
^iN-*Ot-000>050)0 

«O00<N'->'OO»'f<OCDCO 

o<oootoc^o>«0'#e^c>i 

oooooooooo 

oooooooooo 
oooooooooo 

42 <^^ 

I — o» 

s- ■■■;;;;;'" 

e 

Os 

t-lO-H 

a 

g (N03t> 

« '"' 

.g 

«) 

S 0"0oq 

■^ ; : ; ; ; ii^oa"^ 
^ : : : : : i'^ ^ 

•«* . — — 

^ OtOOOOO 

2^ '. '. . ■ • 00 —I o «o CO 

o : : : : ;'~''^ '"''^ 
oq 

S . ■ ■ ••^coOcooO'O 
o • • • ■ 00 to ■* ■* CO 00 



• O CO t~ J5 O 00 •* 



.,-,.^,-(tOt-C100-< 



■C^(Mi'500tOC<1000tO 
• OS'H«O00tO-«<NO<N 

■■"I'COC^'-I-^— Ir-i"-! 



OOOt^C^-^OOOiO-HtO 

OOtOt-"HTt<'*05t~^ 
OiO COCHIN 1-1 r-< 



aji 2 






OuE Boys 



aq. 



Sq' 



■^H-. 



-S 



sq. 



^ 



?<3, 






o 



53 





&> 


o 


^ 




s: 


o 






S 


lO' 






o 




^i. 




C^ 


«■ 


-Ts 






W 




^ 


CO 
O 


S 


H 
S 






>— t 


o 


y, 


to" 


U 


■o 


Ir-* 


CO 


1 


t.. 






^ 


3 


■< 




lO 




P4 


■ K 








bn 


B 


H 




-H<r 


M 






00 


§ 






O 








■^ 








s: 







CQ 



"^ 



o 



Oh 



?35 






9 " ca cS 






0Ct^00-*O5iMCV5CSIlMCO 

(Miot^cooioot^iricoro 



O00^0000t)<C<)!NCSI00 
OOsOOt^'O^CO'-ii-l 

COCDIMIMOOOOOOOC^O 

■<l<COtD 01005 —103 ICO 
— IIN-^iOtOOOOOOlO 

C^Tt<-43O-*C<lOO-^00 
■^O3C^'^iOTtf(N0DiO-* 

OOOOOOOOOO 

OOOOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOOOO 

CO 

• 00 

too 

ooo 

ot>o 

■-IC3t> 

t^OO i-ilM 

-100030 

C^J aO O CO 03 

CO—I — iT-iO 



C5 rf t^ 00 -Jl 01 
O t^ IC ■# — ^ 

(M —!—(-(— 1 —I 



1:^ Ci) lO IN GO (M CO 

t^ Oi lo CO CO CO c^i 

(M — I — I — I — i — I — I 



003i-0 0-*COOOO 

03COWCOlO-*C<ll^ 



— iTjiocococoioooco 

OOTti0CN.iO(NOl> 



Oa3CDTtlOOC<lTt<COOOCO 

OCsOTt<OOCOiMOcO 
O-!)iC0iMC-l— I— I— 1^ 



.•-. a "^ h a ax, c j 



CO J> 

Q 



■COt-- 
•030 



•C0O3CO 

■ ococo 



HH r^ IOOOI>^ 



Si 03 100^03 

S '. ; 1 '. '. o o -# CO 



— ( — I CO 00 1>- CO 
CO CO 00 CO loco 



CO CO (N 00 O 00 00 
00 03 — ( rH — ( 03 t> 



t-t^lO00O3O300(N 



OCOOO^t^CJOOOCO 

C0C3t~l>C0OJC<l— (Tfl 

■^cqiNMca— loq— I— ' 



O O O O CO CO >o ■* t>. t- 



• . 03 ■ . . d +^ • • 

• n ^ H <D (l>Jc! ^ J 



—I03C<103— 1030500— ICO 

i>iocoa3a3Tfco— i>oc^ 

^ IN ri ri C<1 -1 rH 


o 

CO 
CO 


01>— 1— 1— ICOCOOOI^CO 




Ol'3COC<lTl<CD— 1— !■*— 1 

O 03 00 1^ lO CO eg —1 




COa3C303TtlTl<(NCOTj(0 




rticot^ocoooooioooo 

r-HC^TtlCOI>0003030 




CO CO O O lO O 00 "H.^ CO 


o 


■<lHO3-*00t^>OO3t^CO— 1 


o 
o 


OOOOOOOOOO 




OOOOOOOOOO 
OOOOOOOOOO 





Our Boys 



269^ 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Emplo2jed Boys 

Persistence in School 
TABLE No. 6-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 



Albany 

Amsterdam . . 

Auburn 

Bdnghamton . . 
Buffalo 

Elmira 

Jamestown. . . 

Kingston 

Mt. Vernon. . 
Newburgh 

New Rochelle 
Niagara FaDs 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie. 
Rochester. . . . 

Schenectady . . 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown. . . 

Yonkers 

New York 





Left 


Re- 




Left 
illegally 


on 


mained 


Total 


reaching 
legal 


beyond 
legal 


per 
cent 




age 


age 




5.3 


25.2 


69.5 


100.0 


2.8 


45.1 


52.1 


100.0 


4.5 


26.2 


69.3 


100.0 


5.1 


23.8 


71.1 


100.0 


4.7 


33.2 


62.1 


100.0 


4.4 


14.4 


81.2 


100.0 


4.8 


33.1 


62.1 


100.0 


4.7 


30.0 


65.3 


100.0 


2.2 


19.2 


78,6 


100.0 


5.3 


23.2 


71.5 


100.0 


5.1 


14.0 


SO. 9 


100.0 


4.8 


24.0 


71.2 


100.0 


4.1 


27.0 


68.9 


100.0 


6.5 


26.9 


66.6 


100.0 


5.9 


29.6 


64.5 


100.0 


3.1 


22.9 


74.0 


100.0 


5.0 


30.0 


65.0 


100.0 


3.5 


24.1 


72.4 


100.0 


3.5 


33.4 


63.1 


100.0 


3.3 


22.1 


74.6 


100.0 


6.8 


19.8 


73.4 


100.0 


7.0 


28.6 


64.4 


100.0 



Popu- 
lation 
of 
employed 
boys 



2,542 
810 
829 

1,356 
11,257 

971 
838 
553 
857 
700 

760 

1,147 

546 

698 

6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1 , 658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 

124,795 



Number 

of 
employed 

boys 
enrolled 



1,751 
522 
422 
787 

6,468 

647 
587 
456 
647 
545 

414 
731 
344 
478 
4,059 

1.510 
2,157 
1 ,033 
1,551 
530 

1,352 

82,575 



Number 
of cards 
tabulated 



1,751 
500 
422 
750 

6,468 

647 
587 
400 
482 
545 

414 
731 
344 
400 
955 

1 ,000 

soo 

993 

1.551 

500 

581 

18,000 



TABLEjNo. 6-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland . . . 
Dunkirk. . . 

Fulton 

Geneva . . . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls.. 
Gloversville . 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 



JoTinstown . . . 
Lackawanna. . 

Little Falls 

Lockport 

Mechanicville. 



Middletown .... 
No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg. . . . 
Olean 



Oneida 

Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg . 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer . 



7.0 


16.2 


76.8 


100.0 


7.2 


30.0 


62.8 


100.0 


4.1 


13.9 


82.0 


100.0 


8.0 


39.8 


52.2 


100.0 


4.7 


20.8 


74.5 


100.0 


3.3 


18.7 


78.0 


100.0 


1.6 


24.9 


73.5 


100.0 


5.4 


31.6 


63.0 


100.0 


6.2 


18.8 


75.0 


100.0 


3.4 


17.2 


79.4 


100.0 


5.8 


18.7 


75.5 


100.0 


2.8 


30.4 


66.8 


100.0 


3.1 


24.0 


72.9 


100.0 


3.0 


25.6 


71.4 


100.0 


3.8 


14.2 


82.0 


100.0 


7.7 


30.8 


61.5 


100.0 


4.1 


24.9 


71.0 


100.0 


1.3 


21.6 


77.1 


100.0 


4.6 


26.4 


69.0 


100.0 


5.8 


28.0 


66.2 


100.0 


7.2 


15.4 


77.4 


100.0 


2.3 


27.7 


70.0 


100.0 


5.7 


16.2 


78.1 


100.0 


3.8 


26.2 


70.0 


100.0 


6.3 


17.0 


76.7 


100.0 


3.2 


24.4 


72.4 


100.0 


3.7 


21.8 


74.5 


100.0 


2.5 


18.4 


79.1 


100.0 


6.3 


24.5 


69.2 


100.0 


6.3 


22.7 


71.0 


100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 



322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 



187 
180 
73 
431 
305 

151 
370 
204 
194 
117 

173 
286 
222 
164 
183 

1.57 
221 
1.53 
238 
207 

263 
229 
91 
153 
403 

125 
160 
159 
162 
190 



187 
180 
70 
400 
303 

150 
370 
204 
180 
117 

173 
286 
222 
164 
180 

157 
221 
153 
238 
207 

263 
229 
91 
153 
403 

125 
160 
159 
162 
190 



270' 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Persistence in School 

TABLE No. 6-B — CITIES UNDER 25,030 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 



Rome 

Salamanca 

Saratoga Springs 

Tonawanda 

Watervliet 

White Plains ... 



Left 
illegally 



5.4 
9.2 
2.9 
5.0 
5.0 

3.2 



Left 

on 

reaching 

legal 

age 



23.6 
20.6 
23.6 
43.2 
23.9 

20.8 



Re- 
mained 
beyond 



71.0 
70.2 
73.5 
51.8 
71.1 

76.0 



Total 
per 
cent 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



Popu- 
lation 
of 
employed 
boys 



528 
189 
289 
230 
393 

457 



Number 

of 
employed 

boys 
enrolled 



Number 
of cards 
tabulated 



342 
150 
173 
162 
322 

250 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 6-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport . . . 
Hastings. . . 
Haver-straw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer . . . 



Hoosick Falls. 
Hudson Falls . 
Huntington. . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City . 



Lancaster . . . . 
Lawrence . . . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck . 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego* 

Patchogue. . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan*. . 
Port Chester. 



Port Washington. 
Rockville Center. 
Saranac Lake .... 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown . 
Walden. . . . 
Waterf ord . 
Waverly . . . 
Wellsville. . 



Whitehall . 



9.7 
4.5 
4.6 
5.6 
4.9 

2.1 
6.9 
9.3 
2.5 
5.1 

12.2 
3.1 
4.7 
1.4 
5.2 

3.7 
2.5 
5.2 
6.0 
10.3 

1.2 
8.3 
3.2 
6.6 
4.0 

10.0 
5.5 
3.8 

15.4 
3.2 

3.8 




16.1 


74.2 


100.0 


20.9 


74.6 


100.0 


31.2 


64.2 


100.0 


26.3 


68.1 


100.0 


17.1 


78.0 


100.0 


20.4 


77.5 


100.0 


15.4 


77.7 


100.0 


35.1 


55.6 


100.0 


20.5 


77.0 


100.0 


21.2 


73.7 


100.0 


20.2 


67.6 


100.0 


18.7 


78.2 


100.0 


22.6 


72.7 


100.0 


23.7 


74.9 


100.0 


20.4 


74.4 


100.0 


38.3 


58.0 


100.0 


17.5 


80.0 


100.0 


27.8 


67.0 


100.0 


23.0 


71.0 


100.0 


33.0 


56.7 


100.0 


37.7 


61.1 


100.0 


12.5 


79.2 


100.0 


11.8 


85.0 


100.0 


17.6 


75.8 


100.0 


15.3 


80.7 


100.0 


35.0 


55.0 


100.0 


38.5 


56.0 


100.0 


21.1 


75.1 


100.0 


23.1 


61.5 


100.0 


28.7 


68.1 


100.0 


23.1 


73.1 


100.0 


13.4 


86.6 


100.0 


23.4 


74.5 


100.0 


15.9 


75.4 


100.0 


17.3 


■ 76.6 


100.0 


8.6 


88.7 


100.0 


21.4 


76.4 


100.0 


27.0 


62.8 


100.0 


16.4 


80.0 


100.0 


19.1 


77.6 


100.0 


30.2 


68.1 


100.0 



165 
96 
148 
164 
95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 
108 
62 
215 
153 

134 
28 
163 
153 
111 

128 

136 

90 

72 

217 

72 
107 
292 

72 

388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 

68 
115 

73 

118 



31 

72 

109 

214 

83 

95 
73 

107 
41 

186 

75 

98 

109 

276 

172 

134 
40 
134 
100 



85 
72 

128 
91 

158 

20 
95 

239 
26 

308 

78 
54 
49 
71 
82 

35 
90 
89 
55 



116 



* Data incomplete. 



Our Boys 



271 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 7-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 






Ages 






Total 
p?r 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 


—14 


U 


15 


16 


17 


18 


ployed 
boys 




3.2 

1.8 
1.8 
2.9 
2.6 

3.5 
2.6 
2.9 
1.2 
3.0 

1.9 
2.5 
1.2 
3.9 
3.9 

1.7 
3.6 
1.6 

2.7 
2.6 

3.3 

3.8 


21,9 
44.3 
23.8 
20.9 
30.8 

13.4 
30.9 
26.4 
17.6 
19.1 

16.2 
20.3 
27.1 
23.5 
29.3 

19.3 
27.6 
19.0 
28.8 
14.4 

16.8 

27.0 . 


34.7 
33.1 
38.8 
39.9 
37.6 

36.7 
35.5 
36.4 
37.2 
33.2 

39.7 
34.4 
37.3 
34.4 
34.1 

36.4 
32.9 
40.7 
35.4 
35.2 

42.2 

39.3 


31.1 
18.4 
27.9 
29.6 
22.9 

34.0 
24.5 
28.7 
3.T.5 
35.4 

32.1 
35.1 
27.9 
.30.5 
26.2 

32.9 
27.5 
.32.1 
25.9 
39.2 

31.3 

25.3 


7.5 
1.2 
6.8 
6.0 
5.2 

10.6 
5.5 

4.8 
7.5 
7.1 

8,7 
6,5 
5,0 
6,5 
5,3 

7.6 
7.0 
5.1 
6.2 
5,6 

6.1 

4,2 


1,6 

1.2 

,9 

,7 

.9 

1.8 
1.0 
.8 
1.0 
2.2 

1.4 

1.2 
1.5 
1.2 
1.2 

2.1 
1.4 
1.5 
1.0 
3.0 

.3 

.4 


100,0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100,0 
100,0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


2,542 




810 




829 




1,3.56 


Buffalo 


11,257 




971 




838 




553 


Mt. Vernon 


857 
700 




760 




1,147 




546 


Poughkeepsie 

Rochester 

Schenectady 


698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 


Troy 


1,658 


Utica 

Watertown 

Yonkers 

New York 


2,241 
669 

2,241 

124,795 



TABLE No. 7-B — CITIES UNDER 25,030 





2.6 




3.3 




1.4 


Cohoes 


3.8 
3.3 




2.7 




.8 


Fulton 

Geneva 


2.0 

3.7 

.9 


Glens Falls 


3.2 


Glaversville 

Hornell 


.6 
1.4 
2.4 




3.4 




2.0 


Lackawanna 

Little Falls 


.8 
7 




3.0 




2.5 




5.7 


No. Tonawanda 


.9 
5.7 




2.0 


Olean 


3.7 




2.4 


Oueonta 


1.2 


Plattsburg 




Port Jervia 


1.8 


Rensselaer 


3.2 



12.7 


37.3 


40.0 


6.9 


.5 


100.0 


25.1 


40.5 


27.8 


3.3 




100.0 


12.5 


38.8 


37.5 


9.8 




100.0 


34.0 


37.8 


18.5 


5.6 


.3 


100.0 


16.9 


36.2 


35.3 


7.0 


1.3 


100.0 


14.0 


32.0 


38,0 


11.3 


2.0 


100.0 


19.1 


35.9 


32,9 


7.9 


3.4 


100.0 


29.4 


35.3 


25.0 


5.4 


2.9 


100.0 


16.7 


34.5 


32.5 


10.5 


2.1 


100.0 


15.3 


39.3 


40.2 


3.4 


.9 


100.0 


15.5 


28.8 


34.4 


16.4 


1.7 


100.0 


27.6 


29.0 


35.6 


6.2 


1.0 


100.0 


22.0 


31.1 


31.5 


11.7 


2.3 


100.0 


16.5 


30.5 


39.0 


9.2 


2,4 


100.0 


9.5 


33.9 


42.6 


7.3 


3,3 


100.0 


26.9 


33.9 


26.9 


9.6 


.7 


100.0 


16.7 


40.5 


34.8 


6.8 


.4 


100.0 


29.0 


41.6 


20.9 


6.5 


1.3 


100.0 


25.3 


35.5 


27.3 


6.4 


2.5 


100.0 


13.9 


38.6 


35.6 


7.4 


2.0 


100.0 


14.8 


37.6 


33.2 


6.8 


1.9 


100.0 


16.2 


36.5 


41.9 


4.0 


.0 


100.0 


10.3 


34.5 


39.1 


9.2 


1,2 


100,0 


10.4 


22.9 


54.9 


6.5 


3.3 


100,0 


14.2 


40.7 


36.4 


5.0 




100.0 


23.2 


40.0 


27.2 


5.6 


1.6 


100.0 


14.8 


35.8 


35.1 


10.6 


2.5 


100.0 


13.9 


29.1 


45.0 


10.7 


1.3 


100.0 


16.9 


28.8 


41.3 


8.7 


2.5 


100.0 


20.1 


31.2 


31.8 


11.6 


2.1 


100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 



322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 

209 



2-72 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 7-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000— (Concluded) 



CITIES 






Ages 






Total 
per 
cent 


Ponu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


Rome 

Salamanca 

Saratoga Springs 

Tona-^-anrla 

Watervliet 


4.2 
3.5 
1.2 
3.7 
3.3 

2.8 


20.1 
17.7 
17.9 
41,6 
19.8 

12.8 


■ 38.8 
40.4 
42.2 
28.6 
37.9 

33.6 


32.9 

28.4 
30.6 
18.- 
30.7 

38.8 


3.5 
5.0 
8.1 
4.9 
6.8 

9.6 


.5 
5.0 

'"2'.5 
1.5 

2.4 


100,0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 
189 
289 
230 
393 


White Plains 


457 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 7-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport .... 
Hastings . . . 
Haver.straw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer . . . 



Hoosick Falls. 
Hudson Falls. 
Huntington. . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City. 



Lancaster .... 
Lawrence. . . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patohogue. . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan. . . . 
Port Chester. 



Port Washington . 
Rookville Center. 
Saranao Lake. . . . 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown. 
Walden. . . . 
Waterf ord . 
Waverly . . . 
Wellsville.. 



Whitehall. 



3.2 
1.5 
2.7 
2.4 
1.2 

1.0 
4.2 
2.0 



4.3 

6.8 
2.0 
3.1 

.7 
4.1 

2.2 



2.2 

13.0 

5.0 



1.4 
1.6 
2.7 

2.8 

10.0 



1.7 

11.5 

1.6 



2.1 

2.8 
4.8 

2.7 
l.I 
7.8 
3.6 
2.2 

1.8 



12.9 


25.8 


35.5 


22.6 




100,0 


16.4 


31.3 


35.8 


8.9 


6.1 


100.0 


22.0 


44.1 


25.7 . 


5.5 




100.0 


14.5 


33.3 


46.5 


3.3 




100.0 


13.4 


31.7 


39.0 


12.2 


2.5 


100.0 


12.9 


37.7 


38.8 


7.5 


2.1 


100.0 


U.l 


37.6 


38.9 


8.2 




100.0 


28.5 


37.1 


25.7 


6.7 




100.0 


14.6 


53.7 


19.5 


12.2 




100.0 


15.0 


36.3 


37.4 


5.4 


1.6 


100.0 


17.6 


45.9 


24.3 


4.1 


1.3 


100.0 


16.6 


31.9 


38.2 


8.2 


3.1 


100.0 


20.5 


36.1 


27.8 


10.4 


2.1 


100.0 


21.8 


23.9 


38.7 


10.9 


4.0 


100.0 


16.3 


29.1 


41.2 


8.1 


1.2 


100.0 


36.9 


38.4 


15.7 


6.1 


.7 


100.0 


5.0 


25.0 


60.0 


7.5 


2.5 


lOJ.O 


23.4 


30.7 


32.6 


8.2 


2.9 


100.0 


37.0 


40.0 


8.0 


2.0 




100.0 


21.4 


30.6 


37.9 


3.1 


2.6 


100.0 


30.6 


36.5 


28.2 


3.5 


1.2 


100.0 


12.5 


30.5 


45.9 


6.9 


2.8 


100.0 


7.3 


40.4 


41.2 


7.9 


1.6 


100,0 


11.7 


43.7 


33.9 


6.2 


1.8 


100.0 


14.4 


34.3 


31.2 


13.1 


4.2 


100.0 


15.0 


25.0 


35.0 


15.0 




100.0 


37.2 


39.3 


20.1 


2.2 


1.2 


100.0 


13.9 


37.9 


36.4 


8.8 


1.3 


100.0 


7.7 


34.6 


46.2 






100.0 


22.4 


40.9 


28.6 


6.2 


.3 


100.0 


11.5 


26.9 


50.0 


9.0 


2.6 


100.0 


12.9 


25.9 


44.5 


14.8 


1.9 


100.0 


8.5 


31.9 


44.8 


10.6 


2.1 


100.0 


14.1 


38.0 


36.7 


4.2 


4.2 


100.0 


15.9 


44.9 


25.9 


7.3 


1.2 


100.0 


2.7 


20.0 


57.4 


17.2 




100.0 


17.4 


37.3 


44.2 






100.0 


27.0 


34.8 


22.5 


7.9 




100.0 


9.1 


32.8 


49.1 


5.4 




100.0 


14.6 


24.7 


47.2 


8.0 


3.3 


100.0 


13.8 


28.5 


40.5 


12.0 


3.4 


100.0 



Our Boys 



273 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Correlation Between Rank in Family and Age Leaving Schoo^ 

TABLE No. 7-D — GREATER NEW YORK 

American and Foreign Combined 



Age Leaving 


Rank in Family 


Per 

cent 

of 
total 


Number 
of cards 


School 


Oldest 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


Sth 


9th 


10th 


tabu- 
lated 


Under 14 


3.4 
27. C 
39.1 
25.1 

4.8 
.6 


3.8 

28 . r. 

38.8 

24.8 

3.7 

.4 


3.6 
28 8 
39.3 
24.3 

3.6 
.4 


3.1 
26.') 
39.1 
26.8 

4.1 
.5 


2.7 
26 .- 
40.4 

25.8 

4.r: 
.1 


3.0 
26.7 
38.0 
26.7 

5.3 
.3 


1.4 
27. • 
42.. 
23.9 

4.6 


2.3 

21. 

48.8 

22.7 

4.6 

.6 


2.9 

16 :. 

43.6 

25.0 

5.9 

1.4 


6.0 

19.: 

34.6 

28.8 

9.1 

1.5 


3.4 

27.." 
39.3 
25.2 

.4 


554 
4,460 
6,399 
4,089 

683 
73 


14 

15 . 


16 


17 


18 


Total per cent . . . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100. 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


4,391 


4,311 


3,025 


1,933 


1.264 


697 


347 


172 


68 


66 




16,264 





























Under 11 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Total per cent 

Total 



T 

3.1 

25.8 

35.6 

27.5 

6.4 

1.6 


ABLI 

3.0 
26.6 
33.9 

29. G 
6.0 
1.5 


] No 

3.0 
26.5 
36.6 

27.2 
5.6 
1.1 


7-E 

2.0 

28.2 

34.6 

27.0 

6.2 

1.1 


— CI 

3.3 
27.1 
36.6 
27.2 

4.8 
1.0 


TIES 

2.9 
26.6 
36.0 

28.7 
4.6 
1.2 


OVI 

3.1 

27.7 

35.9 

27.1 

5.9 

.3 


:R 2. 

1.5 
29.4 
43.5 

22.5 
2.1 
1.0 


5,000 

5.7 

34.3 

34.3 

21.0 

1.9 

2.S 


3.9 

29.4 

29.4 

30.4 

5.9 

1.0 


3.1 
26.7 
35.4 
27.7 

5.8 
1.3 


410 

3,597 

4,761 

3.722 

781 

181 


100.0 


100. 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




3,523 


3,319 


2,450 


1,656 


1.098 


654 


354 


191 


lOo 


102 




13,452 



TABLE No. 7-F — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Under 14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Total per cent . . 

1 otal 



6.6 


5.9 


6.0 


5.9 


7.1 


8.8 


7.1 


4.5 


14.3 


13.1 


6.5 


4.58 


17.9 


20.1 


19. S 


17.5 


21.0 


21.2 


20.2 


23.6 


17.9 


19.0 


19.2 


1,356 


34.6 


32.5 


33.9 


36.4 


33.8 


34.7 


36.9 


33.7 


37.5 


32.2 


34.2 


2,401 


32.2 


33.0 


32.4 


31.1 


31.5 


. 28.4 


32.8 


33.7 


26.8 


31.0 


32.1 


2,254 


7.3 


6.7 


6.8 


7.2 


5.4 


6.0 


3.0 


3.4 


3.5 


3.5 


6.6 


464 


1.4 


1.8 


1.1 


1.9 


1.2 


.9 




1.1 




1.2 


1.4 


101 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


i:x).o 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




1,915 


1,741 


1,199 


841 


594 


317 


198 


89 


56 


84 




7,034 



TABLE No. 7-G — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Under 14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Total per cent 

Total 



3.0 

16.9 

34.0 

36.7 

7.8 

1.6 


3.7 

17.4 

36.1 

34.8 

6.6 

1.4 


2.4 

17.7 

35.1 

35.9 

7.8 

1.1 


2.4 

18.4 

37.3 

33.9 

6.8 

1.2 


3.6 

22.0 

35.4 

31.2 

6.5 

1.3 


.6 
19.3 
32.8 
35.1 
10.5 
1.7 


3.3 
15.4 
30.8 
39.5 

8.8 
2.2 


18.6 

30.0 

42.9 

7.1 

1.4 


12.8 
18.0 
30.8 
30.8 
5.1 
2.5 


9.1 
30.3 
27.3 
30.3 

3.0 


3.1 

18.0 

35.0 

35.2 

7.3 

1.4 


122 

715 

1,390 

1,402 

291 

56 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100,0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




1,015 


1,019 


733 


499 


306 


171 


91 


70 


39 


33 




3,975 



























Note. — The group of boys coiniu^j: from familiei of only o:ie child is oavitted. 



■274 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Correlation Between Rank in Family and Age Leaving School 
TABLE No. 7-H — PLACES UNDER 5,000 

American and Foreign Combined 





Rank in Family 




Per 

cent 

of 

total 


Number 


Age leaving 
School. 


Oldest 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th 


tabu- 
lated 


■Under 14 


2.4 

18.8 

35.2 

34.0 

8.2 

1.4 


2.6 

18.5 

34.2 

35.8 

7.7 

1.2 


1.6 

17.4 

38.0 

33.4 

8.2 

1.4 


1.5 

18.4 

34.4 

37.0 

7.1 

1.6 


2.3 

17.4 

37.6 

36.3 

5.4 

1.0 


3.6 
20.2 
35.0 
.33.8 

6.6 
.8 


1.8 
18.7 
38.9 
33.3 

6.4 
.9 


.6 

20.3 

38.3 

36.0 

4.8 


1.9 
22.6 
41.5 
27.5 

5.6 
.9 


1.9 
17.9 
46.0 
31.1 

3.1 


2.2 

18.5 

35.9 

34.8 

7.4 

1.2 


243 


14 


2,037 


15 


3,959 


16 


3 , 832 


17 


821 


18 


137 


Total per cent. . . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.6 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


2,856 


2,806 


1,944 


1,273 


897 


529 


326 


186 


106 


106 




11,029 






. 







TABLE No. 7-1 — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with Two American Parents 



Under 14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

IS 

Total per cent 

Total 



2.9 

26.2 

37.5 

26.9 

5.5 

1.0 


3.7 
25.3 
38.9 
27.2 

4.4 
.5 


3.7 
26.6 
39.7 

25.8 

3.8 

.4 


4.1 
22.1 
40.1 
27.9 

5.4 
.4 


2.3 
27.4 
41.4 
23.4 

5.5 


2.7 

27.4 

38.4 

24.7 

5.5 

1.3 


1.3 
39.2 
46.6 
19.2 

2.7 








3.3 
25.5 
39.0 
26.8 

4.8 
.6 


136 


22.7 
45.4 
31.9 


5.2 
47.4 
36.9 
10.5 


15.7 
36.9 
36.9 
10.5 


1,059 

1,617 

1,101 

201 

26 












100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100. C 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100. 


100.0 




1,243 


1,190 


706 


466 


256 


146 


73 


22 


19 


19 




4,140 



TABLE No. 7-J— GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with One or Two Foreign Parents 



Under 14. . . . : . . 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Total per cent 

Total 



3.1 


3.9 


3.2 


2.8 


2.9 


2.6 


1.4 


1.9 


5.2 


10.0 


3.2 


287 


29.3 


30.9 


30.3 


29.1 


26.3 


29.3 


26.6 


21.9 


13.2 


20.0 


29.3 


2,588 


39.4 


38.6 


39.3 


40.1 


40.8 


39.3 


42.2 


50.5 


58.0 


32.5 


39.6 


3,492 


23.2 


23.1 


23.2 


23.6 


25.4 


24.8 


24.8 


20.0 


15.8 


25.0 


23.5 


2,070 


4.5 


3.3 


3.6 


3.8 


4.6 


4.0 


5.0 


4.8 


5.2 


10.0 


4.0 


351 


.5 


.2 


.4 


.6 








.9 


2.6 


2.5 


.4 


34 










100.0 


100.0 


ICO.O 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




2,112 


2,251 


1 ,755 


1,123 


757 


423 


218 


105 


38 


40 




8,822 



























Under 14. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 



TABLE No. 7-K — GREATER NEW YORK 
Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Total per cent . 
Total 



4.6 
23.0 
40. S 
26.9 

4.3 
.4 


3.9 
26.7 
39.3 
25.9 

3.7 
.5 


4.4 
27.1 
39.6 
25.7 

3.0 
.2 


2.6 
23.6 
34.6 
35.4 

3.5 
.3 


2.5 
26.1 
38.2 
29.5 

2.9 
.8 


4.7 
17.2 
33.5 
35.2 

9.4 


1.8 
26.8 
39.3 
26.8 

5.3 


4.4 
17.8 
46.7 
24.5 

6.6 






4.0 
24.8 
39.0 
27.8 

4.0 
.4 


131 


45.4 

18.2 
36.4 


28.6 
42.8 
28.6 


819 

1,290 

913 

131 






13 














100.0 


100.0 


100. G 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


ICO.O 


100.0 


100.0 




1,036 


870 


504 


344 


241 


128 


56 


45 


11 


7 


L-^ 


3,302 



Note. — The group of boys coming from families of only one child is omitted. 



Our Boys 



275 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Correlation Between Rank in Famiy and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 7-L — CITIES OVER 25,030 

American Boys with Two American Parents 



Age Leaving 
School 






R.\XK IN 


Family 








Per 

cent 

of 
total 


Number 
of cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Oldest 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th 


Undpr 14 

14 

15 


2.6 

21.5 

34.3 

30.3 

8.9 

2.4 


2.6 

21. S 

32.0 

33.7 

8.0 

1.9 


2.6 

22.7 

36.1 

30.1 

7.1 

1.4 


l.S 

24.7 

33.6 

30.2 

7.8 

1.9 


2.8 

22 2 

35^9 

30.3 

6.8 

2.0 


1.2 

22 . 5 

39.2 

30.0 

5.0 

2.1 


4.5 
21 .1 
39.8 
27.1 

6.8 
.7 


33^8 

47.7 

16.9 

1.6 


6.6 
30.0 
43.4 
10.0 

io'.o 


7.5 

20.0 

27.5 

35.0 

7.5 

2.5 


2.5 

22.4 

34.5 

30.9 

7.7 

2.0 


150 

1,317 
2 026 


16 

17 

IS 


1,814 
455 
116 


Total per cent . . . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


1,658 


1 , 578 


1,070 


668 


396 


240 


133 


65 


30 


40 




5,878 







TABLE No. 7-M — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys ivith One or Two Foreign Parents 



Under 14 


3.3 

31.5 

36.7 

23.3 

4.2 

1.0 


3.3 
33.1 
34.8 

22.8 
4.6 
1.4 


3.0 

30.0 

36.5 

24.9 

4.6 

1.0 


3.4 
31.5 
.35.3 
24.1 

5.2 
.5 


3.7 
30.4 
38.0 
23.2 

4.2 
.5 


3.8 
29.0 
33.7 

28.5 

4.4 

.6 


1.5 
34.1 
33.5 

25.8 
5.1 


1.8 

27.7 

42.8 

23.2 

2.7 

1.8 


6.4 
42.0 
27.4 
21.0 

3.2 


1.7 
36. 9 
29.8 
26.3 

5.3 


3.3 
31.5 
35.8 
24.0 

4.5 
.9 


197 


14 

15 

16 

17 

18 


1,88S 

2,151 

1,439 

272 

56 










Total per cent . . . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


1,306 


1,322 


1,125 


839 


62! 


365 


194 


112 


62 


57 




6,003 





TABLE No. 7-N — CITIES OVER 25,000 
Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Under 14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Total per cent 

Total 



4.1 
25.4 
37.2 
28.6 

3.8 
.9 


3.3 
23.9 
38.7 
31.0 

2.9 
.2 


4.3 
27.5 
38.4 
25.5 

3.9 
.4 


4.7 

24.8 

35.6 

29.5 

4.7 

.7 


3.7 
24.7 
29.6 
42.0 


f 4-1 
28.6 
36.7 
24.5 
4.1 
2.0 


7.4 
14.8 
33.3 
37.1 

7.4 


7.1 
21.4 
28.6 
42.9 






4.0 
25.0 
37.2 
29.9 

3.4 
.5 


63 


7.6 
46.2 
46.2 


20.0 
40.0 
40.0 


392 

584 

469 

54 

9 


















100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100. C 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




559 


419 


255 


149 


81 


49 


27 


14 


13 


5 




1.571 



Note. — The group of boy.s coming from families of only one child is omitted. 



276 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Last Grade Completed 

Percent of Boys Reporting Each Grade as the Last one Comple'ed 

TABLE No. 8-C — CITIES OVER 25,000 













Grades 








Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 


CITIES 


4th 

or 

under 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


1st 
high 
school 


2d 
high 
school 


3d 
high 
school 


4th 
high 
school 


lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Albany 

Amsterdam .... 

Auburn 

Binghamton. . . . 
Buffalo 


2.4 
.4 
1.2 
2.0 
2.3 

1.6 

1.4 


4.6 
3.6 
3.6 
5.0 
3.5 

2.3 
4.1 
4.6 
2.8 
6.2 

4.6 
4.6 
3.5 
4.6 
3.6 

3.6 
3.5 
5.9 
6.3 
9.3 

3.6 

2.5 


15.9 
20.4 
19.9 
18.8 
14.2 

11.3 
17.3 
18.4 
8.2 
18.5 

10.6 
20.4 
14.6 
8.8 
16.6 

13.7 
9.7 
17.9 
21.1 
17.0 

14.9 

7.4 


21.8 
30.1 
25.3 
25.9 
20.9 

21.6 
23.3 
27.0 
21.7 
22.4 

16.2 
23.7 
25.8 
23.6 
20.1 

27.1 
22.5 
22,5 
20.7 
21.3 

23.1 

22.9 


29.1 
25.2 
32.0 
28.2 
27.0 

32.7 
30.3 
30.2 
33.4 
28.4 

33.8 
26.7 
24.6 
32.9 
36.9 

25.1 
33.2 
27.7 
26.3 
24.9 

34.8 

43.5 


12.1 
10.2 
5.7 
10.6 
21.9 

14.5 
12.0 
9.0 
16.4 
10.4 

14.6 
10.3 
14.6 
12.2 
7.4 

14.0 
14.1 
12.4 
12.9 
12.4 

8.3 

8.8 


8.9 
7.5 
7.2 
5.4 
6.4 

11.4 
7.5 
6.8 

10.4 
6.8 

9.4 
6.4 
10.2 
9.9 
8.2 

9.2 
11.4 
7.1 
7.6 
9.7 

8.3 

5.9 


3.8 
1.3 
2.2 
2.8 
2.2 

2.2 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 
2.8 

4.4 
2.6 
4.3 
2.8 
3.5 

3.4 
2.7 
2.3 
2.7 
2.5 

1.6 

2.3 


1.4 
1.3 
3.0 
1.3 
1.6 

2.5 
2.4 
2.2 
2.8 
4.3 

3.1 
4.3 
1.0 
4.4 
2.4 

3.0 
2.9 
2.6 
1.6 
2.9 

.9 

1.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100,0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


2,542 

810 

829 

1,356 

11,257 

971 


Jamestown 


838 
553 


Mt. Vernon .... 
Newburgh 

New Rochelle. . . 
Niagara Falls. . . 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie. . . 
Rochester 

Schenectady 


2.6 
.2 

3.4 
1.0 
1.4 
.8 
1.41 

.9! 


857 
700 

760 

1,147 

546 

698 

6,322 

1,821 
3,874 


Troy 


1.6 

.8 


1,658 
2,241 




669 


Yonkers 

New York 


4.5 
5.7 


2,241 
124,795 



TABLE No. 8-D — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. . . 
Cohoes 


1.1 

.6 
4.1 

4.4 






Dunkirk 

Fulton 


.2 


Geneva 


2.2 


Glens Falls 

Gloversville .... 

Hornell 

Hudson 


.5 

1.3 

.5 

2.4 


Johnstown 

Lackawanna. . . . 

Little Falls 

Lockport 

Mechanicville. . . 

Middletown. . . . 
No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg .... 


2.5 
4.0 

.7 

.8 

3.8 

3.0 
1.3 
3.3 

.7 






Oneonta 


4.4 


Port Jervis 

Rensselaer 


6.2 
2.1 



3.7 


22.6 


20.9 


24.6 


12.3 


8.0 


8.9 


30.0 


26.1 


23.3 


3.9 


1.7 


4,1 


8.2 


19.0 


47.3 


5.1 


5.4 


6,8 


24.8 


24.0 


22.5 


8.8 


3.9 


5.7 


15.0 


22.7 


29.7 


14.7 


7.6 


4.4 


21.3 


24.6 


24.9 


16.8 


4.6 


5.1 


19.1 


22.9 


25.9 


14.8 


6.6 


11.3 


18.2 


21.7 


22.7 


14.3 


6.9 


5.0 


18.3 


11.7 


24,8 


17.5 


12.8 


2.6 


9.4 


23.1 


24.8 


14.5 


18.8 


2.7 


17.3 


22.3 


19.6 


12.8 


10.6 


2.0 


18.8 


27.2 


23.7 


17.9 


6.5 


3.6 


7.2 


18.9 


30.9 


15.9 


12.6 


12.2 


25.1 


20.7 


20.7 


12.2 


5.5 


3.9 


12.9 


12.9 


36.8 


14.5 


11.2 


3.8 


17.8 


20.4 


15.3 


13.4 


11.5 


9.5 


17.1 


20.8 


28.7 


12.6 


4.6 


6,3 


16.3 


20.7 


32.0 


12.0 


10.0 


3.8 


21.4 


21.0 


28.6 


11.8 


7.6 


17.5 


17.5 


12.1 


18.8 


15.0 


7.7 


2,2 


12.6 


32.7 


28.5 


14.6 


4.2 


7,9 


10.2 


22.0 


34.4 


14.6 


3.1 


7.7 


13.2 


15.4 


35.2 


12.0 


8.8 


11.1 


26.1 


18.4 


16.4 


11.7 


2.6 


4.0 


15.9 


25.2 


28.6 


9.3 


9.3 


1.6 


11.4 


22.8 


24.4 


23.6 


9.7 


6.4 


13 1 


24.4 


30.2 


8.8 


6.9 


6.0 


10,1 


20.1 


27.0 


18.9 


10.7 


8.1 


10.5 


22.4 


27.3 


12.4 


7.6 


4.2 


20.5 


19.6 


29.5 


13.1 


5.8 



3,2 


3.7 


1.7 


3.9 


5,4 


1.4 


1.2 


3,6 


2.0 


2.6 


2.7 


.7 


3.7 


2.7 


.6 


4.4 


3.3 


4.4 


6.1 


1.7 


6.7 


8.6 


1.0 


1.6 


8.6 


1.8 


.6 


.6 


5.0 


2.8 


5.1 


10.2 


.9 


1.8 


2.0 


2.0 


2.1 


2.9 


3.8 


3.8 


1.5 


.8 


2.2 


4.4 


4.4 




3.9 


9.1 


3.0 


4.8 


4,1 


2.4 


2.5 


4.3 


3.2 


5.0 


1.9 


3.7 


3.7 


1.6 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100. JO 



OuK Boys 



277 



Sixteen, Seventeen ani Eighteen Year Old Employed Brjs 

Last Grade Completed 

Percent of Boys Reporting Each Grade as the Last one Completed 

TABLE No. 8-D — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 













Grades 








Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 


CITIES 


4th 

or 

under 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


1st 

high 
school 


2d 

high 
school 


3d 

high 
school 


4th 
high 
school 


lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Rome 


.6 


4.2 
5.3 

8.8 
3.1 
4.9 

6.0 


19.7 
20.6 
13.5 
S.6 
17.6 

16.8 


26.7 
18.0 
17.7 
27.8 
21.3 

19.6 


22.1 
27.3 
22 4 
30 ! 9 

28.4 

27.6 


12.3 
12.7 
27.1 
18.9 
11.9 

10.4 


10.5 
4.7 
7.1 
6.4 
8.0 

9.6 


2.1 
4.7 
1.7 
1.2 
4.0 

2.0 


1.8 
6.7 
1.7 
3.1 
2.4 

4.8 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 


Salamanca 


189 






289 






230 


Watervliet 

White Plains . . . 


1.5 
3.2 


393 
457 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 8-E — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport. . . . 
Hastings. . . . 
Haverstraw . 
Hempstead. 
Herkimer . . . 



Hoosrick Falls. 
HucLdon Falls. 
Huntington. . 

Dion 

Johnson City. 



Laaca.ster. . . . 
La wrence . . . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck . 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown . 

Nyack 

Oasining 



Owego 

Patohogue 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan 

Port Chester . . . 

Port Washington 
Rockville Center 
Saranac Lake. . . 
Seneca Falls .... 
Solvay 



Tarrytown. 
Walden. . . . 
Waterf ord . 
Waverly. . . 
Wellsville. . 



Whitehall. 



6.5 
6.9 
9 
6.5 
2.4 

1.1 
4.1 
4.0 
2.5 



1.3 
3.1 



.7 
9.0 
12.2 

2.4 



3.9 
3.5 
1.3 

10.0 
3.2 
5.9 

7.7 
3.2 

7.7 



4.1 
7.2 
1.2 

2.7 



7.9 
1.7 
1.1 



5.6 
10.1 
10.7 

2.4 

7.3 

1.4 

9.0 

10.3 

11.4 

4.0 
2.1 
3.7 
1.8 
3.5 

1.5 
10.0 

8.2 
10.0 

9.2 

4.7 

2.8 
5.4 
8.8 
2.5 

5.0 
3.2 
5.3 
7.7 
6.5 

14.1 



8.2 
5.8 
1.2 

5.7 
4.4 
4.5 
7.3 
6.8 



( 32.3 


12.9 


8.3 


26.4 


20.2 


24.7 


9.8 


23.8 


21.7 


30.2 


13.7 


23.2 


6.8 


21.9 


28.0 


14.0 


25.6 


25.6 


22.2 


15.9 


6.7 


27.9 


18.3 


27.5 


6.4 


26.6 


8.3 


19.1 


13.5 


19.2 


16.4 


26.9 


5.0 


35.0 


28.3 


19.3 


12.0 


28.0 


23.5 


22.4 


16.5 


23.5 


16.7 


19.4 


15.6 


23.4 


IS. 6 


23.9 


19.0 


15.2 


20.0 


25.0 


U.7 


11.7 


20.5 


20.5 


15.4 


19.3 


22.7 


27.9 


23.2 


20.3 


7.7 


9.6 


18.4 


24.4 


23.2 


11.6 


1.2 


20.7 


8.6 


25.7 


23.4 


33.3 


27.0 


24.7 


25.5 


27.3 


11.2 


18.0 


14.7 


12.0 



3.2 
36.1 
19.3 
30.0 
26.5 

27.4 
35.9 
23.0 
30.9 
30.1 

29.4 
28.5 
43.1 
38.5 
33.6 

32.8 
20.0 
17.6 
18.0 
21.5 

31.7 
27.8 
28.9 
19.5 
21.5 

35.0 
34.0 
28.5 
42.3 
19.5 

12.8 
25.0 
14.4 
31.9 
32.9 

28.6 
23.4 
20.2 
23.7 
30.2 



16.1 
11.1 
11.0 
14.1 
6.0 

15.8 
17.9 
10.0 



7.9 

13.3 
14.3 
11.1 
14.6 
18.0 

11.2 
15.0 

8.2 
14.0 

6.1 

9.4 
11.1 
13.6 
15.9 
20.9 



16.0 

8.8 
3.8 
8.8 

12.8 
25.0 
24.4 
8.7 
22.0 

11.5 
12.2 
6.8 
7.3 
15.7 

14.7 



19.3 
1.4 
9.2 

2.8 
7.2 

7.3 
10.6 
3,0 
5.1 
7.4 

8.0 
4.1 
2.7 
9.4 
6.4 

4.5 
10.0 
7.4 
6.0 
3.1 



6.2 
10.1 



8.5 
6.7 



6.2 

3.9 

23.1 

2.0 

5.S 
13.4 

11.5 
2.2 
4.5 
5.4 

10.2 

4.3 



1.4 

.9 

1.4 

1.2 

1.1 

4.0 



3.4 
6.7 



3.7 
4.3 

1.2 

3.0 

'h'.i) 

'•2.0 

1.2 
9.7 
1.5 
.9 
3.8 



8.5 
2.1 



1.6 



1.3 

7.7 



5.8 
4.9 

5.7 
1.1 
3.3 
1.8 
3.4 

1.7 



9.7 
2.8 
3.7 
.9 
2.4 

3.1 
1.4 
5.0 



1.7 

2.7 
2.1 
1.8 
4.0 
2.3 

3.0 
5.0 
4.4 
3.0 



2.4 
4.2 
1.5 
2.7 
5.7 



5.0 
3.2 



3.9 
1.9 
4.1 



1.1 
'3A 
1.7 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



165 
96 
148 
164 
95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 
108 
62 
215 
153 

134 
28 
163 
153 
111 

128 

136 

90 

72 

217 

72 
107 
292 

72 
388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 

68 
115 

73 

118 



278 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-L — GREATER NEW YORK 

American Boys with Two American Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 


Ages 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

6th 


38 

9 

7 

23 

85 


70 

17 

64 

315 

571 

139 


54 
28 
111 
438 
876 
216 
133 


59 
44 
117 
253 
458 
121 
158 
77 


'"3 
10 
23 
50 
29 
36 
45 
50 


"i 

'"7 
2 
3 
9 

8 


221 

102 

309 

1,052 

2,047 

507 

330 

131 

58 


4.6 

2.1 

6.5 

22.2 

43.1 

10.6 

7.0 

2.7 

1.2 


4.6 
6.7 
13.2 
35.4 
78.5 
89.1 
96.1 
98.8 
100.0 


100.0 
95 4 


6th 


93 3 


7th 


86 8 


8th 


64 6 


1st high school 

2d 


21.5 
10 9 


3d 




3 9 


4th 




1 2 








Total 


162 


1,176 


1,856 


1,2S7 


246 


30 


4,757 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


3.4 


24.8 


39.0 


27.0 


5.2 


.6 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.4 


28.2 


67.2 


94.2 


99.4 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.6 


71.8 


32.8 


5.8 


.6 











TABLE No. 8-M — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with One American Parent 



4th or under 

5th 


11 
3 
4 
8 

34 


32 
10 
28 
129 
225 
60 


26 
10 
42 
154 
352 
75 
50 


19 
15 
38 
82 
185 
42 
50 
33 


3 

1 

S 

28 

9 

13 

13 

14 


■"■3 
.... 

"3 


88 

41 

113 

381 

827 

176 

114 

46 

17 


4.9 

2.3 

6.3 

21.1 

45.9 

9.8 

6.3 

2.5 

.9 


4.9 
7.2 
13.5 
34.6 
80.5 
90.3 
96.6 
99.1 
100.0 


100.0 
95 1 


6th 


92 8 


7th 


86 5 


8th 


65 4 


1st high school 

2d 


19.5 
9 7 


3d 




3.4 


4th 




9 








Total 


60 


474 


709 


464 


89 


7 


1,803 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


3.3 


26.3 


39.4 


25.7 


4.9 


.4 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.3 


29.6 


69.0 


94.7 


99.6 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.7 


70.4 


31.0 


5.3 


.4 

































TABLE No. 8-N — GREATER NEW YORK 



4th or under 

5th 


Ame 

38 

8 

23 

33 

143 


rican 

109 

30 

96 

630 

1,155 

177 


Boys 
112 

44 
188 
64'8 
1,458 
278 
167 


with 

90 
49 
151 
304 
643 
107 
208 
115 


Two F 

3 

5 

11 

16 
62 
20 
37 
42 
52 


'oreign 

"i 

2 
1 
1 

7 

8 


Parent 

352 

136 

469 

1,632 

3,463 

583 

413 

164 

60 


4.8 

1.8 

6.4 

22.7 

47.6 

8.0 

5.7 

2.2 

.8 


4.8 
6.6 
13.0 
35.7 
83.3 
91.3 
97.0 
99.2 
100.0 


100.0 
95.2 


6th 


93 4 


7th 


87.0 


8th 


64 3 


1st high school 

2d 


16.7 

8 7 


3d 




3.0 


4th 




8 








Total 


245 


2,197 


2,895 


1,667 


248 


20 


7,272 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


3.4 


30.3 


39.8 


22.9 


3.4 


.2 


100.0 









Cum. per cent 


3.4 


33.7 


73.5 


96.4 


99.8 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.6 


66.3 


26.5 


3.6 


.2 











OuK Boys 



279 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correla'ion Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-0 — GREATER NEW YORK 

Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 






Ages 






No of 
cards 
tabu 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 


71 
12 
17 
28 
49 


48 
26 
91 
268 
3.50 
58 


57 
47 
124 
378 
592 
102 
58 


64 

80 

143 

199 

302 

64 

85 

46 


5 
4 
3 
15 
43 
15 
15 
18 
31 


1 

"l 

' ' 2 
3 
1 
3 
3 


246 

169 

379 

888 

1,338 

242 

159 

67 

34 


7.0 

4.9 

10.9 

25.4 

38.3 

6.9 

4.6 

1.9 

.1 


7.0 
11.9 
22.8 
48.2 
86.5 
93.4 
98.0 
99.9 
100.0 


100.0- 
93.0' 


6th 


88. 1 


7th 


77.2 


8th 


51.8 


1st high school 

2d 


13.5 
6 6 


3d 




2 


4th 




.1 








Total 


177 


841 


1,358 


983 


149 


14 


3,522 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


5,0 


23.8 


38.7 


27.9 


4.2 


.4 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


5.0 


28.8 


67.5 


95.4 


99.6 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


95.0 


71.2 


32.5 


4.6 


.4 











TABLE No. 8-P — CITIES OVER 2-5,000 
American Boys with Two American Parents 



4th or under 

5th 


31 
12 
20 
34 

71 


61 
32 
215 
402 
550 
157 


55 
73 
307 
554 
776 
360 
127 


79 
63 
208 
332 
614 
375 
320 
80 


6 
7 
18 
28 
94 
95 
129 
90 
67 


4 

■ ■ 4 
15 
11 
30 
34 
35 


236 
187 
768 
1,354 
2,120 
998 
606 
204 
102 


3.6 

2.8 

11.7 

20.6 

32.2 

15.2 

9.3 

3.1 

1.5 


3.6 
6.4 
18.1 
38.7 
70.9 
86.1 
95.4 
98.5 
100.0 


100.0 
96 4 


6th 


93 6 


7th 


81 9 


8th 


61 3 


1st high school 

2d 


29.1 
13 9 


3d 




4 6 


4th 




1 5 








Total 


168 


1,417 


2,252 


2,071 


534 


133 


6,575 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


2.6 


21.6 


34.1 


31 6 


8.1 


2.0 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


2.6 


24.2 


58.3 


89.9 


98.0 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


97.4 


75.8 


41.7 


10.1 


2.0 











TABLE No. 8-Q — CITIES OVER 25,000 

American Boys ivith One American Parent 



4th or under 

5th 


8 

2 

9 

12 

23 


7 

8 

97 

144 

204 

49 


12 
13 

86 
134 

247 
108 
48 


15 
23 
63 
85 
140 
95 
73 
19 


3 

2 
2 
7 
12 
22 
28 
22 
25 


2 
6 
3 
7 
6 


46 

48 

257 

382 

628 

280 

152 

48 

31 


2.4 

2.6 

13.8 

20.4 

33.5 

15.0 

8.1 

2.6 

1.6 


2.4 
5.0 
18.8 
39.2 
72.7 
87.7 
95.8 
98.4 
100.0 


100.0 
97.6 
95,0 
81 ' 


6th 


7th 


8th 


60.8 

27.3 

12.3 

4.2 

1.& 


1st high school 

2d 


3d 




4th 








Total 


54 


509 


648 


513 


123 


25 


1,872 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


2.9 


27.2 


34.6 


27.4 


6.6 


1.3 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


2.9 


30.1 


64.7 


92.1 


98.7 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


97.1 


69.9 


35.3 


7.9 


1.3 











280 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-R — CITIES OVER 25,000 

American Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



La8t Grade 

Completed 


Ages 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 


16 
13 

38 
34 
37 


33 

49 
270 

475 

461 

85 


36 
64 
293 
380 
497 
144 
61 


31 

39 

158 

165 

269 

137 

96 

28 


6 

1 

4 

8 

29 

22 

30 

26 

26 


2 
1 

1 

' "5 

4 

5 

7 

10 


124 

167 

764 

1,082 

1,298 

392 

192 

61 

36 


3.2 

4.7 

18.5 

25.8 

31.5 

9.5 

4.6 

1.4 

.8 


3.2 
7.9 
26.4 
52.2 
83.7 
93.2 
97.8 
99.2 
100.0 


100.0 
96.8 


6th 


92.1 


7th 


73.6 


8th 


47.8 


1st high school 

2d 


16.3 
6.8 


3d 




2.2 


4th 




.8 






Total 


138 


1,373 


1,475 


923 


152 


35 


4,096 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


3.4 


33.5 


36.0 


22.5 


3.7 


.9 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.4 


36.9 


72.9 


95.4 


99.1 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.6 


63.1 


27.1 


4.6 


.9 











TABLE No. 8-S — CITIES UNDER 25,000 
Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



4th or under 

5th 


15 

10 

14 

13 

9 


32 
36 
98 
119 
108 
16 


23 

60 

172 

129 

158 

53 

16 


IS 
64 

128 
85 

106 

57 

28 

7 


2 
4 
4 
9 
8 
10 
7 
5 
7 


1 
2 
1 

""i 
1 

1 
2 

3 


91 

176 

417 

355 

390 

137 

52 

14 

10 


5.5 

10.7 

25.4 

21.6 

23.8 

8.4 

3.2 

.8 

.6 


5.5 
16.2 
41.6 
63.2 
87.0 
95.4 
98.6 
99.4 
100.0 


100.0 
94.5 


6th 


83.8 


7th 


58.4 


8th 

lat high school 

2d 


36.8 

13.0 

4.6 


3d 




1.4 


4th 


.6 








Total 


61 


409 


611 


493 


56 


12 


1,642 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


3.7 


25.0 


37.2 


30.0 


3.4 


.7 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.7 


28.7 


65.9 


95.9 


99.3 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.3 


71.3 


34.1 


4.1 


.7 











TABLE No. 8-T — CITIES OVER 25,000 INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 

Scotch Boys with Scotch Parents 



4th or under 

5th 




"i 

5 
5 

2 


8 
8 
5 
3 


""I 
1 

1 
1 


1 

.... 
2 




1 
1 

17 

18 

8 

5 

3 


1.9 
1.9 

"32;i 

34.0 

15.0 

9.4 

5.7 


1.9 

3.8 

3.8 

35.9 

69.9 

84.9 

94.3 

100.0 


r 100.0 
98.1 


6th 




96.2 


7th 

8th 

1st high school 

2d 


1 
1 


96.2 
64.1 
30.1 
15.1 


3d 




5.7 


4th .... 












Total 


2 


13 


24 


10 


4 




53 


100.0 










Per cent of total .... 


3.8 


24.5 


45.3 


18.9 


7.5 




100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.8 


28.3 


73.6 


92.5 


100.0 












Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.2 


71.7 


26.4 


7.5 


.... 


— — 










OuB Boys 



281 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-T — (Continued) 

American Boys with Scotch Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 






Ages 








No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 




1 
.... 

6 

12 

3 


"3 

6 

13 

2 

1 


.... 

'"2 
9 
1 
2 






i 


1 
1 
4 
14 
35 
7 
3 
1 
1 


1.5 

1.5 

6.0 

20.9 

52.1 

10.5 

4.5 

1.5 

1.5 


1.5 

3.0 

9.0 

29.9 

82.0 

92.5 

97.0 

98.5 

100.0 


100.0 

98.5 

97.0 

91.0 

70.1 

18.0 

7.5 

3.0 

1.5 


6th 




7th 


... 


Sth 


1st high school 

2d 


3d 




4th 




1 




Total 


1 


23 


25 


15 


1 


2 


67 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


1.5 


34.3 


37.3 


22.4 


1.5 


3.0 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


1.5 


35.8 


73.1 


95.5 


97.0 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


98.5 


64.2 


26.9 


4.5 


3.0 



































TABLE No. 8-U — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 
Russian Boys with Russian Parents 



4th or under 

5th 


9 

2 

2 

20 

27 


18 

7 

21 

109 

170 

32 


22 

12 

55 

133 

298 
56 
39 


23 
26 
62 
66 
166 
44 
46 
26 


2 

1 

1 

6 

20 

5 

12 

13 

18 


.... 

. . .^ 

1 

'"2 

2 


74 
48 
142 
334 
682 
138 
97 
41 
20 


4.7 
3.0 
9.0 
21.2 
43.3 
8.8 
6.2 
2.6 
1.2 


f 4.7 
7.7 
16.7 
37.9 
81.2 
90.0 
96.2 
98.8 
100.0 


100.0 
95 3 


6th 


92.3 
83.3 
62.1 
18.8 
10.0 
3.8 
1 2 


7th 


Sth 


1st high school 

2d 


3d 




4th 










Total 


60 


357 


615 


459 


78 


7 


1,576 


100.0 










Per cent of total. . . . 


3.8 


22.7 


39.0 


29.2 


4.9 


.4 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.8 


26.5 


65.5 


94.7 


99.6 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.2 


73.5 


34.5 


5.3 


.4 











American Boys with Russian Parents 



4th or under 

5th 


12 

2 

1 

9 

31 


32 
2 

15 
108 
266 

45 


44 
7 

41 
104 
343 

98 

61 


32 
11 
23 
54 
124 
40 
86 
47 


4 
4 
10 

8 
22 
26 

27 


.... 

1 
.... 

2 


120 

22 

84 

279 

775 

192 

169 

74 

9 


6.9 

1.2 

4.8 

16.0 

44.4 

11.0 

9.7 

4.3 

1.7 


6.9 
8.1 
12.9 
28.9 
73.3 
84.3 
94.0 
98.3 
100.0 


100.0 
93 1 


6th 


91 9 


7th 


87 1 


Sth 


71 1 


1st high school 

2d 


26.7 
15 7 


3d 




6 


4th 




1 7 








Total 


55 


468 


698 


417 


101 


5 


1,744 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


3.2 


26.8 


40.0 


23.9 


5.8 


.3 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.2 


30.0 


70.0 


93.9 


99.7 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.8 


70.0 


30.0 


6.1 


.3 











282 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Betweem Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-V — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 

Irish Boys with Irish Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 


Ages 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 


■"2 


.... 

1 
5 


' ' '2 
6 

7 

■ ' '2 


1 

' ■ '4 

'"s 

1 
3 


.... 




1 
2 

7 
7 
20 
2 
5 


2.2 
4.5 
15.9 
15.9 
45.6 
4.5 
11.4 


2.2 
6.7 
22.6 
38.5 
84.1 
88.6 
100.0 


100.0 
97.8 


'6 th .1 


93.3 


7th 




77.4 


8th 




61.5 


1st high school 

2d 




15.9 
11.4 


3d 






4th 












Total 


2 


7 


17 


17 


1 




44 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


4.5 


15.9 


38.7 


38.7 


2.2 




100.0 








Cum. per cent 


4.5 


20.4 


59.1 


97.8 


100.0 












Cum. per cent 


100.0 


95.5 


79.6 


40.9 


2.2 













4th or under 

5th 


7 

1 

3 

13 

29 


Amej 

10 
1 

23 
104 
167 

16 


ican 1 

6 

8 

50 

142 

252 

56 

25 


Soys -u 

6 
10 
37 
77 
161 
30 
45 
13 


nth Ir 
"i 

3 
14 

3 
8 
5 


ish P 

.... 

1 
2 
1 


arents 

29 

20 

114 

339 

623 

105 

74 

23 

6 


2.2 

1.5 

8.6 

25.4 

46.7 

7.9 

5.5 

1.7 

.5 


2.2 
3.7 
12.3 
37.7 
84.4 
92.3 
97.8 
99.5 
100.0 


100.0 
97.° 


6th 


96.3 


7th 


87. i 


8th 

1st high school 

2d 


62.3 
15.6 

7.7 


3d 




2.2 


4th 




.5 








Total 


53 


321 


539 


379 


36 


5 


1,333 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


4.0 


24.1 


40.4 


28.4 


2.7 


.4 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


4.0 


28.1 


68.5 


96.9 


99.6 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 

■ — 


96.0 


71.9 


31.5 


3.1 


.4 














TABLE No. 8-W — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 

Scandinavian Boys with Scandinavian Parents 



4th or under 

5th 




3 

7 
7 

1 


1 

"3 

14 


3 

2 
3 
3 

2 


1 

"i 

1 
.... 


.... 


2 

8 

15 

26 

4 

2 

1 


3.5 

"isIs 

25.9 

44.8 

6.9 

3.5 

"1.6 


3.5 
3.5 
17.3 
43.2 
88.0 
94.9 
98.4 
98.4 
100.0 


100.0 
96.5 


6th 

7th 


i 

2 

1 


96.5 

82.7 


8th 


56.8 


1st high school 

2d 


12.0 
5.1 


3d 




5.1 


4th 




1.6 








Total 


4 


18 


18 


13 


4 


1 


58 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


6.9 


31.1 


31.1 


22.4 


6.9 


1.6 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


6.9 


38.0 


69.1 


91.5 


98.4 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


93.1 


62.0 


30.9 


8.5 


1.6 


^--_ 






.^-- 



Our Boys 



283 



Si.vteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Emplojjed Boys 

Ages and Grades 
Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 
TABLE No. 8-W — (Continued) 
American Boys with Scandinavian Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 






Ages 






No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 

cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 


2 


4 
1 

7 
27 
59 

7 

.... 


3 
2 
7 
28 
62 
13 
10 


3 

"9 

9 

32 

16 

11 

5 


"2 
2 
3 
1 
1 


.... 
1 


12 
3 

25 

65 

160 

38 

25 

7 

1 


3.6 

.9 

7.4 

19.3 

47.7 

11.3 

7.4 

2.1 

.3 


3.6 
4.5 
11.9 
31.2 
78.9 
90.2 
97.6 
99.7 
100.0 


100.0 
96.4 


6th 

7th 


2 

1 
5 


95.5 

88.1 


Sth 

1st high school 

2d 


68.8 

21.1 

9 8 


3d 




2 4 


4th 




.3 








Total 


10 


105 


125 


85 


9 


2 


336 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


3.0 


31.3 


37.2 


25.3 


2.7 


.5 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.0 


34.3 


71.5 


96.8 


99.5 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


97.5 


65.7 


28.5 


3.2 


.5 











TABLE No. 8-X — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 
German Boys with German Parents 



4th or under 

5th 

6th 


1 
1 


10 
14 
11 
4 


2 
1 

10 
8 

14 
8 
2 


1 

1 
5 
6 
9 
3 
1 


"2 




4 
3 
26 
30 
35 
16 
4 

2 


3.3 
2.5 
21.7 
25.0 
29.2 
13.3 
3.3 

"i'.7 


3.3 
5.8 
27.5 
52.5 
81.7 
95.0 
98.3 

'i66!6 


100.0 
96.7 
94 2 


7th 

Sth 


1 


72.5 
47 5 


1st high school 

2d 




18.3 
5 


3d 






4th 




1 7 








Total 


3 


39 


45 


26 


7 




120 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


2.5 


32.5 


37.5 


21.7 


5.8 




100.0 








Cum. per cent 


2.5 


35.0 


72.5 


94.2 


100.0 












Cum. per cent 


100.0 


97.5 


65.0 


27.5 


■5.8 


.... 




_^-l_ 








•r'l- ^ 


15 
3 
10 
11 

26 


American Boy.? with Get 


man 


Barents 








4th or under 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

1st high school 

2d 


21 
14 
97 
242 
346 
67 


12 
U 
58 
13S 
276 
52 
34 


10 
8 
36 
60 
119 
34 
31 
15 


4 
1 

1 

3 

17 

7 
S 

7 


" '4 

■ ■ '2 
4 


62 

37 

202 

454 

788 

160 

73 

24 

11 


3.4 

2.0 

11.2 

25.1 

43.5 

8.8 

4.0 

1.4 

.6 


3.4 
5.4 
16.6 
41.7 
85.2 
94.0 
98.0 
99.4 
100.0 


100.0 
96.6 
91.6 
83.4 
53.3 
14.8 
6 


3d 




2 


4th 




g 








Total 


65 


787 


581 


313 


55 


10 


1.811 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


3.6 


43.5 


32.1 


17.3 


3.0 


.5 


100.0 








Cu n. per cent 


3.6 


47.1 


79.2 


96.5 


99.5 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.4 


52.9 


20.8 


3.5 


.5 


_--!_ 









284 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-Y — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 

English Boys with English Parents 



\ 



Last Grade 
Completed 


Ages 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 

cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 

cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 


2 
2 


2 

1 

11 

13 

14 
5 


2 
1 
5 
14 
20 
8 
2 


3 

1 

5 

15 

18 
4 
6 


"■7 
1 
2 
1 

1 


"1 


9 

5 

21 

43 

59 

18 

11 

1 

1 


6.4 

3.0 

12.5 

25.6 

35.1 

10.7 

,6.5 

.6 

.6 


5.4 
8.4 
20.9 
46.5 
81.6 
92.3 
98.8 
99.4 
100.0 


100.0 
94.6 


6th 


91.6 


7th 

8th 


1 


79.1 
53.5 


1st high school 

2d 




18.4 

7.7 


3d 




1.2 


4th 




.6 








Total 


5 


46 


52 


52 


12 


1 


168 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


3.0 


27.4 


30.9 


30.9 


7.2 


.6 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.0 


30.4. 


61.3 


92.2 


99.4 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


97.0 


69.6 


38.7 


7.8 


.6 













4th or under 

5th 


" i 

1 


Amen 

3 

"l 
10 

22 
7 


can B 

1 
2 
11 
16 
36 
9 
11 


oys wt 

5 

4 
7 
9 
16 
12 
4 
4 


th En 

"s 
3 

" '"2 

.... 


glish J 

. ..^ 
"i 


Parents 

9 
7 
20 
35 
78 
31 
15 
7 


4.5 

3.5 

9.9 

17.3 

38.6 

15.3 

7.4 

3.5 


4.5 
8.0 
17.9 
35.2 
73.8 
89.1 
96.5 
100.0 


100.0 
95.5 


6th 


92.0 


7th 


82.1 


8th 




64.8 


1st high school 

2d 




26.2 
10.9 


3d 




3.5 


4th 












Total 


2 


43 


86 


61 


8 


2 


202 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


1.0 


21.3 


42.6 


30.2 


3.9 


1.0 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


1.0 


22.3 


64.9 


95.1 


99.0 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


99.0 



77.7 


35.1 


4.9 




1.0 











TABLE No. 8 Z — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 



4th or under 

5th 





Canad 
4 

2 

8 

lu 

4 


ian Be 

1 
"io 

8 
8 
5 
2 


ys wit 

1 
1 
6 
5 
6 
9 
6 
1 


h Cane 

""\ 

3 

. ... 


dian 1 

1 

" i 
1 


^arents 

7 

1 

19 

21 

25 

21 

8 

3 

1 


6.6 

.9 

17.9 

19.9 

23.6 

19.9 

7.5 

2.8 

.9 


6.6 
7.5 
25.4 
45.3 
68.9 
88.8 
96.3 
99.1 
100.0 


100.0 
93.4 


6th 




92.5 


7th 


74.6 


8th .... 




54.7 


1st high school 

2d 




31.1 
11.2 


3d 




3.7 


4th 




.9 








Total 


1 


28 


34 


35 


5 


3 


106 


100.0 










Per cent of total .... 


.9 


26.5 


32.1 


33.0 


4.7 


2.8 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


.9 


27.4 


59.5 


92.5 


97.2 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


99.1 


72.6 


40.5 


7.5 


2.8 












Our Boys 



285 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-Z — (Continued) 

American Boys with Canadian Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 


Ages 


No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 

cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 

6th 


.... 


6 

9 

16 

3 


4 
1 
5 
10 
23 
5 
1 


4 
3 
6 
10 
12 
4 
6 


.... 

" i 

3 

"i 


.... 


8 
7 
17 
30 
53 
13 
12 

2 


5.6 
4.9 
12.0 
21.1 
37.3 
9.2 
8.5 

"i'.4 


5.6 
10.5 
22.5 
43.6 
80.9 
90.1 
98.6 

'i6o!6 


100.0 
94.4 
89.5 


7th 




77.5 


8th 


2 


56.4 


1st high school 

2d 


19.1 
9.9 


3d 






4th 




1.4 








Total 


3 


36 


49 


45 


6 


3 


142 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


2.1 


25.4 


34.5 


31.7 


4.2 


2.1 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


2.1 


27.5 


62.0 


93.7 


97.9 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


97.9 


72.5 


38.0 


6.3 


2.1 











TABLE No. 8-AA — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 

Austro-Hungarian Boys with Ausiro-Hungarian Parents 



4th or under 

5th 

6th 

7th 


1 
1 
3 
3 
5 


6 

7 

22 

43 

61 

6 


8 
8 
24 
60 
78 
16 
7 


2 
9 
30 
28 
31 
14 
13 
4 


1 
1 
3 

4 
1 

.... 




17 

1 27 

80 

137 

179 

37 

20 

4 

1 


3.4 

5.4 

15.9 

27.3 

35.7 

7.4 

3.9 

.8 

.2 


3.4 
8.8 
24.7 
52.0 
87.7 
95.1 
99.0 
99.8 
100.0 


100.0 
96.6 
91.2 
75.3 


8th 

1st high school 

2d 


48.0 
12.3 
4.9 


3d 




1.0 


4th 




.2 








Total 


13 


145 


201 


131 


11 




1 502 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


2.6 


28.9 


40.0 


26.1 


2.2 




.2 100.0 








Cum. per cent 


2.6 


31.5 


71.5 


97.6 


99.8 


10( 


D.O 








Cum."'per cent 


100.0 


97.4 


68.5 


28.5 


2.4 




.2 


^l-L. 








4th or under 

5th 


Amer 

2 
2 
9 
6 
23 


ican J 

22 
5 

33 
100 
194 

26 


3oys n 

22 

11 

36 
79 
219 
58 
23 


nth A 

20 
5 
21 
22 
103 
22 
45 
29 


ustro-I 

3 

1 

' ■ 2 

6 

5 

8 

10 

15 


lungar 

.... 
"3 

3 


ian Par 

69 

24 

99 

209 

546 

111 

76 

42 

18 


ents 

5.8 
2.0 
8.3 
17.5 
45.7 
9.3 
6.4 
3.5 
1.5 


5.8 
7.8 
16.1 
33.6 
79.3 
88.6 
95.0 
98.5 
100.0 


100.0 
94.2 


6th 


92.2 


7th 


83.9 


8th 


66.4 


1st high school 

2d 


20.7 
11.4 


3d 




5.0 


4th 




1.5 








Total 


42 


380 


448 


267 


50 


7 


1,194 












Per cent of total 


3.5 


31.8 


37.5 


22.4 


4.2 


.6 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.5 


35.3 


72.8 


95.2 


99.4 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.5 


64.7 


27.2 


4,8 


.6 












286 



OrK Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen ani Eighteen Year Old Emplcyed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-BB — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YOR K 

Polish Boys with Polish Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 






Ages 






No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 


1 


5 

5 

16 

29 

17 


5 
5 

22 

17 

33 

4 

1 


4 
5 

16 
4 

10 
5 
1 
2 


i 

1 
1 
2 

" 1 




15 

16 

57 

60 

63 

9 

2 

2 

1 


6.7 

7.1 

25.3 

26.7 

28.0 

4.0 

.9 

.9 

.4 


6.7 
13.8 
39.1 
65.8 
93.8 
97.8 
98.7 
99.6 
100.0 


100.0 
93 3 


6th 

7th 


2 
9 
1 


86.2 
60 9 


Sth 


34 2 


1st high school 

2d 


6.2 
2 2 


3d 




1 3 


4th. 




4 








Total 


13 


72 


87 


47 


6 




225 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


5.8 


32.0 


38.7 


20.9 


2.6 




100.0 








Cum. per cent 


5.8 


37.8 


76.5 


97.4 


100.0 












Cum. per cent 


100.0 


94.2 


62.2 


23.5 


2.6 


' ' ' ' 











I 



4th or under 

Sth 

6th 

7th 


3 
3 

10 
5 

8 


Ameri 

' 5 
9 
64 
84 
77 
15 


can B 

10 
10 
67 
76 
68 
26 
10 


oys w 

7 
7 
24 
27 
38 
11 
10 
5 


ith Pi 

' "2 
1 
2 

' ' '4 
2 
1 


ylish 1 


^arents 

25 

29 

167 

193 

193 

52 

24 

7 

1 


3.5 

4.2 

24.4 

27.9 

27.9 

7,5 

3,5 

1,0 

,1 


3.5 
7.7 
32.1 
60.0 
87.9 
95.4 
98.9 
99.9 
100.0 


100.0 
96.5 
92.3 
67.9 


8th.. 

Ist high school 

2d 


40.0 
12.1 
4.6 


3d 




1.1 


4th 




.1 








Total 


29 


254 


267 


129 


12 




691 


100,0 






Per cent of total 


4,2 


36.8 


38,6 


18,7 


1.7 




100,0 








Cum. per cent 


4,2 


41,0 


79,6 


98.3 


100.0 












Cum. per cent 


100.0 


95,8 


59,0 


20.4 


1.7 














TABLE No. 8-CC — CITIES OVER 25,000, INCLUDING GREATER NEW YORK 
Italian Boys with Italian Parents 



4th or under 

Sth 


28 
11 
17 
15 
12 


32 
38 
88 
135 
89 
2 


38 

73 

150 

199 

170 

13 

6 


41 

85 

120 

100 

92 

19 

9 

7 


3 
4 
2 
9 
15 
2 
2 
1 
3 


1 
1 

.... 

1 

"i 

3 


143 

212 

377 

458 

379 

37 

17 

9 

6 


8.7 

12.9 

23.0 

27.9 

23.1 

2.3 

1.1 

.6 

,4 


8,7 
21.6 
44.6 
72.5 
95.6 
97.9 
99.0 
99.6 
100.0 


100.0 
91.3 


6th 


78.4 


7th 


55.4 


Sth 


27.5 


1st high school 

2d 


4.4 
2.1 


3d 




1.0 


4th . ... 




.4 








Total 


83 


384 


649 


473 


41 


8 


1,638 


100,0 






Per cent of total .... 


5.1 


23.5 


39.6 


28.8 


2.5 


.5 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


5.1 


28.6 


68.2 


97.0 


99,5 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


94.9 


71.4 


31,8 


3,0 


.5 












OuE Boys 



287 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Ei'iKlee'i^ Year Old Emplo'jed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Age Leaving School 

TABLE No. 8-CC — (Continued) 

American Boys with Italian Parents 









Ages 






No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 
cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Last Grade 
Completed 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


4th or under 

5th 

6th 


6 

7 
21 
18 
33 


25 
33 
99 
331 
283 
35 


25 

51 

164 

330 

442 
44 

22 


15 

34 

119 

151 

212 

37 

30 

12 


1 
2 
5 
8 
26 
7 
9 
4 
9 


.... 

" 1 

1 
2 


72 

127 

409 

838 

996 

123 

62 

17 

11 


2.7 

4.8 

15.4 

31.6 

37.5 

4.7 

2.3 

.6 

.4 


2.7 
7.5 
22.9 
54.5 
92.0 
96.7 
99.0 
99.6 
100.0 


100.0 
97.3 
92.5 


7th 


77.1 


8th 

1st high school 

2d 


45.5 
8.0 
3. 


3d 




1. 


4th . . . . 1 




4 








Total 


85 


806 


1,078 


610 


71 


5 


2,655 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


3.2 


30.3 


40.7 


23.0 


2.6 


.2 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.2 


33.5 


74.2 


97.2 


99.8 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.8 


66.5 


25.8 


2.8 


.2 











Correlation Between Age Leaving School and Last Grade Completed for all 

Boys Having a Father as Guardian 

TABLE No. S-DD — GREATER NEW YORK 



4th or under 

5th 

6th 


39 
24 
36 
69 
251 


Ame 

211 
59 

212 
1,001 
1,808 

380 


rican 
219 
100 
364 
1,280 
2,727 
602 
375 


and F 

264 
157 
359 
681 
1,.327 
315 
467 
250 


oreign 

7 

11 

17 

51 

147 

74 

96 

109 

137 


Comb 

.... 

1 
12 

9 

8 
21 
23 


ined 

740 

351 

989 

3,083 

6,272 

1,380 

946 

380 

160 


5.2 
2.4 
6.9 
21.6 
43.9 
9.7 
6.6 
2.6 
1.1 


5.2 
7.6 
14.5 
36.1 
80.0 
89.7 
96.3 
98.9 
100.0 


100. 
94. 8 
92 4 


7th 

8th 

1st high school 

2d 


85.5 
63. 
20.0 
10 3 


3d 




3 7 


4th 




1 1 








Total 


419 


3,671 


5,667 


3,820 


649 


75 


14,301 


100.0 




Per cent of total 


2.9 


25.6 


39.9 


26.6 


4.5 


.5 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


2.9 


28.5 


68.4 


95.0 


99.5 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


97.1 


71.5 


31.6 


5.0 


.5 











Correlation Between Age Leaving School and Last Grade Completed for all 

Boys Having a Guardian Other Than Father 

TABLE No. 8-EE — GREATER NEW YORK 

American and Foreign Combined 



4th or under 

5th 

6th 

7th 


19 
8 
13 

25 

77 


53 
27 
80 
374 
547 
101 


42 

30 

113 

384 

626 

94 

54 


47 
37 
98 
172 
309 
55 
66 
40 


■•-2 
8 
13 
41 
17 
19 
22 
26 


"3 
2 
2 
2 
6 


161 

104 

312 

968 

1,603 

269 

141 

64 

32 


4.4 

2,8 

8.5 

26.5 

43.9 

7.4 

3.8 

1.8 

.9 


4.4 
7.2 
15.7 
42.2 
86.1 
93.5 
97.3 
99.1 
100.0 


100. 

95. 6 

92.8 

84. 3 

57.8 

13.9 

6.5 

2.7 

.9 


8th 

1st high school 

2d 


3d 




4th 1 








Total 


142 


1,182 


1,343 


824 


148 


15 


3,654 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


3.9 


32.4 


36.7 


22.6 


4.0 


.4 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.9 


36.3 


73.0 


95.6 


99.6 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.1 


63.7 


27.0 


4.4 


.4 











288 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Fear Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Age Leaving School and Last Grade Completed for all 

Boys Having a Mother 

TABLE No. 8-FF — GREATER NEW YORK 

American and Foreign Combined 



Last Grade 
Completed 






Ag 


ES 






No. of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Per 

cent 

of 
total 


Cum. 
per 
cent 


Cum. 


—14 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


per 
cent 


4th or under 

5th 


83 

28 

45 

82 

298 


54 

72 

260 

1,243 

2,152 

436 


80 
121 
425 
1,497 
3,085 
663 
590 


91 
164 
411 
775 
1,490 
337 
502 
439 


7 

16 

23 

57 

175 

76 

103 

119 

254 


2 

"l3 

13 

9 

25 

74 


317 

401 

1,164 

3,654 

7,213 

1,525 

1,204 

583 

328 


1.9 
2.5 
7.1 
22.3 
44.0 
9.3 
7.3 
3.6 
2.0 


1.9 
4.4 
11.5 
33.8 
77.8 
87.1 
94.4 
98.0 
100.0 


100.0 
98.1 


6th 


95.6 


7th 


88.5 


8th 


66.2 


1st high school 

2d 


22.2 
12.9 


3d 




5.6 


4th 




2.0 








Total 


536 


4,217 


6,461 


4,209 


830 


136 


16.389 


100.0 










Per cent of total 


3.2 


25.6 


39.3 


25.6 


5.5 


.8 


100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.2 
100.0 


28.8 


68.1 


93.7 


99.2 


100.0 










Cum. per cent 


96.8 


71.2 


31.9 


6.3 


.8 











Correlation Between Age Leaving School and Last Grade Completed for all 
Boys Having No Mother 
TABLE No. 8-GG — GREATER NEW YORK 
American and Foreign Combined 



4th or under 

5th 


8 
4 
3 
4 
26 


7 

12 

25 

109 

158 

42 


4 

8 

40 

134 

206 

22 

32 


7 
25 
40 
68 
115 
24 
26 
23 


4 

7 

10 

8 

8 

16 

18 




26 

49 

112 

322 

515 

96 

66 

39 

2 20 


2.1 
3.9 
9.0 
25.8 
41.4 
7.8 
5.3 
3.1 
1.6 


2.1 
6.0 
15.0 
40.8 
82.2 
90.0 
95.3 
98.4 
100.0 


100.0 
97.9 


6th 


94.0 


7th 


85.0 


8th 


59.2 


1st high school 

2d 


17.8 
10.0 


3d 




4.7 


4th 




1.6 








Total 


45 


353 


446 


328 


71 




2 1,245 


100.0 






Per cent of total 


3.6 


28.4 


35.8 


26.3 


5.7 




.2 100.0 








Cum. per cent 


3.6 


32.0 


67.8 


94.1 


99.8 


1( 


)0.0 








Cum. per cent 


100.0 


96.4 


68.0 


32.2 


5.9 




.2 









Our Boys 



289 



S'xieen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Ages and Grades 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Rank in Family 

TABLE No. 8-MM — CITIES OVER 25,000 

American and Foreign Combined 











Rank in 


Family 








No. of 


Last Grade 


, 


















cards 


Completed 


Oldrst* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


Sth 


6th 


7th 


Sth 


9th 


10th + 


tabu- 
lated 


4th or under 


4.5 


4.4 


4.1 


4.1 


4.0 


3.6 


3.8 


1.6 


3.0 


2.0 


551 


5th 


3.7 


3.8 


4.3 


4.7 


4.9 


4.6 


5.3 


6.4 


6.0 


4.0 


552 


6th 


16.0 


13.9 


15.2 


16.4 


16.5 


15.6 


14.7 


18.6 


26.0 


12.0 


2,088 


7th 


20.6 


22.6 


23.6 


24.0 


25.4 


23.4 


24.4 


23.4 


32.0 


29.0 


2,991 


Sth 


31.1 


30. 8 


32.0 


31.4 


31.2 


33.2 


32.8 


32.4 


26.0 


33.0 


4,111 


1st high school. . 


12.1 


12.6 


12.2 


11.0 


9.5 


11.0 


10.6 


13.8 


6.0 


12.0 


1,631 


2d 


S.2 


2.3 


6.2 


5.9 


5.9 


5.8 


5.3 


2.7 


1.0 


4.0 


862 


3d 


2.2 


2.4 


1.6 


1.9 


1.9 


1.4 


2.6 






1.0 


264 


4th 


1.6 


1.2 


.8 


.6 


.7 


1.4 


.5 


1.1 




3.0 


147 






Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


3,443 


3,221 


2,390 


1,608 


1,064 


642 


341 


188 


100 


100 


13,097 



TABLE No. 8-NN — CITIES UNDER 25,000 
American and Foreign Combined 











F 


ANK IN 


Family 








No. of 


Last Grade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


Sth 


9th 


10th + 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under .... 
5th 


5.0 

6.8 

19.1 

21.4 

25.3 

13.0 

6.7 

1.9 

.8 


5.3 

6.2 

16.1 

22.3 

28.3 

12.0 

6.2 

2.2 

l!4 


5.2 

5.4 

17.5 

23.4 

28.4 

12.2 

5.8 

1.4 

.7 


4.3 

5.0 

18.9 

23.4 

27.3 

11.4 

6.0 

2.4 

1.3 


5.7 

6.7 

16.5 

23.5 

25.6 

13.1 

6.7 

1.5 

.7 


4.5 

8.5 

18.5 

21.4 

31.8 

7.2 

5.8 

1.6 

.7 


5.2 

4.7 

21.7 

25.9 

27.5 

9.3 

4.7 

.5 

.5 


2.3 
6.9 
20.7 
34.5 
23.0 
10.3 
2.3 


7.3 

7.3 

25.4 

23.6 

29.1 

5.5 

1.8 


7.4 

3.7 

27.2 

22.2 

27.2 

8.6 

3.7 


346 
422 


6th 

7.th 

8th 

1st h'Sih school. . 
2d 


1,231 

1,548 

1,857 

813 

415 


3d 


126 


4th 


65 


Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


1,850 


1,689 


1,161 


817 


582 


308 


193 


87 


55 


81 


6,823 



TABLE No. 8-00 — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 
American and Foreign Combined 











Rank in 


Family 








No. of 


Last Grade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


Sth 


9th 


10th + 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under. . . . 
tth 


5.6 

7.5 

16.7 

.21.9 

.27.5 

11.1 

6.3 

1.8 

1.6 


6.5 

6.0 

14.6 

-22.5 

29.5 

11.9 

6.5 

1.3 

1.2 


4.4 

5.5 

18.8 

21.2 

28.8 

13.0 

5.8 

1.5 

1.0 


6.5 

5.9 

20.3 

22.5 

26.8 

9.7 

5.7 

2.2 

A 


3.7 

5.4 

17.9 

28.6 

27.9 

9.4 

4.4 

2.0 

.7 


2.4 

7.7 

20.8 

22.6 

28.0 

8.3 

6.0 

1.8 

2.4 


4.4 

6.6 

24.2 

22.0 

23.0 

11.0 

5.5 

1.1 

2.2 


2.9 

2.9 
17.7 
26.5 
29.4 

7.4 
10.3 

2.9 


5.4 
13.5 
27.1 
16.2 
24.3 
5.4 
8.1 


6.7 
10.0 

6.7 
33.3 
40.0 

3.3 


209 
249 


6th 


682 


7th 


885 


Sth 

1st high school. . 

2d 

3d 

4th 


1,100 

431 

235 

65 

45 






Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


998 


994 


725 


493 


297 


168 


91 


68 


37 


30 


3 901 







* Boys coming from families of only one child omitted 

10 



290 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Rank in Family 

TABLE No. 8-PP — PLACES UNDER 5,000 

American and Foreign Combined 



i 











Rank in 


Familt: 










No. of 


Last Grade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th + 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under. . . . 

5th 

6th 

7th 


4.4 

5.9 

17.3 

22.9 

26.2 

11.2 

7.7 

1.9 

2.5 


4.1 

6.4 

17.6 

24.2 

27.0 

10.7 

6.1 

2.0 

1.9 


4.2 

5.7 

17.4 

23.8 

27.4 

12.1 

5.8 

1.8 

1.8 


3.6 

7.7 

16.8 

26.6 

27.8 

8.8 

5.1 

1.4 

2.2 


6.9 

6.3 

18.1 

24.1 

25.8 

11.7 

4.2 

1.7 

1.2 


3.9 

6.9 

22.6 

25.1 

26.7 

7.1 

4.9 

1.5 

1.3 


4.0 

8.0 

20.4 

26.5 

25.8 

8.9 

4.0 

.6 

1.8 


2.7 

9.8 

20.2 

27.4 

27.4 

8.1 

2.2 

1.1 

1.1 


3.8 

8.5 

20.8 

29.1 

24.6 

7.5 

5.7 


5.7 

9.4 

20.8 

23.5 

28.4 

8.5 

2.8 

.9 


480 

715 

1,970 

2,676 


8th 

1st high school. . 

2d 

3d 

4th 


2,947 

1,174 

659 

199 

209 


Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


2,856 


2,806 


1,944 


1,273 


897 


529 


326 


186 


106 


106 


11,029 







TABLE No. 8-QQ — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with Two American Parents 











R 


ANK IN 


F.WIILT! 










No. of 


Last Grade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th + 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under .... 

5th 

6th 


4.5 

1.6 

6.8 

20.9 

42.9 

12.2 

7.0 

3.0 

1.1 


5.8 
2.2 
6.5 
22.7 
42.7 
9.8 
6.9 
2.2 
1.2 


3.7 

1.8 

6.6 

26.2 

46.0 

8.5 

5.7 

.9 

.6 


2.7 

3.0 

6.5 

24.1 

45.9 

8.7 

4.8 

3.4 

.9 


1.2 
1.2 
8.1 
28.9 
43.9 
9.4 
4.5 
1.2 
1.6 


1.4 

2.9 
6.5 
.30.2 
45.3 
7.9 
2.9 
2.9 


1.6 

2.9 

14.7 

23.6 

41.2 

8.8 

4.4 

2.9 


■4.3 

34.9 

52.2 

4.3 

4.3 


11.1 

5.5 

11.1 

11.1 

44.7 

5.5 

6.5 

5.6 


i6!6 

45.0 

30 

5.0 

10.0 


163 

79 
270 


7th 

8th 

1st high school. . 
2d 


927 

1,713 

391 

240 


3d 

4th 


91 
39 






Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


1,162 


1,131 


669 


437 


246 


139 


68 


23 


18 


20 


3,913 







TABLE No. 8-RR— GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with One American Parent 











Rank in 


Family 












No. of 


Last Gkade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9 th 


10th + 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under. . . . 
5th 


4.8 

1.9 

5.7 

20.2 

45.8 

11.4 

6.3 

2.7 

1.2 


3.4 

3.0 

6.9 

26.4 

42.8 

9.3 

7.0 

1.8 

.4 


6.6 
1.7 
6.2 
19.5 
45.9 
9.3 
6.1 
3.8 
1.0 


3.4 

2.2 

6.2 

17.0 

52.0 

13.5 

5.1 

.6 


4.4 

1.8 

6.2 

25.7 

49.6 

2.6 

4.4 

4.4 

.9 


6.8 

3.4 

13.5 

20.4 

35.6 

13.5 

3.4 

1.7 

1.7 


9.4 
3.1 
3.1 
22.0 
50.0 
6.2 
6.2 


'5.3 
10.5 

42.1 
42.1 


9.1 

63!6 
9.1 
9.1 


i2 

50 
37 


5 

6 

5 


75 
39 


6th. 


101 


7th 


359 


8th 


742 


1st high school. . 
2d 


160 
98 


3d 


39 


4th 


13 








Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


475 


440 


292 


177 


113 


59 


32 


19 


11 


8 


1,626 











* Boys coming from families of only one child omitted. 



Our Boys 



291 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Em ployed Boys 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Rink in Family 
TABLE No. 8-SS — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with Two Foreign Parents 











R 


.\NK IN 


Family 










No. of 


Last Grade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th + 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under. . . . 
5th 


4.9 
1.6 
6.3 
21.4 
48.5 
8.2 
5.5 
2.5 
1.1 


4.5 

1.8 

7.0 

23.9 

47.7 

7.5 

5.1 

1.8 

.7 


4.8 

2.5 

7.2 

22.3 

48.5 

6.8 

5.0 

2.0 

.9 


5.0 

1.7 

5.2 

22.6 

48.1 

8.2 

6.0 

2.6 

.6 


5.4 

2.2 

6.7 

19.4 

46.9 

8.9 

7.5 

2.2 

.8 


6.1 

1.1 

5.0 

27.0 

46.4 

5.8 

5.8 

2.0 

.8 


2.3 

1.1 

6.8 

21.6 

42.1 

12.5 

10.2 

2.8 

.6 


3.5 

2.4 

2.4 

27.4 

40.5 

14.3 

4.8 

3.5 

1.2 


3.7 

7.4 

3.7 

18.5 

40.8 

18.5 

3.7 

3.7 


10.3 

'6.9 
20.7 
38.0 
17.3 
3.4 
3.4 


336 
133 


6th 


450 


7th 


1,572 


8th 


3,322 


Ist high school. . 

2d 

3d 

4th 


555 
395 
155 

58 






Total per cent. , 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


1,572 


1,747 


1,428 


924 


629 


360 


176 


84 


27 


29 


6,976 







TABLE No. 8-TT — GREATER NEW YORK 
Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 











R 


ANK IN 


Family 












No. of 


Last Gr.4.de 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


2d 


4th 


5th 


6 th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th+ 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under .... 
5th 


5.8 

6.1 

9.5 

27.0 

39.6 

6.3 

3.7 

2.2 

.8 


6.9 

4.8 

13.1 

21.5 

41.1 

5.8 

4.8 

1.0 

1.0 


5.7 

5.3 

11.1 

30.4 

37.1 

5.7 

2.8 

1.4 

.5 


6.0 

3.7 

13.2 

26.7 

33.5 

8.0 

6.6 

1.7 

.6 


6.2 

5.4 

11.2 

22.8 

42.8 

5.4 

2.5 

1.6 

2.1 


6.3 
6.3 
6.3 
21.3 
40.2 
9.5 
6.3 
2.3 
1.5 


3.6 

i7'.8 
21.4 
41.1 
10.7 
1.8 
3.6 


4.3 

34!8 
43.5 
6.5 
4.3 
2.2 
2.2 
2.2 


36 
54 

'9 


.3 
6 

i 


i4!3 
14.3 
28.6 
28.5 
14.3 


198 
157 


6th 


379 


7th 


841 


8th 


1 , 267 


1st high school. . 

2d 

3d 


209 

135. 

57 


4th 


30 








Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


1,020 


856 


560 


349 


241 


127 


56 


46 


11 


7 


3,273 







TABLE No. 8-UU — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys with Two American Parents 











Rank in 


Famil-j 










No. of 


Last Grade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th+ 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under .... 

6th 

6th 


5.0 

2.2 

11.1 

17.8 

33.2 

14.3 

11.2 

3.2 

2.0 


5.3 

1.9 

10.5 

21.1 

33.8 

14.6 

8.4 

3.1 

1.3 


4.3 

3.7 

11.9 

22.4 

32.6 

14.1 

8.2 

1.8 

1.0 


5.3 

4.3 

13.4 

24.7 

30.6 

12.7 

6.5 

2.4 

.1 


5.0 

4.8 

16.5 

24.6 

29.4 

9.1 

6.8 

3.0 

.8 


4.1 

2.1 

12.9 

28.2 
34.0 
12.1 

3.7 
.8 

2.1 


6.1 

6.9 

13.0 

21.4 

38.2 

7.6 

4.6 

1.5 

.7 


3.0 
4.5 
19.7 
18.2 
31.9 
19.7 
3.0 


3.3 

6.6 

23.4 

33.3 

33.4 


5.0 

7.5 

17.5 

30,0 

27.5 

5.0 

5.0 

'2.5 


288 
174 
700 


7th 


1,246 


8th 

Ist high school. . 

2d 

3d 

4th 


1,904 
783 
490 
153 

75 






Total per cent . . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


1,644 


1,549 


1,061 


656 


395 


241 


131 


66 


30 


40 


5,813 







* Boys coining from families of only one child omitted. 



292 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Em'ployed Boys 

Correlation Between Last Grade Completed and Rank in Family 

TABLE No. 8-W — CITIES OVER 25,000 

American Boys with One Amei'ican Parent 











Rank in 


Faiiilt 








No. of 


Last Grade 

Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


9th 


10th + 


carda 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under 

5th 


2.5 

2.8 

11.1 

18.1 

36.0 

15.6 

10.3 

1.9 

1.7 


2.2 

2.6 

15.3 

22.1 

28.4 

15.5 

7.7 

4.3 

1.9 


2.3 

2.5 

13.1 

18.5 

37.7 

14.1 

7.3 

2.9 

1.6 


2.4 

1.9 

17.4 

24.3 

32.5 

11.7 

6.8 

1.5 

1.5 


4.0 

2.6 

12.5 

21.0 

34.2 

15.8 

6.6 

2.0 

1.3 


1.3 
2.5 
16.7 
21.8 
34.6 
15.4 
7.7 


■2!7 
24.3 
13.5 
29.7 
21.7 
5.4 

'2!7 


is.b 

17.4 

21.8 

34.9 

4.3 

4.3 

'4'.3 


i6'.7 
41.6 
25.0 
16.7 


ii!7 

35.3 

35.3 

11.7 

6.0 


40 
46 


6th 


243 


7th.. 


356 


8th 


582 


1st high school. . 
2d 


256 
138 


3d 


42 


4th 


,28 






Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


475 


418 


313 


206 


152 


78 


37 


23 


12 


17 


1,731 







TABLE No. 8- WW — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys luitli Two Foreign Parents 











Rank in 


Family 








No. of 


Last Gbade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


Sth 


9th 


10th + 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under 

5th 

6th 


3.6 

4.0 

20.5 

25.4 

29.6 

9.4 

4.5 

1.7 

1.3 


3.4 

4.3 

21.0 

26.6 

30.0 

8.5 

3.6 

1.3 

1.3 


3.2 

3.4 

18.1 

27.5 

31.4 

10.3 

4.4 

1.2 

.5 


3.0 

3.9 

17.8 

23.7 

33.5 

10.6 

5.5 

1.5 

.5 


3.2 

4.8 

16.6 

28.8 

31.9 

7.8 

5.5 

.9 

.5 


3.4 

4.4 

15.5 

21.3 

34.8 

9.5 

7.3 

2.3 

1.5 


1.3 

4.1 

12.3 

30.8 

30.8 

10.5 

6.1 

4.1 


19.0 
27.4 
35.6 
13.2 
1.2 


33.3 

31.0 

20.0 

6.7 

2.3 


'7'.7 
25.6 
38.4 
20.5 

■2.6 
5.2 


121 
162 
746 


7th 

8th 


1,044 
1,253 


Isthigh school. . 
2d 


380 
187 


3d 


59 


4-th 


36 






Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


769 


836 


762 


598 


436 


273 


146 


84 1 


45 


39 


3,988 







TABLE No. 8-XX — CITIES OVER 25,C 
Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 











Rank in 


Family 








No. of 


Last Gbade 
Completed 


Oldest* 


2d 


3d 


4 th 


5th 


6th 


7th 


Sth : 


9th 


10th 4^ 


cards 
tabu- 
lated 


4th or under 

5th 


6.1 

8.7 

28.1 

24.2 

22.9 

6.1 

2.9 

.3 

.7 


5.7 

10.8 

26.8 

20.8 

24.0 

8.6 

3.1 

2 


9.4 

11.8 

22 1 

22^5 

24.0 

6.7 

2.3 

.8 

.4 


5.2 

14.2 

22.3 

21.7 

25.0 

5.6 

3.4 

1.3 

1.3 


3.7 

9.9 

23.5 

18.5 

30.9 

9.9 

2.4 

1.2 


6.0 

22.0 

26.0 

14.0 

18.0 

8.0 

4.0 

2.0 


11.1 

7.4 
22.2 
18.6 
22.2 
11.1 
3.7 
3.7 


6.6 
20.0 
13.4 
26.8 • 
13.4 
6.6 
6.6 

'g.q 


15.4 
7.7 
15.4 
23.0 
30.8 
7.7 


25!6 

25 '.6 
25.0 

25.6 


102 
170 


Qth 


399 


7th 


345 


Sih 


372 


1st high school. . 
2d 


112 

47 


3d 


10 


4th 


8 






Total per cent. . 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 




Total 


555 


418 


254 


148 


81 


50 


27 


15 ; 


13 


4 


1,565 







* Boys coming from families of only om child omitted. 



OuB Boys 



293 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Beys 

Reasons for Leaving School 

TABLE No. 9-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 



Wanted 

to 

work 


Financial 


Gradu- 
ated 


Dis- 
liked 
school 


Miscel- 
laneous 


Sick 


Total 
per 
cent 


67.0 


11.9 


5.7 


11.9 


1.7 


1.8 


100.0 


78.4 


10.4 


1.2 


7.6 


1.6 


.8 


100.0 


59.9 


16.3 


3.7 


15.6 


2.8 


1.7 


100.0 


63.3 


20.3 


2.3 


9.4 


1.5 


3.2 


100.0 


69.0 


9.9 


11.4 


8.1 


.3 


1.3 


100.0 


60.3 


11.2 


12.6 


10.6 


l.S 


3.5 


100.0 


48.2 


28.8 


2.6 


18.3 


.7 


1.4 


100.0 


79.0 


8.2 


4.7 


5.4 


1.2 


1.5 


100.0 


74.6 


10.2 


2.7 


11.0 


.7 


.8 


100.0 


81.7 


4.1 


8.2 


5.1 


2 


.7 


100.0 


68.1 


13.5 


2.1 


13.9 


.3 


2.1 


100.0 


56.9 


16.2 


.6 


20.3 


3.0 


3.0 


100.0 


67.4 


6.0 


19.5 


6.9 




.2 


100.0 


73.0 


9.2 


2.5 


11.9 


2.2 


1.2 


100.0 


56.0 


13.9 


15.7 


9.1 


3.5 


1.8 


100.0 


52.0 


23.6 


3.5 


17.7 


1.4 


1.8 


100.0 


67.2 


11.0 


5.2 


14.6 


2 


1.8 


100.0 


63.3 


15.7 


5.0 


13.3 


.3 


2.4 


100.0 


60.0 


21.5 


2.7 


10.9 


2.7 


2.2 


100.0 


78.0 


3.6 


2.6 


11.2 


.2 


4.4 


100.0 


69.4 


5.3 


17.2 


7.9 




2 


100.0 


51.0 


10.8 


30.8 


3.3 


3.2 


.9 


100.0 



Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 



Albany 

Amsterdam. . 

Auburn 

Bingham ton . 
Buffalo 

Elmira 

Jamestown . . 
Kingston .... 
Newburgh. . . 
New Rochelle 

Niagara Falls 

Oswego 

Mt. Vernon. . 
Poughkeepsie, 
Rochester . . . 

Schenectady . 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown . . 

Yonkers 

New York. . . 



2,542 
810 
829 

1,356 
11,257 

971 
838 
553 
857 
700 

760 

1,147 
546 
698 

6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 

124,795 



TABLE No. 9-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canaudaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland .... 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove. . . 

Glens Falls... 
Gloversville . . 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 

Johnstown . . . 
Lackawanna . 
Little Falls. . 
Lockport. . . 
Mechaiiicville 

Middle town. . 
No. Tonawi 
Norwich. . . . 
Ogdensburg 
Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta. . . . 
Plattsburg. . 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer . . 



44.9 
58.8 
72.1 
59.2 
63.2 

SO.O 
37.8 
79.0 
53.8 
86.3 

53.1 
55.5 
65.7 
66.5 
60.5 

55.4 
66.4 
67.6 
64.3 
41.5 

43.0 
53.3 
51.6 
82.4 
54.4 

79.2 
68.7 
75.5 
62.9 
70.0 



40.6 
17.8 
13.6 
15.2 
13.0 

10.0 

34.0 

9.8 

9.4 

1.7 

16.2 
21.4 
11.2 
20.1 
16.7 

18.5 
11.2 
11.1 
18.1 
38.7 

29.3 
30.2 
20.9 
6.5 
26.0 

6.4 
19.4 

7.6 
28.4 

6.8 



11.7 
18.3 
6.8 
21.7 
15.3 

6.6 
23.2 

8.7 
27.8 



22.6 
18.2 
18.3 
8.5 
15.0 

17.2 
18.4 
16.9 
9.7 
15.8 

22.8 
11.8 
20.9 
9.1 
13.5 

12.0 
8.2 

14.4 
4.3 
8.4 



4.7 

.5 

3.5 



1.4 

.4 

1.2 

1.1 



.7 
1.6 
1.0 

.4 

.8 

2.2 

.7 



2.1 
3.3 
1.4 
.7 
2.5 

3.4 
2.7 
1.0 
3.3 
1.7 

1.2 
2.8 
1.3 
3.1 
5.0 

2.6 

.4 

1.3 

3.8 



1.3 
3.3 

1.6 
1.2 
1.9 
2.5 
3.8 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 

414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



294 



OuB Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Reasons for Leaving School 

TABLE No. 9-B —CITIES IJNEER 25,C00 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 


Wanted 

to 

work 


Financial 


Gradu- 
ated 


Dis- 
liked 
school 


Miscel- 
laneous 


Sick 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 




81.6 
63.3 
80.8 
52.4 
68.7 

72.8 


2.9 
20.6 

8.7 
16.7 
17.3 

7.2 


1.3 
2.7 
2.9 
3.1 
2.7 

7.6 


11.6 
10.7 

4.0 
25.9 

8.6 

10.8 


' "i'.3 
" ".3 

.8 


2.6 
2.7 
2.3 
1.9 
2.4 

.8 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 




189 


Saratoga Springs 


289 
230 
393 


Watervliet 


White Plains 


45 5 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 

Freeport 

Hastings 

Haverstraw 

Hempstead 

Herkimer 

Hoosick Falls. . . 
Hudson Falls. ... 

Huntington 

Ilion 

Johnson City. . . . 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. ... 
Massena 

Medina 

Newark 

-No. Tarrytown. . 

3^yack 

Ossining 

Owego 

.Patchogue 

yeekskill 

Penn Yan 

Port Chester 

Port Washington. 
Rockville Center. 
^Saranac Lake . . . , 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay , 

Tarrytown 

Walden 

Waterf ord 

Waverly 

Wellsville 

Whitehall 



TABLE No. 9-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



90.3 




6.5 


3.2 






100.0 


66.6 


20.8 


4.3 


8.3 






100.0 


52.3 


33.9 


2.8 


9.2 




1.8 


100.0 


42.5 


38.8 


.9 


3.7 


10.4 


3.7 


100.0 


66.2 


14.5 




15.7 




3.6 


100.0 


61.1 


16.6 


2.8 


13.9 


2.8 


2.8 


100.0 


78.0 


1.4 


11.0 


9.6 






100.0 


83.0 


4.0 


3.0 


6.0 




4.0 


100.0 


95.2 


2.4 




2.4 






100.0 


48.3 


31.2 


1.1 


13.4 


2.7 


3.3 


100.0 


55.9 


29.3 


1.3 


12.2 




1.3 


100.0 


54.1 


38.7 


1.0 


2.1 




4.1 


100.0 


68.0 


6.4 


.9 


21.1 


1.8 


1.8 


100.0 


51.5 


15.8 


6.7 


22.7 




3.3 


100.0 


83.1 


7.0 


2.9 


2.9 




4.1 


100.0 


72.4 


3.7 


1.5 


20.9 


1.5 




100.0 


92.5 




2.5 


2.5 


2.5 




100.0 


82.7 


5.8 


1.4 


6.7 


.7 


3.7 


100.0 


81.0 


7.0 


6.0 


6.0 






100.0 


67.3 


2.0 


4.2 


22.4 




4.1 


100.0 


82.3 


7.1 


1.2 


9.4 






100.0 


68.0 


18.0 


2.8 


5.6 


2.8 


2.8 


100.0 


90.7 


3.1 


2.3 


3.9 






100.0 


55.7 


20.3 


3.5 


15.2 


.9 


4.4 


100.0 


78.5 


13.3 


2.5 


3.8 




1.9 


100.0 


70.0 


10.0 


5.0 






15.0 


100.0 


88.4 


2.1 


4.2 


4.2 




1.1 


100.0 


76.2 


10.0 


2.1 


9.6 




2.1 


100.0 


80.9 


3.8 




3.8 




11.5 


100.0 


14.9 


64.2 


2.3 


3.3 


.7 


14.6 


100.0 


92.4 


2.6 


3.8 


1.2 






100.0 


72.1 


1.9 


7.4 


16.7 




1.9 


100.0 


65.3 


4.1 


2.0 


20.4 




8.2 


100.0 


59.1 


12.7 




16.9 


9.9 


1.4 


100.0 


76.8 


4.9 


2.4 


14.7 




1.2 


100.0 


85.9 


5.7 


5.7 


2.7 






100.0 


70.0 


7.8 




20.0 




2.2 


100.0 


78.7 


7.9 




11.2 


1.1 


1.1 


100.0 


80.0 


11.0 




5.5 




3.5 


100.0 


65.2 


6.8 


4.5 


22.4 




1.1 


100.0 


52.5 


18.3 


2.6 


23.2 


.8 


2.6 


100.0 



Our Boys 



295 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boj-i 

Kind of School Last Attended 

TABLE No. 10-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 




School 




Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Public 


Parochial 


Private 


Voca- 
tional 




81.6 
70.8 
79.7 
88.4 
78.5 

80.2 
88.4 
83.6 
84.8 
91.5 

88.8 
90.8 
94.6 
90.3 

75.7 

91.7 
91.2 
75.3 
86.8 
99.6 

82.6 

89.3 


12.5 
19.8 
16.6 
8.2 
13.7 

7.3 
8.5 
11.7 
0.8 
5.7 

7.5 
7.8 
2.7 
7.7 
13.2 

5.9 

7.4 

15.8 

7.0 

.4 

12.5 

6.3 


1.9 
3.4 
3.3 
2.9 
2.1 

1.7 
2.6 

4.7 

7.7 
2.7 

3.5 
1.3 
2.7 
1.5 
2.5 

2.0 
1.0 
4.1 
2.0 

4.4 
2.5 


4.0 

6.0 

.4 

.5 

5.7 

10.8 
0.5 

■ 6.7 
.1 

.2 
.1 

'.5 

8.6 

.4 

.4 

4.8 

4.2 

.5 

1.9 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


2,542 


Amsterdam 


810 




820 




1,356 


Buffalo 


11,257 




971 




838 


Kingston 


553 




857 




700 


New Rochelle 


760 




1,147 




546 




698 




6,322 




1,821 


Syracuse 


3,874 


Troy 


1,658 


Utica 


2,241 


Watertown 


669 


Yonkers 


2,241 


New York* 


124,795 



TABLE No. 10-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland. . , 
Dunkirk. . . 

Fulton 

Geneva. . . . 
Glen Cove . 



Glens Falls., 
Gloversville . 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . . 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls.... 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . 



Middletown. . . . 
No. Tonawanda . 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Glean 



Oneida .... 
Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg . 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer . 



94.2 
92.1 
85.0 
57.4 
96.7 

97.2 
91.8 
99.0 
75.0 
94.8 

67.1 
96.5 
96.8 
88.5 
94.0 

99.4 
89.3 
90.1 
85.3 
77.8 

93.9 
84.4 
95.6 
76.4 
94.5 



4.3 


1.0 


.5 


6.1 


1.2 


.6 


13.6 




1.4 


39.0 


3.4 


.2 


2.0 


.3 


1.0 


.7 


1.4 


.7 


7.8 


.2 
1.0 


.2 


21.0 


2.9 


i.i 


4.3 




.9 


32.4 


.5 
3.5 




2.7 


.5 




8.5 


.6 


2.4 


3.3 


.6 


2.7 


8.6 


1.7 


.4 


7.8 


1.4 


.7 


10.5 


3.8 


.4 




5.3 


16.9 


3.0 


3.1 




14.4 


.8 


.4 




3.3 


1.1 


22.2 


1.4 




4.7 


.3 


.5 


.6 


■■■■i".2 


.6 


19.5 


3.1 
4.3 




20.6 


6.3 


.5 



100.0 
97.6 
77.4 
95.7 
73.2 

* Many boys in Greater New York answered elementary school and did not say whether public 
or parochial. 



100.0 


268 


100.0 


271 


100.0 


119 


100.0 


561 


100.0 


322 


100.0 


235 


100.0 


414 


100.0 


262 


100.0 


252 


100.0 


252 


100.0 


322 


100.0 


536 


100.0 


319 


100.0 


247 


100.0 


243 


100.0 


242 


100.0 


412 


100.0 


282 


100.0 


422 


100.0 


179 


100.0 


415 


100.0 


338 


100.0 


153 


100.0 


325 


100.0 


425 


100.0 


244 


100.0 


243 


100.0 


205 


100.0 


211 


100.0 


209 



296 



OuK Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Kind of School Last Attended 

TABLE No. 10-B— CITIE3 UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 


School 


Total 
IDer 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Public 


Parochial 


Private 


Voca- 
tional 


Rome 

Salamanca 

Saratoga Springs 

Tonawanda 

Watervliet 

White Plains 


93.2 
87.3 
84.9 
96.9 
79.8 

89.6 


5.0 

12.7 

3.5 

2.5 

10.3 

7.6 


1.8 

i'.i 

.6 

6.8 

2.4 


"s'.i 

.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 
189 
289 
230 
393 

457 



TABLE No 

VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott. 

Fredonia 

Freeport 

Hastings 

Haverstraw 

Hempstead 

Herkimer 

Hoo&ick Falls 

Hudson Falls 

Huntington 

Ilion 

Johnson City 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Malone 

Mamaroneck 

Massena 

Medina 

Newark 

North Tarry town 

Nyack 

Ossining 

O wego 

Patchogue 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan 

Port Chester 

Port Washington 

Rockville Center 

Saranac Lake 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 

Tarrytown 

Walden 

Waterf ord 

Waverly 

WellsviUe 

Whitehall 



10-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



93.6 
70.8 
81.7 
99.1 
98.8 

98.9 
86.2 
65.0 
97.6 
90.9 



67.2 
95.0 
90.4 
97.0 
89.9 

89.3 
100.0 
91.3 
83.1 
95.0 

95.0 
93.7 
93.3 
92.3 
97.5 

97.5 
90.8 
89.8 
91.6 

98.8 

97.2 
97.8 
78.7 
100.0 
92.2 

87.9 



3.2 
11.1 
18.3 



1.1 

5.5 

24.0 

2.4 
2.7 

29.3 



32.1 
2.5 
8.2 
2.0 
2.0 

7.1 



4.4 



1.1 
5.1 

7.7 
1.9 



8.4 



1.1 
11.3 



5.6 

2.6 



3.2 
18.1 



.9 
1.2 



2.8 
11.0 



2.1 

4.0 
1.0 
3.6 
1.9 



.7 
2.5 
1.4 
1.0 
7.1 



1.6 

5.4 

.6 

5.0 
4.1 
1.6 



2.5 

7.4 

10.2 



2.8 
1.1 

7.8 



5.5 



3.1 
I'.i 



1.0 
1.2 
i'.Q 



1.2 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



OuB Boys 



297 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Emplotjed Boys 

Shop^Work Done in School 

TABLE No. 11-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 





Shop Work 




Total 
per 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 








No 


Wood 


Miscel- 


cent 


ployed 


training 


working 


laneous 




boys 


73.5 


23.6 


2.9 


100.0 


2,542 


64.6 


34.6 


.8 


100.0 


810 


64.6 


33.4 


2.0 


100.0 


829 


65.7 


31.9 


2.4 


100.0 


1,356 


46.2 


45.4 


8.4 


100.0 


11,257 


66.3 


21.2 


12.5 


100.0 


971 


39.8 


57.5 


2.7 


100.0 


838 


90.5 


7.2 


2.3 


100.0 


553 


30.1 


46.7 


23.2 


100.0 


857 


44.5 


53.5 


2.0 


100.0 


700 


23.6 


75.7 


.7 


100.0 


760 


63.3 


33.7 


3.0 


100.0 


1,147 


71.0 


27.0 


2.0 


100.0 


546 


92.0 


6.0 


2.0 


100.0 


698 


58.7 


27.1 


14.2 


100.0 


6,322 


51.8 


46.8 


1.4 


100.0 


1,821 


47.6 


51.1 


1.3 


100.0 


3,874 


67.8 


26.3 


5.9 


100.0 


1,658 


54.3 


43.0 


2.7 


100.0 


2,241 


97.8 


2.2 




100.0 


669 


27.8 


65.4 


6.8 


100.0 


2,241 


39.2 


54.6 


6.2 


100.0 


124,795 



Albany 

Amsterdam. . , 

Auburn 

Binghamton. . 
Buflalo 

Elmira 

.Jamestown . , . 

ICingston 

Mt. Vernon.. 
Newburgh . . . . 

New Rochelle 
Niagara Falls, 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie . 
Rochester . . . , 

Schenectady . . 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown . . 

Yonkers 

New York ... 



TABLE No. 11-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland. . 
Dunkirk . . 

Fulton 

Geneva. . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls. 
Gloversville . 
Horrell .... 
Hudson. . . . 
Ithaca 



.Johnstown .... 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls. . . 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . 



Middletown 

North Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Glean 



Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsburg . 
Port Jervis . 
Rensselaer. 



78.6 


18.7 


2.7 


100.0 


94.4 


4.4 


1.2 


100.0 


58.5 


39.4 


2.1 


100.0 


97.5 


2.0 


.5 


100.0 


81.6 


16.7 


1.7 


100.0 


71.9 


26.6 


1.5 


100.0 


66.4 


32.9 


.7 


100.0 


60.8 


38.7 


.5 


100.0 


86.6 


10.5 


2.9 


100.0 


12.8 


86.3 


.9 


100.0 


58.9 


40.4 


.7 


100.0 


46.7 


52.5 


.8 


100.0 


45.5 


53.5 


1.0 


100.0 


71.3 


28.1 


.6 


100.0 


62.7 


36.6 


.7 


100.0 


82.2 


15.9 


1.9 


100.0 


39.8 


58.8 


1.4 


100.0 


74.1 


25.4 


.5 


100.0 


63.0 


34.0 


3.0 


100.0 


52.6 


40.1 


7.3 


100.0 


50.9 


47.9 


1.2 


100.0 


53.7 


45.8 


.5 


100.0 


97.9 


1.1 


1.0 


100.0 


96.6 




3.4 


100.0 


33.5 


62.2 


4.3 


100.0 


66.4 


.32.8 


.8 


100.0 


32.5 


67.5 




100.0 


94.9 


4.4 


.7 


100.0 


94.5 


1.2 


4.3 


100.0 


85.2 


4.2 


10.6 


100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 

282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
.325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



298 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Shop Work Done in School 

TABLE No. 11-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 ~ (Concluded) 







Shop Work 




Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


CITIES 


No 
training 


Wood 
working 


Miscel- 
laneous 




59.9 
99.2 
35.8 
37.0 
89.5 

47.2 


39.7 

.7 

56.1 

62.3 

1.8 

52.0 


.4 

.1 

8.1 

.7 
8.7 

.8 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 




189 


Saratoga Springs 


289 
230 




393 


White Plains 


457 



TABLE No. 11-C- 
VILLAGES 



VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 


90.3 
90.2 
92.6 
92.9 
80.7 

44.4 
17.7 
90.0 
29.2 
80.1 

95.8 
31.6 
31.1 
71.3 
81.9 

75.3 
27.5 
89.5 
94.0 
90.8 

96.4 
65.2 
46.1 
91.9 
67.7 

60.0 

95.6 

72.4 

100.0 

3.6 

90.0 
29.7 
85.8 
98.6 
25.6 

42.9 
87.8 
61.8 
68.0 
69.7 

91.3 


6.5 
1.4 
6.4 
4.2 
19.3 

65.6 
79.5 
1.0 
65.9 
18.3 

1.3 
60.2 
68.0 
27.4 
18.0 

24.6 

70.0 

7.4 

6.0 

1.0 

1.2 
33.3 
52.3 

3.5 
31.0 

40.0 
1.1 

27.6 

""qqA 

10.0 

68.5 

2.0 

1.4 

74.4 

54.3 

8.9 
37.1 
42.0 
29.4 

.9 


3.2 
8.4 
1.0 
2.9 

2'.8 

9.0 
4.9 
1.6 

2.9 
8.2 

.9 
1.3 

.1 

■ .1 
2.5 
3.1 

8^2 

2.4 
1.5 
1.6 
4.6 
1.3 

3.3 

'.3 

i'.k 

12.2 

2.8 
3.3 
1.1 

.9 

7.8 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


165 

96 

148 

164 


Fredonia 


95 
204 




155 




120 




140 




249 




120 




108 




62 




215 




153 


Lancaster 


134 




28 




163 


Mamaroneck 


153 




111 




128 




136 




90 




72 




217 




72 




107 


Peekskill 


292 




72 




388 




56 




137 




109 




147 




157 


Tarrytown 


85 




144 


Waterf ord 


68 




116 


Wellsville 


73 


Whitehall , . .... 


118 







Our Boys 



29t 



Sixteen, Seventeen ani Eighteen Year Old Emplo'jed Boys 

Best Liked Study 

Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Best Liked Studyf 

TABLE No. 12-F — GREATER NEW YORK 

American Boys with Two American Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 




1 




.S 


.S 

Q. 


C8 


>> 

s 
6 


c 
1 
Q 


is S 

o 
O 


a •" 

1 

3 


a 

d 

> 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber 6" 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


38.3 
38.5 
32.1 
35.2 
35.7 
38.5 
32.2 
35.4 


13.8 
14.0 
10.1 
12.4 
15.9 
17.7 
17.3 
10.4 


10.6 
18.3 
27.7 
27.9 
15.7 
9.2 
14.8 
10.4 


3.2 
1.6 
3.1 
3.0 
2.2 
2.8 
2.6 
4.2 


13.8 
14.0 
10.3 
6.5 
2.9 
1.1 


'".2 
A 
4.9 
5.3 
9.6 

16.7 


12.8 
12.0 
14.0 
8.8 
6.7 
5.3 
.9 


4 3 
1.0 
1.3 
2.2 
4.5 
7.8 
4.3 
10.4 


":8 
3.4 
4.6 
9.6 
4.2 


3.2 
.6 
1.2 
2.8 
7.2 
5.6 
6.1 
6.2 


"!9 
2.1 
2.6 
2.1 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


94i 


6th 


301 


7th 

8th 


1,033 
1,990 


let high school 

2d 


446. 

283 


3d 

4th 


115 
48 






Total 


1,504 


551 


1,025 


122 


306 


67 


414 


118 


57 


132 


14 




4,310;> 



TABLE No. 12-G — GREATER NEW YORK 
Am'irican Bjys with One American Parent 



Last Grade 
Completed 


.2 

1 
la 


-a 

■3) 

a 


.2 

w 


■a 

3 

a 
a 


60 

a 
3 


s 




C 


If 

o 
o 


1 

3 


> 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber off 
cards 
tabu- 
lated; 


5th 


35.0 
36.9 
36.6 
36.7 
41.5 
29.7 
41.9 
33.4 


10.0 
6.3 
8.2 
11.8 
10.9 
14.5 
11.8 
20.0 


17.5 
18.0 
25.9 
26.7 
18.9 
19.8 
9.3 
13.4 


7.5 
3.6 
1.6 
2.9 
3.5 
2.7 


10.0 
18.0 
10.0 
4.9 
3.5 
.9 


"a 

4.5 
11.7 

9.3 
13.4 


15.0 
13.6 
12.9 
10.1 
4.1 
6.3 
2.3 


5.0 
2.7 
1.6 
1.9 
4.5 
1.8 
9.3 
6.6 




"^9 
3.2 
3.8 
3.5 
3.6 
6.9 
6.6 


".6 
2.7 
2.3 
6.6 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
109.0 
1)0.0 
100.0 
100.0 


4C'- 


6th 

7th 


4 
6 
6 


8 
5 
3 
9 


111 
370 


8th 


806 


let high school 

2d 


174. 
HI 


3d 


43 


4th 1 


15. 








Total 


613 


179 


399 


45 


108 


31 


165 


42 


25 


57 


6 




1 , 67& 







TABLE No. 12-H — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 


i 


■s 

a 
(4 




M 

a 
'S 

a 
ca 

2 


1 
c 

CO 


1 

13 


o 
O 


1 


|g 

o 


S 

"5 ^ 

1 

3 


> 
•a 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


40.0 
37.8 
34.7 
38.5 
35.7 
36.5 
39,1 
31.0 


16.7 
14.2 
11.6 
13.9 
16.8 
13.7 
17.0 
18.8 


6.0 
21.3 
24.9 
24.8 
17.9 
14.8 

9.6 
18.8 


2.3 
1.8 
3.7 
3.7 
.3 
2.2 
3.5 
1.7 


13.7 
10.6 
10.4 
5.3 
.1 
.5 


"a 

7.8 
11.0 
12.2 

6.1 


15.3 
12.2 
12.7 
8.8 
4.7 
2.2 
1.2 
3.3 


2.3 
.8 
1.0 
1.7 
3.7 
3.4 
1.2 


'6.4 
5.6 
9.6 

10.2 


3.7 
1.3 
1.0 

2.9 
6.1 
7.6 
4.7 
6.8 


".5 
2.5 
1.9 
3.3 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


130 


6th 


44 & 


7th 


1 572 


8th 


3 356 


1st high school 

2d 


565 
394 


3d 


156 


4tb 


58 






Total 


2,504 


908 


1,508 


224 


415 


117 


595 


118 


74 


198 


18 




6,679 





300 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Em'ployed Boys' 

Best Liioed Study 

Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Best Liked Study 

TABLE No. 12-1 — GREATER NEW YORK 

Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grad3 
gomplbted 




1 


o 




a 
1 


1 

c 


>> 

8 
a 


'S 

a 

Q 


"3, S 

i 



g 

f 

3 


-3.2 

c 

> 
-0 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Sth 


50.6 
42.7 
37.5 
40.4 
38.1 
39.6 
43.4 
42.0 


16.5 
14.8 
11.1 
13.8 
17.8 
9.0 
10.0 
19.4 


12.7 
17.9 
25.3 
23.0 
13.1 
16.4 
11.7 
22.6 


"i.i 
3.2 
3.6 
2.9 
3.0 
1.7 
3.2 


4.4 
7.0 
6.7 
1.8 
.5 
.7 


2 
'.1 
9.2 
9.0 
13.2 
6.4 


13.9 
14.5 

12.7 
8.5 
3.9 
5.2 


1.3 
1.1 
1.3 
3.3 
2.9 
2.2 
3.3 


"^6 
6.3 
5.2 

10.0 
6.4 


.6 
.3 
2.0 
4.3 
4.3 
7.5 
1.7 


'i'.o 

2.2 
5.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


158 


6th 


358 


7th 


840 


Sth 


1,280 


1st high school 

2d 


207 
134 


3d 

4th 


60 
31 






Total 


1,236 


409 


654 


91 


113 


52 


305 


71 


36 


93 


8 




3,068 







TABLE No. 12-J — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys with Two Amsric^n Parents 



Last Geade 
Completed 


.a 


1 


b 

S 
.2 

M 




p. 




CS 


-a 
a, 




C 
1 

Q 


It 

a 




1 


-a. 

> 
-0 


1 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5ith 


45.8 
43.6 
42.3 
42.2 
41.7 
39.7 
45.9 
45.0 


9.1 
5.6 
6.1 
7.6 
10.7 
16.2 
10.5 
8.0 


7.3 
11.2 
17.9 
27.1 
22.5 
16.9 
11.6 
14.7 


1.1 
1.1 

.7 
1.2 
1.2 
2.0 
3.3 


12.4 

13.3 

12.2 

7.2 

3.2 

1.1 

.5 

2.2 


■".3 
2.6 
3.1 

2.2 
2.2 


20.9 

23.1 

18.9 

10.9 

4.4 

3.4 

1.1 


1.7 
1.6 
1.5 
2.4 
4.0 
5.8 
7.2 
2.2 


'2'.8 
6.2 
6.6 
5.7 


1.7 
.5 
.4 
1.1 
6.3 
4.7 
8.3 
10.0 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
30D.0 
103.0 
lUO.O 


177 


6th 


2 
10 


6 
9 

8 



734 


7th 


1,312 


8th 


2,053 


1st high school 

2d 


863 
551 


3d 

4th 


181 
89 








Total 


2,523 


500 


1,207 


72 


465 


52 


736 


165 


75 


141 


24 




5,960 











TABLE No. 12-K — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys with One American Parent 



Last Grade 

GoMPLBTEiD 


rQ 
1 


-a 
;=! 
c 


1 


'3 
c 


bO 
.S 


SO 
h3 


0, 

§ 



Q 






1 


-o. 

1 
< 


i 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


47.8 
45.7 
40.9 
40.3 
48.3 
45.6 
52.1 
41.9 


11.3 
6.6 

7.4 
6.1 
9.1 
13.7 
12.5 
12.9 


6.8 
9.9 
16.4 
,30.7 
26.5 
15.7 
18.8 
25.9 


'1^9 
1.1 
1.1 
1.3 

'3^2 


11.3 
13.2 
9.3 
7.5 
1.4 
1.9 
2.1 


'3.5 

4.1 


18.2 
23.0 
22.1 
12.4 
5.1 
2.7 


2.3 
1.2 
1.7 
1.3 
2.9 
4.8 


1.4 
6.1 
2.1 


2.3 

.4 

.3 

.6 

3.9 

4.1 

2.1 

6.5 




100. C 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


44 


6th 


6 
9 


■ 
3 

6 

2 
6 


243 


7th 


366 


Sth 


607 


1st high school 

2d 


276 
147 


3d 


48 


4th 


31 








Total 


764 


140 


386 


20 


124 


7 


239 


33 


14 


27 


8 




1,762 







Our Boys 



301 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Bo!/s 

Best Liked Study 

Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Best Liked Study 

TABLE No. 12-L — CITIES OVER 25,000 

American Borjs with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 



s 






bO 










21 


o 




S 




i 

J3 


J3 

To 


5 


C 


60 

1 


E° 


>> 

-a 


1 


'S.'S 

a 


eg 


■o.S 
a 


Total 
per 
cent 


S 


W 


W 


s 


k 


►J 


O 


Q 


6 




■a 




49.7 


7.5 


4.3 


.6 


8.7 




28.6 


.6 








100.0 


49.3 


7.4 


6.3 


1.0 


11.2 




24.2 


.5 




.1 






100.0 


41.8 


7.2 


14.9 


.9 


8.9 




24.7 


1.1 




.5 






100.0 


42.2 


6.9 


27.5 


.9 


5.9 




14.2 


1.4 




1.0 






100.0 


48.0 


9.4 


24.3 


1.1 


1.8 


1.3 


5.7 


2.4 


2.7 


3.3 






100.0 


49.4 


13.9 


12.2 


.6 


.6 


3.3 


3.9 


2.2 


5.0 


78 


1 


1 


100.0 


41.0 


9.9 


13.1 


4.9 


1.6 


4.9 




6.6 


4.9 


11.5 


1 


fi 


100.0 


31.1 


13.8 


13.8 


2.7 




8.3 




5.5 


8.3 


13.8 


2 


7 


100.0 


1,697 


296 


674 


38 


270 


17 


681 


52 


25 


57 




4 





Nom- 
berof 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 



5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

1st high school 

2d 

3d 

4th 

Total .... 



3,811 



TABLE No. 12-M — CITIES OVER 25,000 
Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 




1 

bO 

a 


o 

W 


bO 
C 

•g 

s 


1 
1 


ii 

►3 


S 
O 


bO 

a 
'$ 


s ■" 
a 

o 
O 


b i 

a 
B 


a 

11 

m 

$ 
•a 
•< 


Total 
per 

cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


48.7 
45.8 
39.8 
45.0 
46.0 
41.8 
22.2 
25.0 


13.9 

6.6 

6.2 

8.5 

10.1 

12.5 

33.4 

25.0 


2.6 
8.3 
14.7 
22.6 
19.4 
18.7 
22.2 
12.5 


1.9 
1.0 
2.1 
1.1 
.8 
2.1 


6.3 




24.0 
29.6 
26.8 
13.0 
5.9 
6.2 


1.3 
1.1 
2.1 
2.2 
1.7 

ii^i 


".5 
4.2 
6.2 
11.1 
12.5 


1.3 

'■:3 
1.0 
6.7 
4.2 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


158 


6th 


7 
8 
5 
2 


6 

8 
6 


2 
6 

12 


3 
6 

2 

5 


2 
12 


i 
k 


398 


7th 


339 


8th 


363 


1st high schoo} 

2d 


119 

48 


3d 


9 


4th 


8 






' 






Total 


636 


123 


203 


20 




)1 




8 


305 


25 


12 


17 




2 




1,442 



t302 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Least Liked Study '''^ ^'^ 



Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Least Liked Study 
TABLE No. 12-T — GREATER NEW YORK 

American Boys with Two American Parents 



'Last Grade 
'Completed 


.2 

a 
1 


J3 


1 


•a 

a 
1 


1 




1 


5 


3 1 

a •" 

a 




-2 3 

i 


S 

a 

I" 
> 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Mh 


28.4 
28.9 
27.0 
23.0 
23.1 
20.3 
23.0 
23.9 


29.6 
29.9 
39.8 
45.0 
32.5 
25.5 
21.2 
26.1 


1.1 
8.2 
7.1 
6.3 
6.1 
4.1 
6.2 
6.5 


'".3 
.5 

.2 
.7 
.4 

'2'. 2 


18.2 
9.2 
7.7 
4.6 
3.1 
1.8 


i'.o 
3.2 

16.9 
34.1 
42.5 
34.8 


19.3 

21.4 

14.5 

12.7 

6.8 

5.6 

.9 


1.1 
1.4 

.9 
2.2 
2.8 
1.1 

.9 
2.2 


"".1 

.7 
.4 


2.3 
.7 
1.5 
2.7 
6.8 
5.6 
4.4 
4.3 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


8S 


sgth 


1 


5 

1 
9 


294 


7th 


993 


•Sth 


1,899 


t!st high school 

2d 


425 
270 


:3d 


113 


4th 


46 








Total 


1,001 


1,607 


263 


15 


225 


299 


509 


74 


7 


122 


6 




4,128 








1 



TABLE No. 12-U — GREATER NEW YORK 

American Boys with One American Parent 



Last Grade 
Completed 


1 


bD 

a 


1 


S 

s 

OS 




1 
J 


a 

s 





[3 g 

a "^ 
a 




si 

i 


-0 
< 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


Jith 


44.8 
28.7 
22.4 
21.2 
27.8 
24.2 
14.6 
7.5 


13.2 
35.4 
45.6 
46.5 
29.2 
27.3 
19.4 
23.5 


5.2 
2.7 
7.6 
6.5 
7.6 
6.5 
4.6 


".5 

.4 

.7 

1.8 

2.3 

7.5 


18.4 
10.3 
9.2 
5.6 
1.3 
1.8 


■3.9 

12.7 
26.6 
37.6 
23.5 


15.8 
22.0 
12.2 
11.0 
7.6 

i2'.0 


"'9 
1.5 
2.1 
5.3 
4.6 
7.2 

15.2 


i'.s 
1.8 
2.3 
7.5 


2.6 

To 
2.8 
6.0 

2.7 

15^3 


'2'7 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


38 


Sth 

7th 


104 
366 


■Sth 


764 


1st high school 

:2d 


160 
107 


:3d 

-ith 


41 
13 






Total 


368 


644 


104 


10 


99 


103 


176 


40 


7 


39 


3 




1,593 







TABLE No. 12-V — GREATER NEW YORK 
American Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 




a 


S 

a 


Ml 
.S 

"3 is 

a 
1 


bD 

.s 

1. 


1 

1-^ 


>> 

1 
bi 




C 

Q 


a 




£■1 
fi 
I 


gs 

a 
1 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


,5th 


26.0 
25.3 
23.9 
19.8 
22.7 
21.8 
22.1 
17.6 


29.2 
32.5 
42.0 
44.6 
31.3 
28.5 
24.8 
14.0 


7.8 
7.9 
7.3 
7.3 
5.3 
5.9 
8.3 
7.0 


'".6 

.2 

.5 

1.1 

1.1 


17.4 
9.8 
8.2 
4.8 
1.5 
1.6 
.7 


'2.6 

15.2 
25.5 
28.3 
31.5 


16.6 

21.6 

16.0 

14.7 

7.6 

4.5 

2.7 

5.3 


2.3 
1.9 
1.5 
3.1 
6.7 
3.4 
2.7 
12.3 


■".8 
1.1 
1.4 


.7 
.4 
.9 
2.5 
7.2 
6.1 
7.6 
7.0 


"j 

.6 

.5 

1.4 

5.3 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


127 


■<rjih 


431 


,7th 


1,506 


..Sth 


3.163 


1st high school 

.2d 


525 
376 


.3d 


145 


..4th 


57 






Total 


1,365 


2,529 


454 


35 


356 


299 


879 


194 


10 


175 


34 




6,330 







Our Boys 



303 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Least Liked Study 

Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Least Liked Study 

TABLE No. 12-W — GREATER NEW YORK 

Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 


1 

i 

.a 


a 


o 
1 


S 

.s 

"ca is 
3 

a 

ea 




C 


1 
o 
O 




.2.1 

s ■" 
a 

O 


.1 


c 
xi.S 

a 

1 
< 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


19.6 
25.1 
19.7 
17.4 
21.6 
21.0 
24.5 
25.0 


37.0 
29.5 
40.4 
43.2 
35.5 
30.3 
22.7 
17.9 


6.3 
8.7 
7.2 
7.4 
6.1 
5.9 
9.4 
7.1 




14.7 
14.1 
8.3 
5.1 

3.8 
.8 


'2^0 
10.5 
18.5 
26.4 
35.7 


19.6 
20.8 
22.5 
15.7 
9.4 
2.5 
1.9 
3.6 


2.1 

.6 

1.4 

5 4 

2.7 
7.6 
5.7 




.7 
.9 
.5 
2.7 
8.3 
12.6 
9.4 
7.1 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


143 


6th 


i 


3 


5 




1 
5 
8 


i 

.3 


i 


333 


7th 


793 


8th 


1,145 


Ist high school 

2d 


181 
119 


3cl 


53 


4th. 


28 












Total 


551 


1,084 


205 


14 


200 


88 


476 


95 


3 


76 


3 




2,795 










_ 









TABLE No. 12-X — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys with Two American Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 




ja 


History 
Manual 


I 


1 


1 

ca 
h-1 


>> 

ja 
p. 

s 

a 


a 


a " 
i 


i 


-a.S 

a 
ta 
> 

< 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


30.3 
23.6 
21 8 
20.7 
24.6 
21.1 
11.8 
11.4 


12.2 
24.5 
31.5 
41 2 
37.2 
39.3 
39.0 
31.6 


2.9 .. 
5.1 

8.7 .. 
8.0 
6.7 
5 4 
7.7 
2.5 .. 


1 

3 

2 
4 


18.6 
15.0 
11.3 
10.6 
6.9 
2.9 
1.8 
2.5 


1.4 

9.7 
18.1 
29.6 
38.0 


29.0 

27.6 

22.3 

12.7 

5.6 

2.3 

1.8 

1.3 


1.2 
1.3 
1.0 
1.0 
1.1 
1.2 




5.8 
2.8 
2.5 
3.9 
6.5 
7.9 
6.5 
6.3 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


172 


6th 


1 


2 

1 
6 


1 
5 


4 
8 
8 

1 


703 


7th 


1,269 


8th 


1,950 


1st high school 

2d 


825 
518 


3d 


169 


4th 


79 


Total 


1,239 


2.000 


405 


LI 


564 


2S3 


836 


60 


16 


248 


14 




5,685 










_ 





TABLE No. 12-Y — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys with One American Parent 



Last Grade 
Completed 


1 


a 


1 

5 


ca .b 

3 

a 

C3 


bO 
.S 


1 

ca 


O. 

ca 
O 


a 
2 

Q 


'if 

o 


a "' 

i 


-T3. 

ca 
> 


a 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


14.6 
18,5 
23.9 
18.8 
18.8 
19.7 
21. U 
28.0 


22.0 
29.0 
34.1 
44.1 
39.0 
36.4 
34.8 
36.0 


4.9 
4.2 
6.5 
8.2 
8.5 
O.b 
7.0 




26.8 
16.2 
12.0 
11.2 
5.8 
8.1 
2.3 


io!8 

19.7 
25.6 
20.0 


29.3 
28.2 
17.7 
12.3 
7.3 
3.6 

'4.0 


"'4 

1.6 
1.6 
2.0 
2.2 
2.3 
4.0 




2.4 
3.5 
4.0 
3.8 
5.0 
2.2 
4.7 
8.0 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


41 


6th 

7th 




3 
4 


i 
1 


2 
5 


1 
2 


2 
3 


237 
351 


8th 


571 


Ist high school 

2d 


259 
137 


Sd 


43 


4th 


25 












Total 


333 


625 


116 


2 


182 


71 


236 


25 


5 


65 


4 




1,664 



















304 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Emiployed Boys 

Least Liked Study 
Correlation Between the Last Grade Completed and the Least Liked Study ym 
TABLE No. 12-Z — CITIES OVER 25,000 
American Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 


1 

03 


a 




a 


60 

.s. 

n 


1 

a 

a 
a 


>> 

1 

1 



bO 
C 


"§,'S 

1 




i 

3 


8 

a 

> 

< 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5th 


2.3.8 
18.5 
21.4 
17.6 
22.1 
23.7 
17.8 
6.2 


24.5 
31.5 
34.4 
46.0 
37.9 
34.7 
28.6 
33.3 


'5^4 
8.3 
8.6 
6.9 
6.1 
5.4 

12.2 


"^1 
.1 

"^6 


16.5 
13.8 
10.5 
8.9 
8.1 
2.4 

■3.6 




32.4 

27.4 

20.7 

11.4 

9.5 

6.8 

3.5 

3.0 


.6 
.5 
1.3 
1.4 
1,2 
2.4 

'3^0 




2.2 
2.9 
3.3 
4.4 
6.7 
6.8 
14.3 
15.1 




100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100,0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


152 


6th 


i 
5 

14 
26 
21 


6 
8 


8 
9, 


1 
1 


9 
9 

8 


1 
3 


9 
6 
8 

n 


689 


7th 


959 


8th 


1,169 


1st high school 

2d. 


346 
164 


3d 


56 


4th 


33 












Total 


701 


1,336 


258 


3 


359 


S3 


617 


43 


7 


155 


6 




3,568 







TABLE No. 12-ZZ — CITIES OVER 25,000 
Foreign Boys with Two Foreign Parents 



Last Grade 
Completed 


8 

a 


.a 


[a 




bO 
g 


a 
1 


1 


1 

1 



bO 




"3 § 

i 



Elementary 
science 

Advanced 


d 


Total 
per 
cent 


Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 


5fh 


17.2 
18.3 
17.4 
17.8 
26.6 
17.5 

25^0 


28.5 
33.5 
38.0 
41.4 
32.1 
35.0 
60.0 
12.5 


4.6 
6.0 
9.4 
9.4 
6.4 
2.5 
10.0 
12.5 




15.9 
17.2 
12.3 
11.2 
3.7 
2.5 
10.0 


'i'.3 

.9 
7.3 
17.5 
10.0 
37.5 


28.5 
18.5 
15.8 
11.2 
12.9 
7.5 
10.0 


2 




3.3 .. 

4.4 ., 

4.2 ,, 

5.3 ,, 
8.3 ., 

12,5 ,, 

12^5 :; 




100,0 
100,0 
100,0 
100,0 
100,0 
100,0 
100,0 
100,0 


151 


fith 




5 


1 
1 

2 
1 


6 
6 

8 
8 


5 


9 



367 


7th 


310 


8th 


321 


Ist liigh school 

2J1 


109 
40 


;vi 


10 


4th 


8 












Total 


242 


473 


98 


2 


167 


26 


214 


25 


3 


66 ., 






1,316 



















OuE. Boys 



305 



Sixteen, Sevenleen and Eighteen Year Old Emploijcd Boys 

How They Earned Money While in School 
TABLE No. 13-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


si 
o 


£ 
S 


o 


c 
*-• o 






1 

■a 


^-3 2 


f2 


o 

c 

1 








3.1 

.4 
.2 
.3 
.1 

.6 
.8 
.7 
.1 
14.8 

'.5 


2.7 
10.4 
11.3 
15.0 

3.9 

8.8 
5.9 
4.2 
14.4 
.1 

.7 
3.2 
7.2 

.5 
5.2 

.4 
9.6 
6.7 
8.5 
10.6 

1 


.1 

1.4 

.7 

2.8 

.3 

2.0 

1.1 

2 

!3 

.5 


.1 
'".5 


8.1 
1.0 
4.2 
4.4 
4.5 

1.7 

4.6 
2.8 
8.3 
4.7 

9.9 
5.7 
10.0 
6.7 
2.5 

4.2 
6.4 
4.7 

7.2 
4.8 

4.8 

5,4 


1.3 

2.0 
2.8 
1.6 

3.7 
1,0 
1.1 
1.9 

'"".2 
2.5 

.1 

.2 

8.2 

.1 

2,2 

.1 


11.9 
9.2 
17.4 
12.1 
7.6 

11.1 

20.4 
11.6 
6.6 
10.9 

4.5 
7.7 
16.8 
11.5 
13.8 

9,8 
16.0 

7.9 
13.9 
13.8 

7,6 

2.8 


.1 

.2 
2 

.....^ 

.2 
...... 

'"".2 

2 

■"2!o 


.3 

.6 

2.3 

2.8 

.5 

3,7 
1.7 

2.0 

" 1.2 

.7 

.5 

3.4 

1.2 

1.3 

1.9 
3.2 
1.0 
1.2 
2.2 

.1 

1.0 


3.9 

8.8 
2.0 

10,5 

4,9 

,7 

1,9 

2 
8^9 
1,0 
7.5 

.7 
6.6 
6.6 
11.0 

8.4 

1.6 


3.6 

7.2 

■■■3:2 

4.4 

,3 

10.5 

1.0 

9.8 

2.9 
13.9 

'"q.5 
.6 

10.5 

'"".3 
.1 

G.y 
.9 


64.8 
67,6 
54.3 
52 2 
77.9 

53.5 

59.2 
66.0 
65,0 
57.9 

81.3 
67.9 
51.8 
62.9 
64.4 

02.3 
57.4 
61.9 
57.4 
56.4 

80,4 

82,1 


Amsterdam 


Binehamton 

Buffalo 




Jsunestown 


Mt. Vernon 

Newburgh 


Niagara Falls 


.2 
.5 

.8 


l!7 
.5 
.2 

.1 


Poughke«psie 


8.5 
1.0 

10.0 
.6 

^3 

.2 


Sohenectady 

Syracuse 

TVoy 


.3 

.3 

1.0 


.1 

";4 




Watertowii 


New York 


.5 


5.0 


.5 


.2 



^ 















c-o 






a. 


•^& 




■g'S 





g 


100.0 


2,542 


100,0 


810 


100,0 


829 


100,0 


1,356 


100,0 


11,257 


100,0 


971 


100,0 


838 


100.0 


553 


100.0 


857 


100.0 


700 


100.0 


760 


100 


1,147 


100.0 


546 


100,0 


658 


100,0 


6,322 


100.0 


1,821 


100.(1 


3,874 


100.0 


1,658 


100. c 


2,241 


100.0 


669 


100. c 


2,241 


100.0 


124,795 



TABLE No. 13-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. 

Cohocs 

Coming 



Cortland.. . 
Dunkirk. . . 

Fulton 

Geneva.. . . 
Glen Cove . 



Glens Falls.. 
Glovcrsviile . 

Bkirnell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 



Johnstown 

Lackawanna . , , . 

Little Falls 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . . . 

Miduleto^-n 

No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich. 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsbarg 

Port Jervis 

Rensselaer 



12.1 
6 



1.8 



4.2 
7.2 
6.8 
11.7 
7.0 

14.6 
6.4 

8.8 
10.4 
7.6 

.5 
10.4 
11.3 
22.5 
17.8 

7.0 
6.3 

17.6 
4.6 

10.1 

12.2 
5.3 



15.7 

.3 



2.2 



12.8 
14.4 



13.0 
7.4 



4.2 
2.6 
2.7 
3.2 
1.7 

10.0 
5.1 
3.9 
2.7 

43.6 

5.7 
2.7 
3.6 
3.7 
8.9 

3.2 
4.9 
1.3 
7.3 
3.4 

4.2 
8.8 
7.7 
2,.0 
8.6 



2.5 

2.5 

4.3 

.5 



3.3 
2.7 
7.2 
1.0 



.5 

7.6 



7.6 
5.4 
3.7 



6.5 

'i',0 
3.8 

'3!3 

1.3 

.3 

2.4 

'i'.3 



12 3 


.5 


7.4 


16.2 




55.2 


100.0 


13 4 




1.7 




7.2 


64.6 


100.0 


11.1 




4.1 


22.5 




47.4 


100.0 


9 7 






5.5 
11.3 


.2 


62.5 
61.9 


100.0 
100.0 


5.7 




3.0 


9,3 




5.3 


12.0 




46.8 


100. C 


6,2 




3.7 


8.9 




68.7 


100.0 


12:3 




3.9 


9.3 




60.8 


100.0 


10.9 


.3 


1.0 




12.4 


45.4 


100,0 


9 




2.6 
4.0 






42.7 
45.9 


100,0 
100,0 


10 9 


.5 


20.4 


10.9 


.3 


1.0 




12.4 


45.4 


190.0 


9 4 




2.3 


8.6 


.5 


57.1 


100.0 


3 1 




1.2 


.6 


11.0 


53.6 


100.0 


10.5 




3.8 


8.9 




49.5 


100.0 


11,5 




.6 


.6 


21.7 


50.3 


100.0 


4 5 






4.5 
3.3 




77.6 
63.5 


100.0 
100. c 


5 2 




1.3 


13() 




5.0 


15.1 


,4 


54.6 


100. G 


5 






.5 
12,5 


17.8 

.8 


02.2 
53.6 


100.0 
100.0 


9.9 




3.0 


8^ 




.4 




8.8 


67.6 


loo.o 


12.1 




3.3 


9.9 


6.6 


46.1 


100. 1, 


3.3 




2.0 




17.6 


57.4 


100. u 


9.1 




.8 


14.1 




64.5 


lUO.O 


8.0 




1.6 


11.2 




62.4 


100. c 


3 1 




8.1 


9.4 


.6 


60.7 


100,0 


3.6 


.6 


1.3 


.b 


13,0 


70.4 


100,0 


3 7 








16.7 
18.4 


62.3 
60.6 


100,0 
100.0 


12.1 









268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
530 
316 
249 
240 

242 
412 

282 
422 
179 

415 

338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 

209 



306 



OuE Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Em-ployed Boys 

How They Eaened Money While in School 
TABLE No. 13-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — {Concluded) 



CITIES 


o 


1 


1 
1 


fe 
c 

o g 

"a ° 


11 


1 


2 

1 
■a' 

1 


lie 


A) 
1 

1 


1 

a 

1 




5?° 


a 

i 


1^ 






7.6 
4.7 
19.0 
6.2 
4.6 

3.2 






10.2 
10.0 
4.6 
6.2 
4.3 

9.2 


.2 
'"".6 
'"".3 


4.8 
8.7 
20.2 
8.6 
4.3 

6.0 




4.0 

2.0 


11.4 
14.7 

.6 
6.8 

.3 


"i;2 

"15^5 
8.4 


61.8 
59.2 
52.0 
70.4 
09.8 

70.8 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 




.7 
1.2 


189 




'L2 
.3 

.8 


.6 


289 






.6 


230 




.6 


393 


White Plains 




1.6 


457 



TABLE No. 13-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



VILLAGES 

















12,9 
8.3 
1.8 
2,8 
4,8 

8,4 
1,4 
4,0 








9.7 

2,8 

■19^5 

16.8 
2.8 


Catskili 


1.4 


23.6 




1.4 


2.8 
5.5 
1.4 
4.8 

3.2 
16.5 

1.0 
12.2 

4.8 

2.7 
1,0 
10,1 
6,1 
1,2 

1,5 

32.5 

3.7 

6.0 


7,4 
1,4 












1.8 
3.3 
3,6 


5,5 
16.8 

2.1 
2.8 






5.1 
1.2 

8.4 
4.1 
4.0 
7.3 
20.4 

1.3 
11.2 

8.3 
15.1 

6.4 

1.5 

5.0 
1.4 
13.0 
4.1 






Fredouia 


2,1 


1.2 


















r.i 






22.0 
2.4 
2,1 












1.1 

'i'o 


,5 

'"".9 

"'2!2 
6,0 
1,0 


10,2 

5.3 
6.0 
4.6 
10.5 
12.8 

11.9 
2.5 
3.7 
4.0 
4.1 

18.8 
5,6 
6,3 
9,6 
3.8 

10,0 
3,2 

12,1 
3,8 
7.5 




8.1 
1.3 


14,6 
17,4 
5,5 
.7 
10.5 

13.4 

15.0 

8,2 
'"i'.i, 

38,5 
12.6 

■"2:1 
3.4 

'"".3 






2.1 


1.0 








.9 


6,4 
3.2 
4,1 

1,5 


1.8 
10.4 

"'2!5 




1.1 








1,2 










2.5 
6.7 
l.C 










2,2 
4.0 






1.0 










2.4 
1.4 
6.3 




7.1 
4,2 
2,3 


22.3 
8.3 




1.4 


11.1 
2,3 
8.8 
3.8 


2.8 




No. Tarry town 










1.2 






5.1 


"li 


2,5 

10.0 
3.2 
3,4 
7.8 


50.0 

1,1 

2.1 

26,9 

12,7 

6,4 








10.0 
4,3 
7,5 
3,8 
4.9 

11.5 

9.3 
8.2 


Patchogue 

Peek-skill 


1.1 

.4 


2.0 
6.3 
3.S 
5.5 

6.4 
11.1 
12,2 
15.5 

6.1 

2.9 


'5^4 






Port Chester 




.3 


.... 


Port Washington.. . 












1.9 
2.0 
2.8 


3.7 
2,0 
11,3 
13.4 

5.7 
6.7 
12,4 
9,1 
1.1 

2.6 


















24,5 

8.6 

20.0 

4,5 

"22!9 

21,5 


Seneca Falls 


4.2 




5.6 




4.2 
1,2 

2.9 

2,2 


14,1 
14,7 

5,6 

20.0 










14.3 
1.1 
1.1 


■"i^i 

5,6 


Walden 


8.9 








5.6 
14.5 
3.3 

6.0 


2.2 
3.6 








"i'.i 

.9 


1,8 
7,8 

1.7 


Wellsville 






3.3 
2.6 




Whitehall 

















77,4 


100.0 


59.7 


100,0 


85,4 


100,0 


70,6 


100,0 


64.9 


100,0 


51.6 


100,0 


71,0 


100,0 


69.0 


100,0 


78.1 


100,0 


51,7 


100.0 


74,8 


100,0 


60.3 


100,0 


61.5 


100,0 


52.9 


100,0 


63.8 


100,0 


70.2 


100,0 


55.0 


100,0 


61.5 


100,0 


51.0 


100,0 


81.6 


100.0 


49.4 


100.0 


58.3 


100.0 


75.0 


100,0 


42.8 


100,0 


71.0 


100,0 


20.0 


100,0 


81.9 


100,0 


59.4 


100,0 


53.9 


100,0 


68.8 


100.0 


75.7 


100.0 


74.0 


100.0 


51.1 


100,0 


42.3 


100,0 


64.6 


100,0 


65.6 


100.0 


58.9 


100.0 


63.0 


100.0 


51,0 


100.0 


60.5 


100.0 


64.7 


100.0 



OuK Boys 



307 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Night School Enrollment 

TABLE No. 14-B — CITIES OVER 25,000 





Attendance 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popula- 
tion of 
employed 
boys 


CITIES 


Attends 


Would 
attend 


Would 

not 
attend 




7.2 
5.5 
6.1 
3.2 
9.2 

7.2 

5.0 

4.6 

10.4 

10.7 

7.3 
8.9 
3.0 
2.0 
20.6 

8.0 
4.3 
2.9 
5.2 
2.0 

9.4 

10.0 


16.3 
15.2 
23.2 
22.8 
16.2 

19.7 
19.4 
41.2 
23.4 
17.8 

17.6 
26.7 
43.0 
15.5 
15.3 

14.7 
28.0 
36.5 
23.3 
25.3 

21.8 

30.6 


76.5 
79.3 
70.7 
74.0 
74.6 

73.1 
75.6 

54.2 
66.2 
71.5 

75.1 
64.4 
54.0 
82.5 
64.1 

77.3 
67.7 
60.6 
71.5 
72.7 

68.8 

59.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


2,542 




810 




829 




1,356 


BufiFalo 


11,257 


Elmira 


971 




838 




553 




857 




700 


New Rochelle 


760 




1,147 




546 




698 




6,322 


Schenectady 


1,821 




3,874 


Troy 


1,658 


Utica 


2,241 




669 




2,241 




124,795 



TABLE No. 14-C — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland . . 
Dunkirk . . 

Fulton 

Geneva. . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls. 
Gloversville . 
Hornell. . . . 
Hudson. . . . 
Ithaca 



Johnstown . . . 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls. . , 

Lockport 

Mechanicville. 



Middletown 

North Tonawandi. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 



Oneida 

Oneonta . , . 
Plattsburg. 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer . 



6.9 


5.7 


87.4 


100.0 


268 


4.1 


25.6 


70.3 


100.0 


271 




60.5 


39.5 


100.0 


119 


4.2 


11.4 


84.4 


100.0 


561 


2.4 


35.3 


62.3 


100.0 


322 


2 3 


25.5 


72.2 


100.0 


235 


9.5 


5.6 


84.9 


100.0 


414 


2.0 


24.8 


73.2 


100.0 


262 


2.1 


29.4 


68.5 


100.0 


252 


6.8 


37.2 


56.0 


100.0 


252 


2.0 


19.7 


78.3 


100.0 


322 


3.4 


17.4 


79.2 


100.0 


536 


3.7 


21.4 


74.9 


100.0 


319 


.6 


14.0 


85.4 


100.0 


247 


5.3 


24.2 


70.5 


100.0 


243 


3.0 


10.5 


86.5 


100.0 


242 


24.0 


12.0 


64.0 


100.0 


412 


.3 


48.0 


51.7 


100.0 


282 


1.8 


26.3 


71.9 


100.0 


422 


1.4 


15.0 


83.6 


100.0 


179 


3.7 


18.5 


77.8 


100.0 


415 


1.8 


52.3 


45.9 


100.0 


338 


1.3 


47.0 


51.7 


100.0 


153 


6.7 


U.4 


81.9 


100.0 


325 


4.0 


32.8 


63.2 


100.0 


425 


.4 


15.2 


84.4 


100.0 


244 


3.3 


19.3 


77.4 


100.0 


243 


2.0 


44.0 


54.0 


100.0 


205 


.4 


1.3 


98.3 


100.0 


211 


.7 


17.5 


81.8 


100.0 


209 



308 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Night School Enrollment 

TABLE No. 14-C — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 





Attendance 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popula- 
tion of 
employed 
boys 


CITIES 


Attends 


Would 
attend 


Would 

not 
attend 




.8 

.4 

.6 

2.3 

2.5 

3.4 
D — VILI 


45.4 

9.4 

2.2 

48.9 

28.8 

16.8 

.AGES 

48.4 

7;5 

34.1 
57.0 

55.3 
43.5 

■"'29;3 
46.5 

■■"49;2 
46.0 

48.4 

25.0 
58.3 
42.5 
61.5 

30.1 
29.1 
55.7 

■"■58;6 

30.0 
22.3 
52.2 
65.4 
54.0 

64.0 
56.3 

"■"56!7 
40.0 

59.9 
37.5 
47.1 
39.0 
32.6 

1.9 


53.8 
90.2 
97.2 

48.8 
68.7 

79.8 

VER 5,00 

51.6 
100.0 
67.4 
61.3 
41.6 

43.6 
52.3 
100.0 
70.7 
52.2 

100.0 
100.0 
49.3 
50.6 

47.7 

62.6 
40.6 
57.5 
36.8 
100.0 

67.6 
70.9 
44.3 
98.4 
39.1 

70.0 
77.7 
45.4 
34.6 
44.0 

35.1 
43.2 
100.0 
42.8 
53.2 

38.8 
60.1 
46.0 
59.6 
67.4 

99.1 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 




189 




289 




230 




393 


White Plains 


457 


TABLE No. 14- 
VILLAGES 


165 


Catskill 




96 




25.1 
4.6 
1.4 

1.1 

4.2 


148 




164 




95 




204 




155 




120 




1.3 


140 




249 




120 






108 




1.5 
3.4 
3.9 

12.4 
1.1 


62 




215 




153 




134 




28 




163 




1.7 


153 




111 




2.3 


128 




136 




i'.h 

2.9 


90 




72 




217 




72 






107 


Peekskill 


2.4 


292 




72 




2.0 

.9 
.5 


388 




56 




137 




100 




.5 
6.8 

1.3 
2.4 
6.9 
1.4 


147 




157 




85 


Walden 


144 




68 




115 




73 


Whitehall 




\ 118 






\ 



OuE Boys 



;09 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Emjploycd Boys 

Beginning Weekly Wage 

TABLE No. 15-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


S3 


$6 


$9 


$12 


$15 


$18 


$21 


$24 


$27 


$30 

or 

more 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boya 




9.7 
10.0 
3.7 

3.4 
9.7 

6.1 

14.2 

22.7 

4.0 

5.1 

7.0 
3.4 
9.7 
11.1 
3.3 


25.1 
31.1 
35.3 
26.0 
19.2 

14.8 
24.0 
34.4 
22.0 
23.2 

33.7 
11,3 
26.9 
24.1 
31.5 


25.4 
23.6 
24.1 
18.5 
16.1 

18.8 
23.7 
16.9 
33.6 
14.0 

19.6 
16.4 
20.9 
22.4 
22.3 

19.8 
23.7 
25.3 
21.2 
13.9 

23.0 

25.1 


12.8 
19.9 
18.1 
22.3 
11.9 

12.0 
12.7 
8.1 
14.2 
10.7 

12.5 
11.0 
15.9 
20.6 
14.3 

14.2 
13.9 
12.3 
14.3 
11.0 

17.9 

13.5 


10.5 
11.2 
13.1 
17.6 
15.6 

14.7 
16.4 
8.6 
15.3 
13.3 

12.5 
18.8 
13.0 
12.1 
14.1 

13.4 
13.8 
7.8 
15.0 
16.1 

16.5 

11.2 


6.1 
2.7 
3.7 
8.2 
10.3 

14.1 
5.0 
4.4 
5.4 
6.7 

3.4 
14.7 
8.0 
3.9 
7.4 

6.6 
10.4 

6.8 
12.0 
14.5 

3.2 

4.8 


4.4 
.7 
1.8 
1.1 
8.2 

9.5 
.8 
2.1 
3.6 
10.0 

3.1 

14.0 

2.9 

.9 

3.1 

5.1 
5.3 
3.2 

4.5 
8.2 

5.1 

2.3 


2.7 

.4 

.2 

1.8 

5.3 

5.0 
2.8 
1.9 
1.1 
9.2 

.7 
7.8 

.8 
2.6 
2.0 

1.7 

2.5 

.9 

1.5 

8.4 

1.5 
1.1 


1.0 

.2 


2.3 
.2 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


2,542 


Amsterdam 


810 
829 


Binghamton 

Buffalo 


■■3.7 

1.4 
.4 

■■3',7 

.5 
2.6 
1.9 
1.4 

.4 

1.1 

1.4 

.6 

.9 


1.1 

3.6 

^9 

.8 

4.1 

7.0 

1.6 

1.4 

' 1 '. i 


1,356 
11,257 

971 


Jamestown 

Kingston 

Mt. Vernon 


838 
553 
857 
700 


New Rochelle 

Niagara Falls 


760 

1,147 

546 


Poughkeepsie 


698 
6,322 






Schenectady 


9.7 

8.2 

12.8 

9.4 

7.0 

4.2 

8.9 


27.0 
20.8 
29.2 
21.2 
12.3 

28.2 

32.2 


1,821 
3,874 


Troy 


1,668 


Utica 


2,241 


Watertown 


S.6 

.4 


.7 


669 
2,241 


New York 


124,795 



TABLE No. 15-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove 

Glens Falls 

Gloversville 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 

Johnstown 

Lackawanna . . . . 

Little Falls 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . . . 

Middletown . . . . 
No. Tonawanda 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsburg 

Port Jervis 

Rensselaer 



7.3 


15.5 


23.0 


12.5 


14.3 


12.5 


10.7 


34.2 


20.3 


11.5 


13.2 


2.8 


2.5 


30.6 


33.3 


11.4 


5.8 


8.7 


14.4 


26.9 


22.4 


11.7 


12.4 


6.7 


1.5 


7.9 


20.2 


14.2 


26.2 


16.5 


6.8 


18.8 


14.2 


25.5 


15.5 


14.2 


5.5 


14.4 


13.6 


15.5 


16.8 


14.9 


8.6 


20.4 


21.4 


20.0 


15.9 


5.6 


1.3 


22.5 


25.2 


13.0 


15.2 


18.0 


9.6 


23.4 


22.5 


19.1 


13.1 


7.0 


5.3 


24.4 


21.4 


17.2 


13.9 


6.9 


14.6 


26.1 


27.8 


19.1 


7.9 


2.0 


3.9 


23.2 


21.1 


12.5 


13.8 


8.8 


8.4 


15.1 


18.8 


23.6 


10.3 


10.3 


7.2 


13.3 


24.9 


18.8 


20.5 


9.4 


16.1 


26.2 


30.1 


11.7 


8.5 


4.7 


5.3 


18.4 


10.7 


7.5 


20.7 


15.7 


6.5 


20.8 


21.5 


18.9 


11.7 


13.0 


8.4 


9.3 


19.1 


21.1 


15.2 


15.2 


9.4 


14.7 


18.1 


11.8 


11.4 


17.1 


12.4 


20.8 


22.3 


19.2 


10.4 


9.6 


4.6 


19.5 


21.7 


16.4 


11.6 


14.2 


7.6 


11.0 


30.8 


24.2 


11.0 


14.3 


17.5 


35.8 


18.8 


5.0 


6.9 


5.6 


6.5 


18.3 


17.5 


12.2 


13.9 


10.5 


9.7 


15.3 


16.9 


18.5 


16.9 


13.7 


3.9 


9.0 


14.7 


14.7 


17.8 


10.9 


6.6 


12.2 


25.4 


16.6 


15.4 


11.1 


15.6 


22.3 


11.8 


19.3 


14.9 


10. C 


21.4 


28.4 


12.6 


11.4 


8.8 


4.6 



7.0 
3.0 
5.9 
1.9 
7.9 

4.2 
8.5 
4.2 
2.4 
5.3 

6.9 
1.9 
9.7 
8.3 
3.0 

2.7 
9.3 
4.9 
5.9 
7.5 

5.5 
6.6 

■3.7 
9.9 

4.9 
11.6 
7.9 
1.2 
2.0 


7.9 
2.4 






1 9 






1 8 


.8 
3.2 

1.7 

.8 


1.5 

.9 

.8 
1.0 
2.2 

.8 


1.3 
1.5 

^8 


1.6 


1.2 


1.2 
.6 


2.1 
3.4 
2.9 


1.5 


3.4 
1.6 






9.8 
2.0 
4.6 

5.4 

2.4 
4.6 
1.1 
6.6 
10.5 

2.5 
5.2 
1.6 
.6 
4.2 


2.6 

.7 

1.2 

1.6 

1.4 

1.8 


' "3.6 
2.0 


1.1 

.7 

1.6 

12.2 

1.6 

.6 

3.6 


" i.6 
3.7 
3.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 

252 

322 
536 
319 

247 
243 

242 
412 

282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 

425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



310 



OuB Boys 



Sijcteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Beginning Weekly Wage 

TABLE Na. 15-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 


$3 


$6 


$9 


S12 


$15 


$18 


$21 


$24 


$27 


$30 

or 

more 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 




4.9 
3.5 
18.6 
13.9 
14.3 

7.2 


12.4 
21.6 
25.6 
18.1 
23.1 

25.3 


12.7 
11.6 
14.6 
13.9 
14.0 

20.9 


17.7 
14.9 
11.6 
13.9 
20.2 

17.3 


23.2 
20.2 

6.4 
15.7 

9.0 

12.9 


13.9 
8.9 

14.4 
9.5 

10.3 

6.8 


8.3 
8.9 
5.8 
6.4 
3.1 

5.6 


4.8 
9.5 
1.8 
4.6 
3.1 

2.8 


2.1 
.9 

"i'.O 
1.0 

1.2 


'"i;2 

'"i'.9 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 




189 


Saratoga Springs . . . 

Tonawanda 

Watervliet 


289 
230 
393 


White Plains 


457 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 15-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport. . . 
Hastings . . . 
Haverstraw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer. . . 



Hoosick Falls. 
Hudson Falls. 
Huntington. . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City . 



Lancaster. . . 

Lawrence 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. 
Massena .... 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue . . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan . . . 
Port Chester. 



Port Washington. . . 
Rockville Center . . . 

Saranac Lake 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown. 
Walden . . . 
Waterf ord . 
Waverly . . . 
Wells ville.. 



Whitehall. 



20.3 
2.1 
2.6 
4.0 

20.2 
3.0 
4.4 
6.1 
6.5 

9.3 

12.6 

6.1 

.6 

4.1 

7.0 

7.2 

12.2 

13.2 

2.1 

16.6 



9.0 

20.5 

1.3 

5.6 
6.3 
6.4 
8.2 
10.8 

2.7 
4.7 
28.6 
1.4 
3.9 

9.5 

21.6 

7.9 



■35.3 


19.2 


17.6 


25.9 


4.0 


11.3 


6.4 


18.0 


2.8 


7.6 


29.6 


21.3 


14. C 


34.6 


8.4 


7.4 


15.9 


40.3 


16.8 


19.0 


10.6 


29.6 


25.9 


29.9 


18.0 


29.1 


8.1 


17.8 


6.5 


28.0 


23.5 


20.5 


17.2 


27.3 


15.2 


26.4 


32.3 


20.3 


6.1 


12.2 


35.5 


14.3 


19.8 


17.2 


32.4 


17.7 


38.0 


18.4 


23.4 


29.9 


30.6 


20.7 


26.7 


19.3 


23.9 


15.1 


27.4 


16.0 


31.4 


17.4 


11.6 


20.8 


27.0 


21.5 


22.5 


10.2 


25.4 


29.6 


19.8 


19.8 


23.9 


21.0 


25.0 


30.5 


25.0 


23.8 


15.0 


2.2 


18.3 


3.5 


6.8 


18.0 



12.8 
10.7 
13.1 
41.5 
14.9 

9.6 

12.6 

8.4 

8.5 

14.1 

20.0 
10.6 
17.1 
14.6 
32.0 

7.8 
22.2 
13.0 
19.2 
16.4 

13.1 
17.2 
12.9 
12.7 
16.5 

5.6 
13.9 
24.9 
19.8 
17.4 

32.3 
19.6 
14.3 
19.7 



9.5 

7.2 

14.8 

22.3 

20.5 



9.5 


9.5 


6.4 


10.5 


11.3 


10.4 


17.2 


9.2 


13.7 


6.2 


10.7 


7.4 


15.5 


12.6 


25.4 


18.4 


15.9 


6.1 


16.6 


17.8 


10.6 


18.6 


9.6 


7.6 


10.7 


8.9 


16.4 


21.8 


19.9 


7.1 


10.8 


10.1 


7.2 


7.2 


10.0 


11.5 


6.2 


3.2 


14.3 


22.5 


9.5 


3.7 


19.9 


17.2 


13.7 


7.5 


2.8 


4.0 


12.1 


7.7 


20.7 




8.4 


6.4 


12.7 


8.9 


4.2 


12.0 


10.1 


6.2 


15.6 


11.6 


17.7 


6.6 


10.2 


8.2 


15.5 


4.2 


21.0 


10.1 


29.5 




6.0 


2.7 


11.4 


10.2 


18.7 


7.7 


25.1 


10.3 


15.4 


26.6 



8.5 
5.0 

15.9 
2.6 

25.7 

1.2 
3.0 

16.4 
3.6 



3.4 
9.2 
1 

5.5 
4.5 
7 

3.2 
17.3 

4.8 

8.7 

5 

1.8 

5.8 

5.6 
7.4 
5.5 
8.2 
5.0 



2.9 



1.4 
10.1 

6.6 

2.7 

4.6 

22.3 

12.6 

1.7 



5.2 
3.6 

28.8 
1.7 

19.7 



3.0 

10. 4 

3.6 

4.3 



2.5 
2.4 
5.2 



8.5 
7.2 
3.9 
1.2 
5.1 

2.5 



5.6 
6.3 
2.6 



2.7 



1.6 
2.3 
5.9 
2.6 

5.9 



3.1 



6.4 



1.7 
1.4 



1.1 



1.3 
'6.3 



6.3 



1.2 
2.0 



1.8 



5.6 



2.7 



6.0 

2.8 
1.4 



2.7 
5.9 



1.3 
i'.S 



2.0 



5.3 
'4!2 



5.9 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



Our Boys 



311 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Present Weekly Wage 
TABLE No. 16-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


«3 


$6 


$9 


$12 


$15 


$18 


$21 


$24 


$27 


$30 

or 

more 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 




1.6 
.7 
.7 

1.0 
.9 

1.3 

1.8 

2.6 

.8 

3.6 

1.0 
3.5 
1.1 


6.4 
3.2 
2.8 
3.5 
1.5 

3.2 

"s'.i 

2.1 
2.9 

1.2 
11.3 
3.9 
6.5 
1.0 

5.5 
1.4 
6.2 
1.7 
.2 

.6 

1.1 

BLE 

5.3 
3.6 
5.9 
2.9 
.9 

1.0 
1.1 
3.0 
2.4 
6.0 

6.3 

4.6 
2.5 
4.8 
2.2 

1.6 
1.3 

.7 
.8 
.8 

5.5 

1.8 

2.5 

22.5 

.8 

1.7 
2.9 
5.0 
3.1 

7.2 


15.1 

4.8 

15.2 

6.7 

6.5 

10.2 
9.5 
14.1 
14.0 
7.4 

19.2 
15.9 

7.1 
12.5 

6.4 

15.6 
8.6 

19.0 
6.9 
7.6 

14.4 

11.4 

No. 

10.1 

5.8 

10.0 

9.4 

3.5 

6.4 
2.8 
3.0 
13.0 
11.9 

15.6 
9.5 
5.2 
9.2 

11.0 

11.2 
5.8 
5.9 
4.6 

2.7 

17.0 
5.1 
9.1 

21.8 
3.0 

8.1 
4.1 

15.8 
6.9 

16.3 


17.8 
20.4 
19.7 
11.5 

7.7 

10.2 
14.3 
13.9 
22.0 
8.6 

20.2 
11.0 
19.2 
21.8 
14.6 

12.5 
9.8 

17.8 
8.4 

7.8 

16.3 
20.3 

16-B 

13.9 
15.8 
11.4 
14.5 
2.5 

17.1 

5.7 

9.2 

11.3 

25.7 

12.7 
17.7 
0.0 
18.4 
14.4 

18.1 
2.2 

12.4 
8.0 
8.5 

13.9 

1.8 

20.2 

13.9 

4.5 

8.9 
8.5 
12.5 
15.5 
12.6 


18.0 
38.4 
24.2 
25.5 
15.2 

13.3 
37.5 
20.7 
25.9 
13.3 

29.4 
18.9 
23.0 
24.8 
23.9 

17.1 
20.9 
16.8 
22.2 
19.1 

29.6 

28.4 

-CI 

21.5 
23.5 
22.4 
19.5 
11.5 

20.4 
13.4 
20.1 
19.1 
17.1 

23.1 
33.7 
16.2 
20.8 
19.9 

22.7 

8.1 

26.8 

18.1 

7.0 

18.9 
15.2 
20.2 
10.0 
10.0 

17.7 

8.5 
20.2 
13.1 
13.1 


11.4 
15.6 
18.3 
25.8 
15.8 

19.2 
23.2 
12.4 
17.8 
9.2 

13.4 
14.8 
17.5 
14.0 
20.7 

14.1 
18.5 
17.1 
22.6 
15.2 

16.0 

17.1 

riES 

12.3 

18.7 
22.4 
27.3 
20.6 

25.7 
20.7 
24.0 
24.6 
19.7 

16.1 
16.2 
14.8 
10.5 
21.7 

25.9 
11.8 
22.9 
17.7 
22.5 

16.6 
25.4 
15.7 
11.3 
12.5 

19.3 
15.5 
18.9 
20.4 
12.0 


9.8 
10.4 
12.6 
10.4 
17.3 

15.2 
6.8 

13.5 
9.0 

13.6 

7.5 
14.0 
12.7 

6.0 
14.4 

14.7 
19.5 
12.0 
17.3 
15.1 

12.1 

9.9 

UNI 

12.9 
11.1 
14.1 
11.0 
20.6 

17.7 
12.9 
18.1 
15.7 
7.7 

16.1 

8.6 
21.1 
16.0 
14.3 

9.8 
14.1 
19.5 
21.9 
20.6 

8.2 
21.2 

12.4 

4.8 

23.2 

22.5 
11.7 
13.3 
8.7 
10.4 


8.1 
2.6 
4.2 

8.4 
16.8 

15.5 
3.0 
9.4 
5.3 

20.1 

5.6 
7.9 
8.1 
5.3 
10.3 

9.0 
11.3 

4.6 
9.4 
15.9 

6.6 

6.0 

)ER 

15.5 
11.1 
4.6 
5.9 
14.2 

8.4 
13.1 
11.8 
8.5 
6.8 

4.5 
3.9 

12.0 
9.2 

11.6 

3.5 

16.8 
9.8 
15.9 
18.2 

7.0 
17.5 
4.7 
6.1 
18.6 

8.1 
16.7 
6.6 
5.6 
9.3 


3.6 

2.2 

1.6 

3.2 

18.3 

3.0 
3.9 
1.9 
1.3 

8.6 

' '2.7 
7.4 
4.5 
3.0 

4.6 
9.6 
3.7 
11.2 
18.1 

3.8 

1.7 

25,00 

8.5 
2.9 
1.9 
4.4 
4.5 

2.3 
30.3 
9.8 
1.3 
5.1 

2.8 
1.1 
5.6 
3.7 
3.3 

4.1 
38.1 

2.0 
11.3 

8.0 

6.2 

12.0 

6.9 

3.5 

25.4 

13.7 

30.5 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0 


8.2 

1.7 

.7 

4.0 

8.9 

■'3'.4 

1.8 

12.7 

2.6 

"'4;6 
4.8 

5.5 

"1.6 

3.8 


"i'.b 
7.3 
4.2 

21.2 

"i'.i 

2.8 
2.5 

15.5 

5.6 
2.2 

"i6!9 

4.7 

"5.8 

"i'.h 

"i'.e 

5.6 

21.1 

14.6 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


2,542 


Amsterdam 


810 
1,829 


Bingham ton 

Buffalo 


1,356 
11,257 


Elmira 


971 


Jamestown 

Kingston 

Mt. Vernon 


838 
553 
857 
700 


New Rochelle 

Niagara Falls 


760 

1,147 

546 




698 


Rochester 

Schenectady 

Syracuse 

Troy 


.9 

1.4 
.4 

1.2 
.3 

1.0 

.6 
.3 

TA 

" .6 


6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 




2,241 


Watertown 


669 
2,241 


New York 


124,796 


Batavia 

Beacon 


268 
271 
119 


Cohoes 


.9 
.5 

1.0 


561 
322 


Cortland 

Dunkirk 


236 
414 


Fulton 


1.0 


262 
252 






252 


Glens Falls 




322 


Gloversville 


2.2 
1.1 
1.8 
1.6 

.9 
1.8 


536 
319 


Hudson 

Ithaca 


247 
243 




242 


Lackawanna 

Little Falls 


412 
282 




1.7 

.8 

2.0 

"2!5 

6.1 

.3 


422 


Mechanicville 

Middletown 

No. Tonawanda .... 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 


179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 




244 






243 






205 


Port Jervis 

Rensselaer 


2.5 
1.5 


211 
209 



312 



Ohr Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Present Weekly Wage 

TABLE No. 16-B— CITIES UNDER 25,000— (Concluded) 



CITIES 


S3 


$6 


$9 


$12 


«15 


S18 


$21 


$24 


$27 


$30 

or 

more 


Total 
per 

cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 




.7 


1.3 
2.4 
12.2 
1.6 
5.1 

4.0 


2.5 

■i7!4 

3.5 
8.5 

11.2 


6.3 
7.8 

12.2 
6.6 

15.3 

14.4 


15.1 
12.4 
19.0 
12.1 
13.2 

18.8 


21.6 
17.2 
13.9 

17.7 
20.0 

14.4 


16.5 
9.8 
12.2 
18.2 
13.8 

20.8 


21.8 
20.5 

2.8 
19.5 

8.2 

10.8 


14.2 
29.9 

2.2 
20.8 

6.0 

4.4 


'"6.4 

"'s'.5 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 




189 


Saratoga Springs . . . 


1.7 


289 
230 


Watervliet 


1.4 
1.2 


393 


White Plains 


467 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 16-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport. . . 
Hastings. . . 
Haverstraw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer . . . 



Hoosick Falls . 
Hudson Falls . 
Huntington . . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City . 



Lancaster. . . 
LawTence. . . . 

■Malone 

Maniaroneck . 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue. . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan . . . 
Port Chester . 



Port Washington. 
Rockville Center . 
Saranac Lake. . . . 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown . 
Walden ... 

Waterf ord . , 
Waverly . . . 
Wells ville.. 



2.1 



1.8 
4.4 



1.3 
1.7 



1.7 

4.7 



.9 
4.3 



Whitehall. 



5.9 
3.5 
1.2 
2.2 
1.6 

7.9 
1.8 
3.4 
6.1 
1.2 

2 

3.4 

3.6 



1.7 
1.7 



8.5 
5.0 
1.3 



10.5 



4.4 
1.2 
4.3 
1.8 

4.0 

6.9 

13.5 

1.5 



2.9 
3.8 



3.5 
3.4 



12.4 

24.3 

1.2 

1.3 

1.6 

16.4 
18.2 

7.4 
20.8 

3.3 

9.4 
4.4 
10.0 
1.9 
3 

1.7 
12.2 
15.9 
12.0 

7.3 

9.5 
6.1 
16.8 
11.5 
18.2 

25.0 

15.0 

9.7 

8.1 

11.9 

9.1 
16.1 
11.5 
10.1 

4.9 

12.3 

15 
9.4 
5.4 
5.9 

5.0 



15.7 
13.2 

5.8 
13.5 

2.8 

17.4 
10.0 

8.4 

15.8 

6.1 

20.2 

12.5 

11.8 

6.3 

12.9 

4.7 
19.6 
15.1 
25.0 
12.5 

8.4 
8.8 
9.0 
32.5 
11.7 

15.0 
21.4 
8.1 
27.4 
10.9 

24.6 
15.1 
17.7 
24.2 
1.2 

12.3 

15.3 

26.2 

3.6 

8.2 

10.3 



15.7 
14.6 
5.8 
29.4 
11.3 

24.8 
16.8 
25.4 
13.5 
20<6 

22. rs 
15.7 
23.9 
20.0 
20.4 

10.7 
17.2 
14.4 
17.0 
9.4 

35.5 
24.1 
18.5 
18.3 
20.0 

5.0 

24.7 
21.8 
12.0 
25.9 

20.6 
19.8 
15.5 
38.2 
8.5 

23.8 
29.7 
21.7 
16.4 
18.3 

6.8 



22.2 
18.6 

9.6 
26.6 

6.5 

14.3 

18.2 
18.4 
15.8 
24.9 

33.5 
44.3 
18.3 
26.5 
21.6 

17.5 
17.2 
19.6 
22.0 
25.8 

19.0 
28.4 
13.0 
10.6 
14.9 

25.0 
11.8 
14.7 
19.8 
21.3 

27.2 
17.9 
19.7 
12.9 
30.5 

9.6 
14.2 
20.6 
12.7 
23.9 

34.4 



22.2 


5.9 
2.1 






14.6 


3.5 


3.5 


17.8 


14.2 


44.4 




15.3 


5.5 


2.2 


3.2 


19.8 


24.6 


31.8 




8.0 


5.9 


1.7 


3.6 


14.1 


7.2 


1.8 


10.1 


16.4 


10.4 


1.4 


4.4 


18.3 


6.1 




3.6 


22.8 


11.5 


8.9 


.7 


2.9 


5.4 


2.9 




8.6 


6.4 




3.4 


15.5 


6.3 


2.6 


6.3 


14.6 


12.1 


18.6 




22.2 


10.6 


7.0 




19.7 


13.7 


28.6 




12.2 


12.2 




4.7 


10.7 


6.2 


4.8 


4.8 


8.0 


8.0 


2.0 




21.7 


• 8.3 


3.2 


10.5 


15.5 


8.4 


3.7 




21.3 


6.1 




3.3 


33.3 


5.1 


4.3 




8.2 


2.7 


1.6 


2.6 


26.5 


5.3 


3.4 




5.0 


15.0 


10.0 




6.5 


7.6 


2.2 


6.4 


22.2 


18.5 


2.9 




19.8 






4.3 


14.5 


9.3 


4.4 


6.5 


4.0 


4.0 




12.4 


8.7 




3.1 


9 4 


7.4 
2.9 






5.9 




4.3 


19.5 


20.7 


14.7 




26.7 


15.3 
2.9 






4.0 


4.0 


11.8 


9.4 


3.7 




3.7 


27.3 


16.4 


18.2 




18.3 


12.6 


9.3 




8.6 


9.4 




20.5 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



OuK Boys 



313 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Who Helped Them Get Their Jobs 
TABLE No. 17-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


Friend 


Adver- 
tise- 
ment 


School 


Church 


Employ- 
ment 
bureau 


Applied 


Total 
per 

cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Albany 


28.1 
25.4 
32.2 
32.5 
9.9 

26.8 
30.5 
22.6 
23.0 
27.9 

22.9 
18.2 
30.7 

24.6 
26.9 

25.9 
30.7 
28.4 
25.6 
22.2 

16.4 

27.9 


.7 

'"".7 
.1 
.1 

.1 
.1 
.2 
1.5 
.3 

'"".8 

A 

.1 

.4 

.1 

1.2 

.1 

5.7 


1.7 

.8 
.4 
.4 
.6 

.3 
1.0 

.7 

1.2 

.3 

2 
'.2 
.2 
.2 
2.0 

2 
2 
^6 

-.1 
1.8 




" ". i 

'"".2 
.3 

.1 
2 

.2 


.6 

.4 

1.5 

1.7 

.1 

.3 
.1 

■"i;7 

"'l!3 

.3 

.4 

'.i 
2 

1.7 


68.9 
73.4 
65.2 
65.3 
89.3 

72.5 
68. 3 
76.5 
72.6 
71.5 

76.9 
81.5 
68.1 
75.0 
69.1 

73.4 
68.1 
70.9 

72.7 
77.2 

83.5 

62.7 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100,0 


' 2,542 


Amsterdam 


;«. 810 


Auburn 


829 


Binghamton 


' 1,356 


Buffalo 


1 1 , 257 


Elmira 


971 


Jamestown 


838 


Kingston 


553 


Mt. Vernon 


857 


Newburgh 


700 


New Rochelle 

Niagara Falls 

Oswego 


760 

1,147 

546 

698 


Rochester 


6,322 


Schenectady 

Syracuse 

T^Dy 


1,821 
3,874 
1 , 658 


Utica 


2,241 


Waterto-.vn 

Yonkers 

New \ ork 


669 

2,241 

124,795 



TABLE No. 17-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. 
Colioes . \ . . . . 
Corning 



Cortland . . 
Dunkirk . . . 

EHilton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls . 
Gloversville. 

Hovnell 

Hudson .... 
Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . . 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls . . . 

Lockport 

Mechanicville. 



Middletown 

No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 



Oneida. . . . 
Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg . 
Port Jervis. 
Rensselaer. 



22.9 




.5 






76.6 


100.0 


20.5 


.6 








78.9 


100.0 


32.9 










67.1 


100.0 


22.5 


2 


3 




.2 


76.9 


100,0 


19.7 




1.0 




.3 


79.0 


100,0 


23.3 


.7 








76,0 


100.0 


18.9 


.2 


.5 






80.4 


100.0 


16.7 




1.0 




.5 


81. 8 


100.0 


30.6 










69.4 


100.0 


19.7 


.9 








79.4 


100.0 


34.8 


.5 


.5 


.5 




63.7 


100.0 


26.6 


1.0 








72.4 


100.0 


26.1 










73.9 


100.0 


23.2 










76.8 


100.0 


33.8 




.6 






65.6 


100.0 


25.5 


.6 








73.9 


100.0 


19.5 


.4 




.4 




79.7 


100.0 


31.4 




.7 






67.9 


100.0 


18.0 




.4 


.4 




81.2 


100.0 


22.3 


.5 






1.0 


76.2 


100.0 


27.0 


1.1 


.8 






71.1 


100.0 


18.2 




o 


.i 




81.5 


100.0 


39.5 




1.1 






59.4 


100.0 


28.2 


.7 








71.1 


100,0 


19.5 


.3 


.5 




.3 


79.4 


100.0 


23.2 




.8 






76.0 


100.0 


33.2 




.6 




1.2 


65.0 


100.0 


36.5 










63.5 


100.0 


21.0 










79.0 


100.0 


27.3 








.5 


72.2 


100.0 [ 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 

247 
243 

242 
412 

282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 

325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



314 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Who Helped Them Get Their Jobs 

TABLE No. 17-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 


Friend 


Adver- 
tise- 
ment 


School 


Church 


Employ- 
ment 
bureau 


Applied 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boy a 




26.5 
34.6 
28.2 

22.8 
36.8 

19.6 




.2 
.7 

'""a 

A 




.8 

" ' i '. 2 
"'i'.2 


72.5 
64.7 
70.6 
77.2 
61.6 

80.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 




189 


Saratoga Springs 


289 
230 




393 


White Plains 


457 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 17-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport. . . . 
Hastings. . . 
Haverstraw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer. . . 



Hoosick Falls . 
Hudson Falls. 
Huntington. . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City. 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. , 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarry town. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue . . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan . . . 
Port Chester. 



Port Washington . 
Rockville Center . 
Saranac Lake . . . . 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarry town. 

Walden 

Waterf ord . 
Waverly. . . 
Wellsviile. . 



Whitehall. 



12.9 










87.1 


100.0 


43.0 


1.4 






1.4 


54.2 


100.0 


23.8 




.9 






75.3 


100.0 


37.4 








.5 


62.1 


100.0 


20.5 










79.5 


100.0 


37.9 


1.1 








61.0 


100.0 


45.3 








1.3 


63.4 


100.0 


35.0 




1.0 




6.0 


68.0 


100.0 


22.0 










78.0 


100.0 


34.4 




.5 






65.1 


100.0 


29.2 


1.3 








69.5 


100.0 


31.6 










68.4 


100.0 


26.7 


.9 


.9 




.9 


70.6 


100.0 


29.4 


.4 


.4 






69.8 


100.0 


27.9 










72.1 


100.0 


37.3 










62.7 


100.0 


20.0 








2.5 


77.5 


100.0 


25.3 


.7 








74.0 


100.0 


37.0 








1.0 


62.0 


100.0 


11.2 










88.8 


100.0 


8.2 










91.8 


100.0 


30.6 










69.4 


100.0 


12.5 










87.5 


100.0 


40.7 




i.i 




1.1 


57.1 


100.0 


15.1 










84.9 


100.0 


45.0 










55.0 


100.0 


15.9 










84.1 


100.0 


21.7 










78.3 


100.0 


7.7 










92.3 


100.0 


14.0 








.3 


85.7 


100.0 


14.1 










85.9 


100.0 


44.5 


1.8 


1.8 




1.8 


50.1 


100.0 


18.3 










81.7 


100.0 


33.8 










66.2 


100.0 


42.7 










57.3 


100.0 


17.2 










82.8 


100.0 


41.1 










48.9 


100.0 


23.6 




1.1 






75.3 


100.0 


34.5 










65.5 


100.0 


15.7 




1.1 






83.2 


100.0 


37.1 










62.9 


100.0 



OuE Boys 



315 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Number of Jobs Held 

TABLE No. 18-A — CITIES OVER 25.000 



CITIES 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10+ 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 




23.7 
14.6 
21.1 
22.5 
19.4 

26.0 
16.8 
23.3 
27.4 
19.5 

31.9 
18.0 
21.2 
22.8 
20.5 

28.1 
18.8 
22.7 
19.2 
24.6 

23.0 

23.6 


29.4 
26.4 
27.5 
30.1 
25.3 

30.6 
20.7 
28.2 
30.8 

28.2 

29.9 
27.0 
28.1 
26.8 
24.4 

34.9 
26.5 
27.9 
28.6 
13.8 

27.6 

25.7 


22.0 
26.4 
22.5 
26.0 
23.1 

22.0 
26.2 
24.4 
24.6 
23.7 

17.1 
22.9 
25.2 
25.4 
24.5 

17.5 
22.5 
23.9 
22.7 
26.8 

22.3 

22.8 


10.3 
15.0 
12.7 
9.6 
13.0 

10.4 
14.3 
13.5 
7.1 
13.2 

8.9 
13.7 
11.3 
10.7 
14.0 

7.6 
11.6 
10.7 
13.0 
17.8 

10.0 

12.1 


4.6 
6.7 
7.6 
5.8 
7.0 

4.9 
8.9 

4.7 
4.9 
5.7 

5.0 
6.5 

5.8 
3.7 

7.7 

2.9 
5.4 
6.0 

7.4 
6.4 

6.1 

6.4 


3.0 
3.5 
3.3 
3.7 
4.1 

2.1 
3.6 
2.7 
2.4 
2.6 

3.3 
3.4 
3.6 
4.2 
2.9 

3.1 

4.2 
3.0 
2.6 

4.8 

4.4 
3.3 


1.4 
1.9 
1.0 
1.4 
2.3 

.8 
2.6 
1.2 

.8 
1.7 

1.6 
1.3 
.8 
1.7 
1.5 

1.4 
2.4 
1.1 
1.7 
1.6 

1.9 

1.5 


1.6 
1.7 
1.7 
.3 
1.7 

.7 
2.1 
1.0 

"2!3 

.4 
1.8 

.4 
1.8 
1.6 

1.4 
1.6 
1.2 

.8 
.4 

1.6 

1.0 


1.2 

1.7 

.5 

.3 

4.1 

.4 
4.8 

"".3 
.5 

1.9 
5.4 
3.6 
1.1 

.5 

1.3 
7.0 

.8 
4.0 
3.8 

3.1 

1.2 


2.8 
2.1 
2.1 
0.3 

2.1 

1.7 

2.6 

"i!8 
2.4 

1.8 

"2'.7 

2.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


2,542 




810 




829 


Binghamton 

Buffalo 


1.356 
11,257 


F.lmirft. , 


971 




838 


Kingston 


553 




867 


Newburgh 


700 


New Rochelle 

Niagara Falls 


760 

1,147 

546 


Poughkeepsie 


698 
6,322 


Schenectady 

Syracuse 


1,821 
3,874 


Troy 


1.658 


Utica 


2.241 




669 




2.241 


New York 


124.795 



TABLE No. 18-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove 

Glens Falls 

Gloversville 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 

Johnstown 

Lackawanna. . . . 

Little Falls 

Lockport 

Mechanicville. . 

Middletown . . . , 
No. Tonawanda 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsburg 

Port Jervis .... 
Rensselaer 



18.4 


28.7 


25.3 


13,0 


5.9 


20.9 


29.4 


20.4 


14.3 


6.0 


23.6 


20.8 


29.0 


9.6 


4,2 


15.0 


27.9 


26.0 


14.3 


7.0 


39.0 


36.3 


15.3 


5.3 


1.3 


18.9 


24.3 


31.6 


8.9 


6.2 


27.4 


29.3 


20.2 


10.7 


5.0 


17.5 


24.8 


18.9 


16.0 


8.1 


29.3 


34.2 


22.4 


7.5 


4.1 


32.6 


24.3 


21.8 


8.1 


2.9 


22.9 


28,8 


16.6 


13.7 


7.9 


19.1 


27.0 


25.8 


11.8 


7.5 


30.5 


34.5 


20.9 


6.5 


4.7 


21.7 


29.7 


29.1 


10.2 


2.1 


23.1 


30.9 


27.0 


10.7 


3.5 


18.8 


27.1 


22.6 


11.0 


7.3 


25.3 


35.3 


16.3 


10.0 


5.7 


20.7 


27.2 


20. & 


16.3 


6.5 


17.9 


27.9 


25,4 


10.3 


6.6 


23.0 


34.5 


20.6 


8.5 


7.1 


15.7 


32.4 


23.5 


11.1 


6.5 


17.8 


25.8 


25.8 


10.4 


8.8 


29.6 


33.0 


18.7 


6.6 


4.4 


21.8 


24.5 


19.9 


10.6 


7.4 


20.2 


29.8 


28.1 


13.8 


3.4 


25.2 


26.0 


21.2 


16.4 


4.0 


23.3 


33.8 


19.4 


7.7 


5.1 


14.3 


31.4 


21.2 


14.3 


7.3 


30.4 


29.7 


24.2 


5.7 


4.4 


31.8 


27.2 


22.7 


10.5 


4.2 



2.7 


.6 


1.1 


4.3 




2,0 


2.0 


2.0 




3.0 


4.2 


1.6 


2.8 




4.2 


3.4 


1.9 


.9 


.4 


3.2 


1.5 


1.3 

1.5 








2.9 


.9 


4.8 




3.2 


1.3 


.2 


2.7 




6.2 


1.2 


2.7 


4.6 




2.5 










3.7 




3.7 


2.9 




4.4 


1.5 


2.7 




1.5 


3.3 


1.8 


1.2 


.7 


1.8 


.7 




1.5 




.7 


2,1 


1.5 


1.5 




2.1 


3.5 






1.3 

.8 


2.1 


4.8 


3.4 


2.1 


3.0 


.7 


1.2 


2.5 




2.0 


2.6 


1.3 


2.6 




3,2 


2.7 


1.5 


4.5 




3.7 


1.3 






1.3 

4.1 


3.5 


1.6 


1.6 


3.5 


1.3 


.4 


6.2 




4.4 


1.1 


1.1 


1.1 




4.1 


4.1 


2.8 




4.8 


1.9 


1.4 


.9 


.5 






.1.6 


.8 


4.8 




5.7 


1.9 


.6 


2.5 




2.3 


3.5 


1.7 


2.3 


1.7 


1.2 


.6 


1.2 


.6 


2.0 


.9 


1 .9 




.9 


.9 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100,0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 

247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



316 



Ode, Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Eni'ployed Bays 

Number of Jobs Held 
TABLE No. 18-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 



























Popu- 
























Total 


lation 


CITIES 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10+ 


per 

cent 


of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Home 


20.8 


30.1 


25.3 


11.3 


7.1 


2.7 


.3 


.9 


1.5 




100.0 


528 


Salamanca, 


22.9 


36.7 


21.4 


7.4 


6.7 


1.4 


1.4 


.7 


1.4 




100.0 


189 


Saratoga Springs .... 


27.4 


26.7 


19.7 


12.8 


3.6 


4.2 


1.3 




1.3 


3.0 


100.0 


289 


Tonawanda 


16.0 


29.1 


23.4 


14.8 


6.2 


6.2 


1.8 




2.5 




100.0 


230 


Watervliet 


24.4 


32.5 


24.4 


5.8 


4.8 


3.9 




1.3 


1.0 


1.9 


100.0 


393 


White Plains 


30.8 


26.3 


19.5 


10.7 


4.7 


2.7 


2.3 


2.3 


.7 




100.0 


457 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. IS-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport. . . 
Hastings . . . 
Havers traw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer. . . 



Hoosick Falls . 
Hudson Falls . 
Hiontington. . . 

nion 

Johnson City . 



Lancaster . . . 
Lawrence. . . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. 
Massena .... 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarry town. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue. . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan . . . 
Port Chester. 



Port Washington. 
Rockville Center . 
Saranac Lake. . . . 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown . 
Walden . . . 
Waterf ord . 
Waverlv . . . 
Wellsville. . 



33.1 


16.9 


23.4 


18.9 


25.8 


20.2 


22.1 


19.4 


33.1 


34.0 


34.5 


17.6 


19.3 


21.7 


26.5 


36.9 


22.1 


20.0 


32.0 


26.6 


18.3 


27.4 


35.4 


21.4 


41.9 


15.0 


22.4 


22.1 


25.8 


16.1 


25.4 


37.2 


20.1 


26.9 


21.6 


19.7 


24.1 


23.1 


25.0 


22.5 


29.9 


19.6 


26.2 


26.8 


23.2 


13.3 


35.0 


23.7 


35.4 


12.9 


32.9 


17.4 


29.4 


19.1 


21.0 


31.0 


24.0 


19.1 


36.4 


21.1 


18.8 


21.2 


15.3 


23.7 


18.0 


20.8 


30.4 


26.0 


20.5 


28.0 


22.5 


21.5 


27.6 


33.9 


24.0 


35.0 


20.0 


5.0 


22.9 


23.0 


17.7 


31.1 


31.9 


18.9 


26.9 


19.3 


26.9 


22.7 


33.6 


23.7 


27.8 


26.6 


24.0 


28.1 


29.9 


20.6 


25.2 


22.2 


18.1 


18.5 


18.5 


26.7 


17.1 


36.6 


20.7 


45.6 


22.8 


14.6 


20.8 


35.3 


14.2 


24,0 


24.0 


21.8 


22.1 


27.6 


18.4 


23.8 


29.4 


26.1 


27.6 


29.4 


22.5 



7.3 


4.0 


7.3 


4.0 




4.0 




7.7 


9.1 


6.3 


6.3 


2.1 




3.6 


12.0 


2.9 


3.8 


1.0 


1.0 


4.7 




6.8 


3.1 


1.1 




1.1 


.7 


1.1 


6.0 


10.8 


1.2 


1.2 




13.3 




9.4 


1.1 


6.4 


1.0 


1.0 




2.1 


^'>. 8 


7.3 
3.3 


3.0 
3.3 










5.3 




1.3 


1.3 


1.3 


10.1 


2.7 
9.1 


5.2 
3.8 






2.7 
5.4 




11.8 


2.1 


3.8 


4 


5.3 

9.5 


6.7 
3.4 


"i^s 


1.3 
2.4 






11,5 


1.3 


2.4 


8,5 


5.7 


5.7 


1.0 


1.0 


2.0 


3.9 


10,6 


8.3 


2.9 


2.9 


1.8 


1.1 


.4 


14.5 


5.8 


2.3 




.6 


.6 




8.1 


10.3 


3.6 


2.0 


1.2 


2.8 




10 4 


2.8 

5.4 


2.8 
10.0 


2.8 
3.1 








7,8 




3.1 


4.7 


7.0 


12.0 


1.0 




1.0 




3.0 


6.8 


2.6 


3.8 


3.8 


1.6 




4.8 


20.0 


6.9 


8.2 




2.4 


8.2 




18.0 


11.1 
3.3 


4.2 

4.1 


4.2 
1.8 








10,4 


.9 


2.6 




14,7 


3.7 


1.5 


2.7 




2.7 


2.7 


7.2 


4.1 


.8 


.8 




1.6 




5 


20.0 
7.0 


5.0 

2.7 






10.0 
8.0 


"8.6 


8 


2.7 




10 1 


2.5 


1.3 


.8 


2.i 


1.3 




19 3 


3.8 
4.9 










3.8 


10.4 


1.9 


.6 


.6 


1.6 


9 9 


4.7 
2.1 


3.5 
3.9 








3.5 


9.5 


2.0 




3.9 


9.9 


"9.7 
7.3 


7.9 
2.8 
4.9 


8.8 






7.9 
7.0 


16 8 






6.1 


6.1 




1.2 


8.6 


2.8 
6.3 

8.2 


2.8 
3.0 
3.7 




2.8 






15 2 




5.2 

4.8 


7.0 


3.7 


1.4 


1.4 


14,8 


3.8 


7.5 




3.8 


2.0 




8.2 


5.7 
6.1 


3.4 
5.1 






3.4 


1.6 


4.3 


3.4 











100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



Our Boys 



317 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

The Length of Time on Present Job 

TABLE No. 19-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


3 
mos. 


G 
mos. 


8 
mos. 


12 

mos. 


15 
mos. 


18 
mos. 


21 
mos. 


2 

yrs. 


3 

yrs. 


4 
yrs. 


5 
yrs. 

or 
more 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Albany 

Amsterdam . . . 
Auburn 


30.4 
33.1 
40.0 
34.5 
40.6 

40.6 
50.9 
22.5 
40.4 
38.9 

40.8 
47.8 
35.1 
37.2 
35.6 

26.6 
39.0 
41.0 
40.0 
53.6 

48.6 

39.0 


23.5 
18.7 
18.7 
23.6 
21.1 

21.1 
20.4 
25.8 
22.0 
31.1 

19.5 
18.2 
21.6 
21.1 
21.3 

24.8 
23.1 
17.1 
21.5 
22.2 

22.5 

17.6 


10.6 
10.1 

8.8 
10.0 

5.9 

5.8 
3.1 

13.1 
9.9 

10.1 

7.4 
2.1 
8.8 
9.1 
9.3 

9.4 
9.9 
8.2 
9.9 
6.4 

5.0 

8.0 


9,8 

12.3 

11.4 

9.0 

9.0 

8.8 
5.2 
14.4 
9.7 
4.1 

10.7 
8.1 

12.1 
9.1 
9.5 

12.5 
8.6 

10.0 
9.4 
5.8 

9.0 

10.4 


4.8 
3.1 
4.0 
2.6 
8.6 

8.4 
5.4 
5.0 
2.7 
1.6 

2.5 
8.1 
1.9 
2.7 
3.9 

5.2 
2.2 
4.0 
1.9 
1.2 

4.0 

3.4 


5.1 
5.3 
5.7 
7.3 
10.7 

10.6 

7.2 
6.8 
5.2 
4.8 

16.6 
8.9 
6.4 
5.0 
5.2 

7.8 
6.0 
5.0 
5.5 
4.0 

10.5 

6.6 


1.3 

.8 

.8 

1.1 


7.5 
9.7 
8.3 
7.3 


4.5 
5.3 
2.3 
2.5 
3.3 

3.1 
1.0 

4.1 
2.2 
2.5 


1.7 
1.6 


.8 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100. 

100.0 


2,542 
810 
829 


Binghamton. . . 
Buffalo 


1.1 
1.8 

' 'i!8 


1.0 

.8 

1.6 

" ".3 
.5 

2.5 
1.1 
1.0 

.8 
.5 


1,356 
11 257 


Elmira 






971 


Jamestown. . . . 

Kingston 

Mt. Vernon. . . 
Newburgh .... 

New Rochelle . 


1.4 

" ".2 
.5 


4.4 
6.5 

7.4 
4.1 


838 
553 
857 
700 

760 


Niagara Falls.. 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie. . 
Kochester 

Schenectady.. . 
S.yracuae 


1.1 
.7 
.9 

1.3 

1.1 
.2 

1.2 

"".2 


1.7 
10.0 

7.5 
9.1 

6.4 
9.3 
8.2 
8.3 
3.8 


2.9 
2.1 
3.7 

3.8 

4.2 
1.7 
3.6 
3.0 

2.8 

.2 
3.2 


"l.3 

2.9 

.5 

2.0 


1,147 
546 
698 

6,322 

1,821 
3,874 


Troy 


.9 
.5 


.8 


1 658 




2 241 


Watertown 


669 


Yonkers 


1.0 


.2 
.5 


2 241 


New York 


.7 


9.5 


124,795 



TABLE No. 19-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. . 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove .... 

Glens Falls. . . . 
Gloversville . . . 

Hornell 

Hudson ". . 

Ithaca 

Johnstown .... 
Lackawanna. . . 
Little Falls.... 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . 

Middletown. . . 
No.Tonawanda 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg . . . 
Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsburg .... 
Port Jervis. . . . 
Rensselaer .... 



48.1 
35.4 
33.4 
37.4 
34.4 

40.2 
46.3 
42.9 

37.8 
25.3 

26.5 
36.8 
31.5 
40.2 
44.6 

40.5 
38.8 
34.7 
54.1 
46.3 

43.2 
47.8 
36.8 
46.8 
49.2 

39.2 
38.7 
38.0 
46.9 
44.3 



21.3 
19.9 
18.2 
19.5 
17.4 

19.0 
17.7 
22.8 
19.8 
15.0 

25.4' 
20.8 
19.3 
25.6 
20.1 

20.2 
24.3 
26.7 
16.8 
16.0 

19.5 
21.2 
12.6 
16.8 
15.2 

24.8 
20.6 
31.6 
17.9 
10.6 



4.8 

11.0 

10.0 

7.9 

9.3 

9.7 
2.5 
7.6 
8.5 
11.6 

19.0 
7.7 

10.3 
8.5 
6.5 



8.5 
3.2 
17.0 
5.6 
2.2 

8.0 
9.9 
5.8 
5.6 
6.9 



7.4 

8.6 

12.7 

10.2 

12.8 

13.0 
12.6 
11.6 
8.5 
13.2 

8.5 
10.9 
12.6 

4.3 
10.2 

7.4 
13.0 
13.1 

6.7 
13.1 

8.1 

8.9 

11.4 



9.2 
13.4 

8.0 
15.3 



5.8 
2.5 
1.8 
2.5 
2.6 



8.7 
1.8 
1.6 
4.7 

3.9 
4.1 
4.9 
1.1 
3.7 

1.6 
10.8 



4.2 
8.0 
1.5 

io^g 



2.9 
3.3 



9 n 






2.1 

• 6.4 


1.4 


1 5 


6.4 


.9 




7.5 




5.9 


1.8 


10.0 


3.1 


3.1 




6.V 


.4 


8.8 


4.8 


1.4 


.4 


6.0 




10.6 


5.6 


1.3 




3 7 


1.0 
1.7 


11.7 
2.0 


1.7 
2 






7.7 




.6 


2.8 


1.2 


7.2 


.7 


.7 


.7 


8.9 




9.4 


3.7 


.6 


1.2 


7.2 




14.0 


3.0 


3.0 


3.0 


6.2 




4.5 


3.3 


2.7 




6.4 


.6 


7.3 


2.7 


2.7 




5.2 


2.1 


10.3 


3.0 


.8 




2.3 


1.7 


8.4 


3.7 


4.2 




4.2 


.8 


4.8 


3.7 


1.4 




7.4 




7.4 


6.0 


2.8 




6 1 




3.0 

5.9 








6.5 


7.2 




.7 


8.0 


2.5 


.7 


2.5 




1.1 


5 8 


1.2 


9.2 
4.2 


2.8 
3.8 






5.7 


1.6 




7.6 


.9 




1.5 




.9 


4.8 




7.0 


4.8 


2.6 


1.5 


8.2 




7.6 


3.7 


2.4 




112 


.4 

■■2;5 


9.6 
6.3 


2.7 

4.0 
.7 
3.3 
1.9 
3.8 






4.8 






9.2 






4 6 






9.2 




10.5 
13.2 






5.9 







100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100. 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



26S 
271 
116 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

24^ 
243 
205 
211 
209 



318 



OuK Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

The Length op Time on Present Job 
TABLE No. 19-B — CITIES UNDER 2b, Qm — {Concluded) 

























5 

or 

more 




Popu- 


CITIES 


3 

mos. 


6 
mos. 


9 
mos. 


12 
mos. 


15 
mos. 


18 
mos. 


21 
mos. 


2 
yrs. 


3 

yrs. 


4 
yrs. 


Total 
per 
cent 


lation 
of em- 
ployed 




























boys 


Rome 


36.5 


20.4 


13.3 


11.2 


1.8 


4.5 


.7 


8.3 


1.8 




1.5 


100.0 


528 




45.1 
50.5 


18.4 
10.5 


1.1 

4.1 


8.4 
11.6 


7.1 


11.8 
5.2 


3.7 


ii'.b 


4.4 
4.1 






100.0 
100.0 


189 


Saratoga Spgs . 






289 


Tonawanda . . . 


43.2 


19.7 


1.8 


9.9 


9.9 


8.6 


i.8 


3.1 


1.0 




1.0 


100.0 


230 


Watervhet. . . . 


41.2 


16.1 


9.2 


9.8 


1.6 


5.4 




10.0 


5.7 


i.6 




100.0 


393 


White Plains. . 


43.3 


25.3 


6.4 


7.3 


2.8 


10.5 






2.0 




2.4 


100.0 


457 



VILLAGES 



TABLE No. 19-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 





46.1 
56.6 
42.6 
41.2 
53.3 

43.9 

48.2 
34.0 
28.1 
37.3 

44.0 

53.6 
36.4 
40.3 
39.5 

34.6 
38.2 
39.1 
53.9 
65.0 

61.0 
46.7 
46.4 
51.2 
43.6 

55.0 
33.5 
38.2 
36.2 
36.8 

28.3 
35.9 
50.9 
41.8 
30.5 

20.4 
35.4 
47.7 
62.8 
64.6 

53.0 


20.1 
10.6 
30.7 
18.3 
26.7 

16.5 

15.2 
23.8 
13.3 

22.8 

6.7 
17.9 
19.3 
26.6 
21.5 

28.7 
20.7 
15.1 
12.9 
13.1 

8.6 
13.3 
21.4 
13.9 
25.2 

15.0 
28.2 
26.0 
20.8 

27.8 

15.4 
17.3 
7.9 
17.8 
26.9 

14.7 
22.0 
18.5 
25.4 
15.1 

20.2 


5.0 
3.0 
5.6 

1.4 

5.9 
4.3 
5.1 
6.1 
13.7 

"'5.& 
13.4 
10.9 

8.2 

3.3 

13.1 

13.6 

3.9 

2.8 

3.9 
6.5 

5.8 
3.6 
6.0 

"s^o 

6.4 
9.2 
4.0 

6.4 
11.7 

9.8 
10.7 
14.6 

11.8 
7.6 
3.9 
3.6 
3.8 

2.8 


13.7 
10.6 
11.4 
14.1 
8.6 

9.1 

9.8 

15.4 

25.7 

12.0 

13.3 
7.6 
12.5 
10.6 
12.8 

7.8 
3.1 
6.9 
5.9 
11.1 

12.2 
9.2 
5.0 

12.9 
6.0 

10.0 
4.7 
8.9 

16.9 
4.9 

16.4 

15.4 

5.8 

7.9 

8.5 

14.7 
8.7 
7.2 
3.6 

12.9 

11.4 


4.1 
2.7 
5.0 

"2'.8 
2.2 

'"2'.9 

10.7 
1.5 
3.3 
2.9 
4.1 

12.2 
3.1 
3.8 

2.8 

"2'.2 
1.9 
1.1 
3.5 

"5!7 
2.9 


20.1 
6.0 
4.1 
2.7 
3.7 

3.8 
6.7 
8.8 
3.6 
2.9 

■■2!6 
1.5 
2.9 
1.7 

7.8 
6.6 
6.9 
6.9 
7.0 

18.1 
3.7 

14.3 
8.1 

15.7 

10.0 

8.0 

16.4 












100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100. 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


165 


Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 




7.8 


2.2 
4.1 
1.9 


2.2 




96 

148 




12.2 


1.3 


"i'.i 


164 
95 


Freeport 


1.7 
17.3 


12.2 
12.5 

9.7 
23.2 

3.3 

4.0 
8.7 
7.9 
3.6 
9.3 

.9 

10.6 

6.1 

6.9 

5.0 


6.9 
1.5 
1.0 




204 






165 








120 


Hempstead. . . . 
Herkimer 

Hoosick Falls. . 






140 


1.6 

"2'.6 
3.3 
2.2 
2.9 

4.7 
5.6 
5.4 
2.9 
6.0 

6.2 
5.0 
1.9 
2.3 


2.9 

2.7 


1.3 


24S 

120 
108 


Huntington . . . 




2.4 


62 
21S 


Johnson City. . 






153 






134 








28 


Malone 

Mamaroneek. . 


3.1 
3.9 




163 
153 
111 








128 






13.4 






136 


No. Tarrytown 
Nyack 




3.3 


90 




7.0 


72 






217 


Owego 

Patchogue .... 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan 

Port Chester. . 

Port Washing- 




10.0 
5.7 








72 


4.7 




1.5 
1.2 


107 

292 




16.9 

14.1 
4.3 
5.8 
8.0 
4.9 






72 


3.0 

3.9 
4.3 


20.5 

11.6 
4.3 


.6 

3.9 
2.5 


.9 


.6 


.9 


388 
56 


Rockville Ctr. 
Saranao Lake.. 
Seneca Falls. . . 
Solvay 

Tarrytown. . . . 

Walden 

Waterford 

Waverl/ 

Wellsville 

Whitehall 


4.3 
14.0 

"2;4 

3.3 
8.7 
3.9 
5.5 
1.5 






137 


5.8 
2.2 




100 


3.6 
6.1 

3.3 
1.9 
1.6 

' 'i!5 


8.6 
6.1 

31.8 
3.0 
9.5 
5.5 

10.6 

4.5 




147 
157 






85 




9.8 
6.1 
3.6 


3.0 
1.6 




144 

68 

115 






73 




8.1 






118 











Our Boys 



319 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Why Boys Liked Their Jobs 
table no. 20-a — cities over 25,000 























Popu- 




Learn 






Good 


Ad- 


Inter- 
esting 


Mis- 


Don't 


Total 


lation 


CITIES 


a 


Easy 


Clean 


vance- 


cella- 


like 


per 


of em- 




trade 








ment 


neous 


it 


cent 


ployed 






















boys 


Albany 


6.5 


10.9 


1.4 


10.8 


12.9 


39.1 


8.0 


10.4 


100.0 


2,542 


Amsterdam .... 


3.8 


22.4 


4.4 


12.2 


5.6 


19.2 


19.8 


12.6 


100.0 


810 


Auburn 


6.8 


11.4 


1.9 


14.7 


7.3 


18.5 


28.2 


11.2 


100.0 


829 


Binghamton . . . 


3.6 


15.5 


2.9 


17.3 


4.7 


13.1 


31.2 


11.7 


100.0 


1,356 


Buffalo 


5.0 


34.8 


1.3 


9.1 


11.5 


25.3 


1.4 


11.6 


100.0 


11,257 


Elmira 


6.0 


7.6 


2.8 


9.1 


4.2 


11.6 


46.0 


12.7 


100.0 


971 


Jamestown .... 


1.8 


17.8 


13.7 


4.7 


5.4 


41.3 


3.0 


12.3 


100.0 


838 


Kingston 


5.5 


16.2 


.5 


17.1 


4.2 


35.5 


9.9 


11.1 


100.0 


553 


Mt. Vernon 


9.4 


25.5 


2.3 


8.2 


13.9 


26.9 


.4 


13.4 


100.0 


857 


Newburgh 


7.7 


10.3 


1.4 


26.3 


6.9 


35.6 


2.9 


8.9 


100.0 


700 


New Rochelle. . 


.5 


20.3 


.2 


4.3 


15.7 


43.8 


4.3 


10.9 


100.0 


760 


Niagara Falls . . 


6.1 


30.2 


.6 


12.9 


10.8 


26.5 


1.0 


11.9 


100.0 


1,147 


Oswego 


10.4 


18.6 


1.7 


23.6 




34.6 


1.4 


9.7 


100.0 


646 


Poughkeepsie . . 


17.6 


20.3 


.7 


9.5 


6.2 


36.3 


1.9 


7.5 


100.0 


698 


Rochester 


8.3 


9.9 


2.5 


9.0 


8.1 


24.5 


29.6 


8.1 


100.0 


6,322 


Schenectady . . . 


6.5 


9.7 


.6 


7.8 


9.5 


48.2 


2.3 


14.9 


100.0 


1,821 


Syracuse 


14.8 


13.2 


4.2 


18.6 




42.4 


.4 


6.4 


100.0 


3,874 


Troy 


6.3 

12.7 
7.2 


16.7 
15.1 
26.2 


2.0 
1.6 
3.4 


18.8 
20.5 
16.0 


9.8 

.1 

40.4 


11.9 
43.1 


26.8 
.6 
.2 


7.7 
6.3 
6.6 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


1,658 


Utica 


2,241 


Watertown .... 


669 


Yonkers 


1.0 


25.3 


1.4 


9.6 


15.5 


30.3 


.6 


16.3 


100.0 


2,241 


New York 


7.0 


20.2 


1.3 


6.7 


19.7 


26.8 


7.3 


11.0 


100.0 


124,795 



TABLE 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua. . 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen Cove. . . . 

Glens Falls . . . 
Gloversville . . . 

Hornell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 

JohiLstown .... 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls . . . 

Lockport 

Meohanicville. 

Middletown. . . 
No. Tonawanda 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg. . . 
Olean 



Oneida 

Oneonta. . . . 

Plattsburg. , 
Port Jervis . 
Rensselaer. 




CITIES UNDER 25,000 



43.4 

30.1 

13.7 

9.5 



1.0 
20.0 
31.5 
30.2 



10.3 23.4 

37.3 
30.9 
29.4 
12.9 
19.7 

47.4 
28.2 
19.4 
34.8 
47.2 

38.2 
42.1 
27.4 
32.4 
2.9 

10.6 
17.0 
23.1 
36.6 
47.1 

33.6 

35.0 

42.3 
8.0 31.4 
7.4 24.7 



14.5 

10.0 

6.8 

9.5 

15.0 

14.7 
7.8 

14.6 
2.6 

27.3 

11.6 
11.1 
9.0 
11.6 
10.0 



9.1 
4.6 
9.7 
11.6 

12.5 
8.8 
9.9 

19.6 
7.7 

5.6 
14.4 
10.1 
8.7 
9.5 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 

247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 

425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



320' 



Our Bots 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Why Boys Liked Their Jobs 
TABLE No. 20-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — {Concluded) 



CITIES 


Learn 
a 

trade 


Easy 


Clean 


Good 
wages 


Ad- 
vance- 
ment 


Inter- 
esting 


Mis- 
cella- 
neous 


Don't 

like 

it 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 


Rome 

Salamanca 

Saratoga Spgs. . 
Tonawanda. . . . 
Watervliet 

White Plains... 


12.2 
6.0 
3.5 
3.7 

9.7 


14.6 
22.0 

5.8 
22.8 

8.6 

33.2 


.8 
2.7 
6.4 

'is'.s 

2.0 


28.7 

16.7 

1.2 

9.3 

11.2 


"8'.7 
6.9 
6.2 

2.7 

8.4 


38.1 
36.6 
11.6 

43.8 
21.2 

30.8 


"52.5 

1.2 

31.4 

2.4 


7.6 

7.3 

12.1 

13.0 

8.1 

12.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 
189 
-289 
230 
393 

457 



VILLAGES 

Albion . 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 

Freeport 

Hastings 

Haverstraw . . . . 
Hempstead . . . . 
Herkimer 

Hoosick Falls . . 
Hudson Falls. . 
Huntington . . . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City . . 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Malone 

Mamaroneok. . . 
Massena 

Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarry town. 

Nyack 

Ossining 

Owego 

Patchogue 

Peeksldll 

Penn Yan .... 
Port Chester. . 

Port Washing 

ton 

Rockville Ctr. 
Saranac Lake. 
Seneca Falls . . 
Solvay 

Tarry town .... 

Walden 

Waterford. . . . 

Waver ly 

Wellsville 

Whitehall 



TABLE No. 20-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



3.2 


51.6 




3.2 


6.5 


12.9 




22.6 


100.0 


4.2 


11.1 


12.5 




4.2 


6.9 


48.6 


12.5 


100.0 


5.5 


34.9 




32.1 


1.8 


17.4 




8.3 


100.0 


1.9 


8.9 


3.3 


24.2 


4.7 


12.6 


31.3 


13.1 


100.0 


2.4 


43.4 




30.1 


1.2 


16.9 




6.0 


100.0 


1.1 


11.6 




6.3 


21.1 


32.6 


14.7 


12.6 


100.0 


1.3 


17.8 


1.4 


2.8 


17.8 


27,4 


20.5 


11.0 


100.0 


1.0 


28.0 


22.0 




9.0 


10.0 


18.0 


12.0 


100.0 




.53.7 




2.4 


2.4 


12.2 




29.3 


100.0 


7.0 


22.0 


2.7 


25.8 




33.3 


.5 


8.7 


100.0 


6.7 


13.3 


32.0 


1.3 


5.3 


5.3 


28.0 


8.1 


100.0 


6.0 


7.1 


34.7 




8.2 


11.2 


16.4 


16.4 


100.0 


10.1 


37.6 


1.9 


7.3 


8.3 


21.1 


1.8 


11.9 


100.0 


4.4 


16.7 


3.3 


24.2 




41.6 




9.8 


100.0 


6.4 


12.8 


1.2 


31.9 




41.3 




6.4 


100.0 


4.5 


21.6 


1.5 


15.7 


7.5 


44.7 


1.5 


3.0 


100.0 


5.0 


65.0 




7.5 


2.5 


10.0 




10.0 


100.0 


3.0 


17.1 


1.5 


11.2 


3.0 


29.1 


10.5 


24.6 


100.0 


2.0 


2.0 




14.0 


6.0 


17.0 


40.0 


19.0 


100.0 


9.2 


7.1 


43.9 




1.0 




29.6 


9.2 


100.0 


1.2 


48.2 


2.4 


8.2 


1.2 


21.2 




17.6 


100.0 


8.3 


23.7 




8.3 


2.8 


13.9 


31.9 


11.1 


100.0 




40.6 


.8 


5.5 


14.9 


21.9 




16.3 


100.0 


17.6 


8.8 


5.5 




8.8 


6.5 


44.0 


8.8 


100.0 


.6 


17.1 


3.2 


6.3 


20.2 


43.1 




9.5 


100.0 


10.0 


20.0 


5.0 


20.0 




40.0 




5.0 


100.0 


7.5 


40.5 


2.1 


2.1 


6.4 


29.8 


i.i 


10.5 


100.0 


.8 


26.8 


3.3 


19.7 


5.0 


31.8 


2.1 


10.5 


100.0 


7.7 


19.3 


7.7 


11.5 




3.8 


38.6 


11.5 


100.0 


1.0 


28.8 


2.6 


11.7 


9.7. 


36.8 


2.3 


7.1 


100.0 


1.3 


2.6 




17.9 


2.6 


34.6 


11.5 


29.5 


100.0 


1.9 


22.2 


3.7 


3.7 


24.1 


29.6 




14.8 


100.0 


2.0 


14.3 


10,2 






6.1 


36.8 


30.6 


100.0 


8.4 


11.3 


1.4 


9.8 


1.4 


24.0 


32.4 


11.3 


100.0 


7.3 


23.2 


1.2 


11.0 




53.6 




3.7 


100.0 




22.9 


2.9 




11.4 


48.6 


5.7 


8.5 


100.0 


7.8 


26.7 


1.1 


8.9 


3.3 


35.6 


5.5 


11.1 


100.0 


3.4 


18.0 


4.5 


5.6 


3.4 


24.7 


34.8 


5.6 


100.0 


10.9 


1.8 


3.6 


31.0 




45.5 




7.2 


100.0 


4.5 


24.7 


1.1 


19.1 


3.3 


36.0 




11.3 


100.0 


4.3 


1.7 


45.7 




8.6 


1.7 


24.2 


13.8 


100.0 



OuK Boys 



321 



Albany 

Amsterdam . . 

Auburn 

Binghamton . 
Buffalo 



Elmira 

Jamestown . 
Kingston. . . 
Mt. Vernon. 
Newburgh. . 



New Rochelle. 
Niagara Falls. 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie . 
Rochester .... 



Schenectady. 
Syracuse .... 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown. . 



Yonkers . . . 
New York. 



Batavia 

Beacon. 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland. . 
Dunkirk . . 
Fulton .... 
Geneva . . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls. 
Gloversville . 
Hornell .... 
Hudson. . . . 
Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls. . . 

Lockport 

Mechanic ville. 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Percent Filling Out Application Blank 



TABLE No. 21-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 



Middletown .... 
No. Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg .... 
Olean 



TABLE No. 21-B — 



32.9 


12.6 


54.5 


100.0 


2.542 


12.2 


2.0 


85.8 


100.0 


810 


37.5 


3.5 


59.0 


100.0 


829 


14.9 


13.4 


71.7 


100.0 


1,356 


41.8 


3.9 


54.3 


100.0 


11,257 


13.8 


36.6 


49.6 


100.0 


971 


26.7 


6.8 


66.5 


100.0 


838 


8.8 


1.7 


89.5 


100.0 


553 


32.0 


8.2 


59.8 


100.0 


857 


34.9 


2.7 


62.4 


100.0 


700 


27.1 


8.2 


64.7 


100.0 


760 


34.5 


3.1 


62.4 


100.0 


1,147 


30.8 


2.9 


66.3 


100.0 


546 


20.3 


4.7 


75.0 


100.0 


698 


44.2 


6.7 


49.1 


100.0 


6,322 


63.0 


3.7 


33.3 


100.0 


1,821 


35.8 


5.2 


59.0 


100.0 


3,874 


22.9 


5.9 


71.2 


100.0 


1,658 


29.7 


5.2 


65.1 


100.0 


2,241 


48.6 


3.8 


47.6 


100.0 


669 


28.2 


8.1 


63.7 


100.0 


2,241 


32.9 


12.6 


54.5 


100.0 


124,795 


-CIT 


[ES UND 


ER 25,000 




26.3 


0.5 


73.2 


100.0 


269 


15.1 


3.9 


81.0 


100.0 


278 


17.9 


2.9 


79.2 


100.0 


111 


19.6 


1.5 


78.9 


100.0 


561 


65.4 


0.3 


34.3 


100.0 


322 


6.0 


6.0 


88.0 


100.0 


235 


60.1 


1.3 


38.6 


100.0 


414 


10.3 


1.5 


88.2 


100.0 


262 


41.7 


3.3 


55.0 


100.0 


252 


7.7 


3.4 


88.9 


100.0 


252 


13.9 


6.9 


79.2 


100.0 


322 


5.8 


3.1 


91.1 


100.0 


536 


50.9 


0.5 


48.6 


100.0 


319 


20.7 


1.8 


77.5 


100.0 


247 


26.1 


2.8 


71.1 


100.0 


243 


6.4 


2.5 


91.1 


100.0 


242 


46.2 


3.1 


50.7 


100.0 


412 


12.5 


2.0 


85.5 


100.0 


282 


24.8 


4.2 


71.0 


100.0 


422 


30.4 


1.0 


68.6 


100.0 


179 


30.4 


2.7 


66.9 


100.0 


415 


33.0 


3.1 


63.9 


100.0 


338 


7.7 


12.1 


80.2 


100.0 


153 


7.2 


2.6 


90.2 


100.0 


325 


60.5 


3.2 


46.3 


100.0 


425 



11 



322 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Percent Filling Out Application Blank 

TABLE No. 2 1-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — {Concluded) 



CITIES 


Filled 

out 
appli- 
cation 


Gave 
references 


Did 
neither 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation of 
employed 

boys 




36.0 
51.0 
20.8 
42.0 
35.3 

44.3 
59.3 
14.5 
24.7 
40.6 

32.0 


4.8 
3^8 

i'.Q 

2.2 

1^2 

1.8 

3.6 


59.2 
49.0 
75.4 
58.0 
63.1 

53.5 
40.7 
85.5 
74.1 
57.6 

64.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


244 




243 




205 




211 




209 




528 




189 




289 




230 




393 


White Plains 


457 



TABLE 
VILLAGES 



No. 21-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 







3.2 
1.4 

""13.6 
6.0 

7.4 
9.6 
1.0 

■■■■i2'.4 

4'.6 

1.1 
3.5 

3.7 
7.5 
2.9 
6.0 

1.2 
6.9 
3.1 

i'.2 

10.0 

i'.3 

5.8 

3.8 

""ie.h 

11.4 
5.6 
2.2 
1.8 
2.2 


96.8 
81.9 
61.5 
65.4 
34.9 

55.7 
64.4 
80.0 
97.6 
47.9 

95.8 
93.9 
73.4 
14.3 
69.8 

52.3 
72.5 
83.5 
60.0 
97.9 

90.6 

77.8 
70.4 
69.2 
58.8 

65.0 
82.9 
71.9 
96.2 
62.4 

88.5 

53.7 

100.0 

7.0 

50.0 

45.7 
77.7 
80.9 
51.0 
58.4 

60.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


165 


CatskiU 


16.7 
38.5 
21.0 
59.1 

36.9 
26.0 
19.0 
2.4 
39.7 

4.2 

6.1 

22.0 

84.6 

26.7 

44.0 
20.0 
13.6 
34.0 
2.1 

8.2 
15.3 
26.5 
30.8 
40.0 

25.0 
17.1 
26.8 
3.8 
31.8 

7.7 
46.3 

""46'.5 
50.0 

42.9 
16.7 
16.9 
47.2 
39.4 

39.6 


96 




148 




164 




95 




204 




155 




120 




140 




249 




120 




108 




62 




215 




153 




134 




28 




163 




153 




111 




128 




136 




90 




72 




217 




72 




107 


Peekskill 


292 




72 




388 




56 




137 


Saranao Lake 


100 
147 




157 




85 




144 


Waterford 


68 




115 


Wellsville 


73 


Whitehall 


118 







Our Boys 



323 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Emploijed Boys 

How They Saved Their Money 
TABLE No. 22-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



CITIES 


Liberty 
bonds 


Bank 


Other 
ways 


Did 

not save 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys 


Albany 


47.2 
42.8 
50.8 
53.5 
52.2 

58.0 
53.2 
47.0 
43.8 
49.9 

48.6 
42.0 
53.2 
48.7 
54.7 

51.0 
44.9 
39.3 
50.1 
51.4 

48.2 

46.7 

E No. 22 

36.4 
61.6 
47.8 
42.0 
60.7 

40.5 
64.6 
33.4 
49.4 
41.9 

43.8 
46.0 
54.0 
44.5 
37.7 

64.3 
57.5 
71.9 
67.2 
50.8 

57.7 
71.1 
42.9 
23.0 
48.0 

60.8 
51.8 
42.7 
58.1 
53.7 


10.8 
22.4 
19.6 
15.8 
18.3 

15.9 
23.0 
16.5 
17.9 
22.0 

21.5 
28.3 
20.7 
18.0 
21.1 

19.3 
23.9 
22.8 
30.8 
20.2 

16.3 

9.8 

-B — CIT 

30.6 
14.4 
31.5 
20.0 
19.0 

43.5 
14.3 
20.6 
21.7 
18.8 

26.6 
30.9 
17.6 
28.1 
28.9 

16.6 
11.3 
10.4 
18.6 
14.0 

17.9 
12.7 
24.2 
32.6 

28.8 

18.4 
26.8 
22.0 
13.6 
14.2 


7.8 
3.2 
7.9 
7.8 
3.8 

2.9 
4.6 
1.9 
3.7 
1.3 

5.0 
2.7 
5.9 
6.5 
1.9 

1.6 
6.4 
2.4 
2.1 
10.0 

3.4 

4.3 

lES UND 

5.8 
1.2 
6.8 
1.5 
4.0 

2.0 

4.6 
10.8 
13.9 

2.6 

1.8 
1.6 
9.5 

5^6 

4.4 
7.2 
1.4 
1.2 
12.0 

2.7 
1.4 
2.2 
9.9 
3.0 

4.8 
3.9 
10.8 
5.5 
7.9 


34.2 
31.6 
21.7 
22.9 
25.7 

23.2 
19.2 
34.6 
34.6 
26.8 

24.9 
27.0 
20.2 
26.8 
22.3 

28.1 
24.8 
35.5 
17.0 
18.4 

32.1 

39.2 

ER 25,00 

27.2 
22.8 
13.9 
36.5 
16.3 

14.0 
16.5 
35.2 
15.0 
36.7 

27.8 
21.5 
18.9 
27.4 
27.8 

14.7 
24.0 
16.3 
13.0 
23.2 

21.7 

14.8 
30.7 
34.5 
20.2 

16.0 
17.5 
24.5 
22.8 
24.2 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


2,542 




810 




829 




1,356 


Buffalo 


11,257 


Elmira 


971 




888 




553 




857 




700 


New Rochelle 


760 


Niagara Falls 


1,147 




546 




698 




6,322 




1,821 


Syracuse 


3,874 


Troy 


1,658 


Utica 


2,241 


Watertown 


669 


Yonkers 


2,241 


New York 


124,795 


TART 

Batavia 


268 


Beacon 


271 




119 


Cohoes 

Corning 


561 
322 


Cortland .... 


235 




414 


Fulton 


262 




252 




252 


Glens Falls 


322 


Gloversville 


536 


HorneU 


319 


Hudson 


247 


Ithaca 


243 




242 


Lackawanna 


412 


Little Falls 


282 


Lockport 


422 




179 




415 




338 




153 




325 


Olean 

Oneida 


425 
244 




243 


Plattsburg 


205 




211 




209 



324 



OuB Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and''Eighteen Year Old" EmployecTBoys 

How They Saved Their Money 
TABLE No. 22-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 — (Concluded) 



CITIES 



Liberty 
bonds 



Bank 



Other 
ways 



Did 

not save 



Total 
per 
cent 



Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys 



Rome 

Salamanca 

Saratoga Springs 

Tonawanda 

Watervliet 

White Plains 



66.1 
81.3 
36.4 
61.7 
52.9 

36.0 



17.3 
10.0 
20.2 
13.6 
11.6 

32.8 



2.9 
2.0 
7.6 
4.4 
3.7 

3.6 



13.7 
6.7 
35.8 
20.3 
31.9 

27.6 



100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 



528 
189 
289 
230 
393 

457 



Albion. 
Catskill.. 
Depew. . 
Endicott . 
Fredonia. 



VILLAGES 



TABLE No. 22-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Preeport 

Hastings . . . . 
Haverstraw. 
Hempstead. 
Herkimer. . . 



Hoosick Falls. 
Hudson Falls. 
Huntington. . . 

Ilion 

Johnson City. 



Laticaster .... 
Lawrence. . . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown. 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue . . . 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan . . . 
Port Chester. 



Port Washington. 
Eockville Center. 
Saranac Lake. . . . 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown. 

Walden 

Waterf ord . 
Waverly. . . 
Wellsville.. 



Whitehall. 



38.7 
15.3 
57.9 
55.6 

48.2 

41.7 
57.5 
25.0 
17.1 
57.1 

72.0 
41.9 
35.7 
67.7 
71.6 

74.0 
30.0 
32.0 
43.0 
22.5 

31.7 
44.4 
39.9 
51.6 
49.4 

50.0 
42.5 
56.9 
50.0 
63.1 

17.9 
63.7 
12.3 
28.2 
64.7 

60.0 
51.1 
60.7 
52.7 
65.2 

48.2 



12.9 
29.1 
15.6 
13.1 
24.1 

19.4 
13.7 
9.0 
17.1 
19.3 

9.3 

24.4 
28.5 
25.8 
16.2 

10.4 
6.0 
19.4 
19.0 
11.2 

20.0 
18.0 
19.5 
14.3 
14.6 

20.0 
21.3 
20.9 
23.0 
11.4 

35.9 
22.2 
18.4 
26.8 
17.0 

11.4 
25.6 
11.2 
27.3 
16.9 

15.5 



23.7 
1.8 
4.3 
8.4 

11.1 



8.0 

34.1 

5.9 

2.7 

9.2 

11.0 

2.2 

.6 

.7 
12.5 

7.4 
15.0 

3.1 

4.7 

22.3 

3.1 

9.9 



10.0 
10.6 

2.1 
11.5 

2.6 

10.3 
11.1 
18.4 
16.9 
3.7 



3.4 
3.6 

2.2 



48.4 


100.0 


165 


31.9 


100.0 


96 


24.7 


100.0 


148 


27.0 


100.0 


164 


19.3 


100.0 


95 


27.8 


100.0 


204 


28.8 


100.0 


155 


58.0 


100.0 


120 


31.7 


100.0 


140 


17.7 


100.0 


249 


16.0 


100.0 


120 


24.5 


100.0 


108 


24.8 


100.0 


62 


14.3 


100.0 


215 


11.6 


100.0 


153 


14.9 


100.0 


134 


52.5 


100.0 


28 


41.2 


100.0 


163 


23.0 


100.0 


153 


63.2 


100.0 


111 


43.6 


100.0 


128 


15.3 


100.0 


136 


37.5 


100.0 


90 


24.2 


100.0 


72 


35.4 


100.0 


217 


20.0 


100.0 


72 


25.6 


100.0 


107 


20.1 


100.0 


292 


15.5 


100.0 


72 


22.9 


100.0 


388 


35.9 


100.0 


56 


13.0 


100.0 


137 


50.9 


100.0 


100 


28.1 


100.0 


147 


14.6 


100.0 


157 


28.6 


100.0 


85 


23.3 


100.0 


144 


24.7 


100.0 


68 


16.4 


100.0 


115 


15.7 


100.0 


73 


30.2 


100.0 


118 



OuE Boys 



325 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Em.ployed Boys 

Weekly Contributions Toward Family Support 
TABLE No. 23-A — CITIES OVER 25,000 



cities 


$1 


$2 


S3 


$4 


$5 


$6 


$7 


$8 


$9 


$10- 
15 


$15 


Noth- 
ing 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 




.2 
.4 
.2 
.1 


.4 
.6 
.2 
.9 
.2 

.4 
.5 

.6 
.2 
.2 

.9 
.2 


1.3 
1.2 
1.9 
1.6 
.4 

1.8 

1.2 

1.1 

.6 

.5 

1.9 
.2 
.6 

2.3 

.8 

2.0 
.4 
.6 
.4 

2.2 

.5 
.4 


2.0 
1.6 
2.6 
2.4 
.5 

2.4 
2.4 
1.7 
1.9 
1.3 

.7 
1.3 
2.3 
2.1 
1.9 

2.1 
1.8 
2.3 
.9 
4.2 

.7 

.7 


8.0 

6.0 

14.7 

13.1 

3.1 

13.7 

17.4 

7.2 

5.8 

7.2 

6.5 
4.8 
10.5 
13.0 

5.5 

9.3 

8.2 
7.7 
5.7 
15.8 

3.3 

3.7 


8.0 
4.4 
8.6 
9.2 
2.2 

9.2 
7.5 
6.8 
2.9 
6.8 

3.9 

2.2 
8.1 
9.8 
6.5 

6.8 
5.2 
6.3 
5.2 
8.4 

2.1 

2.9 


8.8 
6.2 
10.4 
7.9 
3.2 

10.9 
5.1 
7.5 
5.6 

8.4 

5.1 
6.3 
11.8 
11.1 
8.0 

7.4 
8.2 
8.1 
6.7 
16.0 

4.3 

3.9 


9.3 
5.4 
6.9 
6.3 

4.4 

6.8 
4.1 
6.4 
11.6 
9.0 

9.2 
7.7 
5.8 
9.0 
6.6 

6.7 
8.6 
11.4 
8.6 
7.0 

6.0 

6.6 


3.3 
1.0 

2.8 
1.6 
1.8 

3.0 
.5 
4.2 
5.2 
3.1 

2.9 
1.9 
3.4 
2.3 
2.7 

2.3 
2.4 
5.1 
2.1 
1.6 

4.5 

4.0 


33 9 
56.0 
25.6 
26.6 
48.4 

23.7 
43.1 
37.7 
44.4 
38.7 

43.3 
33.6 
32.0 
29.5 
34.1 

36.3 
35.8 
29.3 
34.6 
13.6 

55.6 

44.5 


9.5 

6.2 

11.2 

13.0 

24.2 

12.3 
2.5 
10.1 
10.4 
12.5 

5.6 
27.0 
13.9 

4.8 
22.2 

6.4 
18.2 
16.7 
24.3 

7.4 

10.0 
22.4 


15.3 
11.0 
14.9 
18.3 
11.6 

15.8 
15.7 
16.5 
11.2 
12.1 

19.8 
14.7 
11.6 
15.1 
11.1 

19.8 
10.6 
11.6 
10.5 
23.0 

12.7 

10.5 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 


2,542 


Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Bingham ton 

Buffalo 


6810 

■r829 

1,356 
11 257 


Elmir» 




971 






838 




.2 
.2 
.2 

.2 
.1 


553 


Mt. Vernon 


857 
700 


New Rochelle 

Niagara Falls 


760 

1,147 

546 






1.0 

.4 

.5 
.6 
.5 
.6 
.6 

.3 

.3 


698 




.2 
.4 


6,322 


Schenectady 


1,821 
3 874 


Troy 


.4 
.4 
.2 


1,658 


Utica 


2,241 


Watertown 

Yonkers 


669 
2,241 


New York 


.1 


124,795 



TABLE No. 23-B — CITIES UNDER 25,000 



Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 



Cortland. . 
Dunkirk. . 

Fulton 

Geneva. . . 
Glen Cove. 



Glens Falls. 
Gloversville . 
Hornell .... 
Hudson .... 
Ithaca 



Johnstown. . . 
Lackawanna. . 
Little Falls. . . 

Lockport 

Mechanicville. 



Middletown 

No. Tonawanda.. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 



Oneida 

Oneonta. . . 
Plattsburg. 
Port Jervia . 
Rensselaer. 



.6 
1.4 



2.0 

".5 



.5 

16.4 

1.1 



1.4 



1.2 
.7 
.5 

1. 

1. 



2.0 



2.6 

2.9 
4.2 
.5 
1.2 
3 

4.5 

'".7 



1.5 



1.1 

3.3 

.5 



1.6 
1.2 



1.2 
1.1 



3.4 

2.2 
3.3 



.6 
2.5 

.6 
1.6 



2.7 



4.1 
.2 
.3 

4.6 

.2 

1.0 

2.0 

.9 

4.6 
6.3 

2.7 

.6 

4.4 

7.6 



.7 

2.1 

.5 

3.0 
.9 
7.7 
9.1 
1.0 

2.4 
1.2 
1.9 
1.9 
3.2 



16.6 


8.6 


8.6 


8.0 


1.6 


29.4 


8.0 


16.0 


100.0 


5.0 


6.1 


6.1 


10.5 


5.0 


47.2 


7.8 


11.7 


100.0 


19.2 


13.7 


8.2 


5.5 


2.7 


9.6 


13.7 


16.4 


100.0 


2.8 


2.3 


7.9 


5.3 


3.0 


^7.2 


.36.2 


4.9 


100.0 


13.4 


10.0 


12.0 


6.0 


.6 


23.4 


15.0 


18.4 


100.0 


22.5 


13.9 


6.0 


4.6 


2.0 


6.6 


8.0 


26.5 


100.0 


3.8 


4.4 


4.9 


7.8 


1.1 


43.3 


26.5 


7.6 


100.0 


12.7 


14.2 


15.7 


7.3 


2.0 


16.7 


6.4 


22.0 


100.0 


13.9 


10.8 


7.2 


8.3 


4.1 


19.6 


12.9 


21.2 


100.0 


1.7 


3.4 


5.1 


6.8 


4.3 


29.1 


11.1 


35.0 


100.0 


15.0 


8.7 


10.4 


9.8 


4.0 


28.4 




15.0 


100.0 


23.1 


12,6 


8.8 


6.6 


3.1 


16.8 


.3 


17.5 


100.0 


17.1 


7.7 


12.6 


8.5 




14.4 


14.4 


21.1 


100.0 


6.1 


10.4 


12.2 


11.0 


3.1 


31.1 


6.1 




100.0 


19.7 


13.1 


12.0 


5.5 


1.6 


11.5 


5.5 


20.2 


100.0 


23.6 


13.4 


4.5 


5.1 


1.3 


24.1 


.6 


15.3 


100.0 


.4 


1 .3 


1.3 


2.3 




23.1 


.59.3 


12.3 


100.0 


7.7 


10.5 


9.8 


10.5 


2.6 


39.9 


8.5 


9.1 


100.0 


10.1 


8.0 


13.4 


12.2 


1.3 


34.0 


4.2 


13.9 


100.0 


3.4 




6.3 


5.0 


1.4 


24.1 


45.3 


12.6 


100.0 


13.7 


11.4 


8.7 


7.6 


2.7 


11.0 


10.7 


25.9 


100.0 


5.2 


2.6 


2.2 


5.2 


2.2 


,'i2.0 


19.2 


9.6 


100.0 


16.5 


16.5 


9.9 


8.8 


1.1 


15.4 


3.3 


17.5 


100.0 


11.7 


13.1 


11.1 


5.2 


1.3 


14.4 


.7 


26.8 


100.0 


8.2 


6.0 


7.5 


8.3 


1.3 


32.4 


21.5 


12.5 


100.0 


19.2 


9.6 


13.6 


6.4 


4.0 


17.6 


11.2 


13.6 


100.0 


7.5 


7.5 


11.9 


6.3 


.6 


21.9 


15.0 


26.3 


100.0 


16.4 


13.8 


13.8 


6.9 


1.3 


19.5 




23.9 


100.0 


13.6 


11.1 


8.(1 


6.2 


1.2 


29. C 


16.1 


10.5 


100.0 


6.8 


7.9 


6.3 


8.9 


3.2 


21.6 


25.7 


13.7 


100.0 



268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 

262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 

247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 



326 



Our Boys 



Sixteen, Seventeen and Eighteen Year Old Employed Boys 

Weekly Contributions Toward Family Support 

TABLE No. 23-B — CITIES UNDER 2 5fiQ0— (Concluded) 



CITIES 


$1 


$2 


$3 


$4 


$5 


$6 


$7 


$8 


$9 


$10- 
15 


$15 


Noth- 
ing 


Total 
per 
cent 


Popu- 
lation 
of em- 
ployed 
boys 






.6 


.8 
1.3 
1.7 

'".3 

1.2 


2.0 
.7 

4.6 
.6 
.9 

3.6 


10.0 
6.0 

14.5 
5.6 
6.6 

8.4 


9.1 
6.0 
8.1 
3.1 

4.7 

6.8 


12.0 
4.0 

12.1 
6.2 
5.0 

4.8 


6.7 
5.3 
7.5 
4.9 
5.6 

6.0 


2.3 
2.7 
1.7 
.6 
2.2 

2.0 


25.2 
40.7 
13.3 
47.5 
32.9 

41.2 


20.8 
20.6 
12.1 
17.9 
33.5 

4.8 


10.5 
12.7 
23.8 
13.0 
9.0 

20.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


528 






189 






.6 
.6 
.3 

1.2 


289 






230 


Watervliet 




393 


White Plains 




467 



VILLAGES 

Albion 

Catskill 

Depew 

Endicott 

Fredonia 



TABLE No. 23-C — VILLAGES OVER 5,000 



Freeport. . . 
Hastings . . . 
Haverstraw. 
Hempstead . 
Herkimer. . . 



Hoosick Falls. 
Hudson Falls . 
Huntington. . . 

lUion 

Johnson City . 



Lancaster . . . , 
Lawrence. . . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. 
Massena 



Medina 

Newark 

No. Tarrytown. . 

Nyack 

Ossining 



Owego 

Patchogue 

Peekskill 

Penn Yan 

Port Chester 



Port Washington. . . 
Rockville Center . . . 

Saranac Lake 

Seneca Falls 

Solvay 



Tarrytown . 
Walden . . . . 
Waterf ord . . 
Waverly. . . 
Wellsville . . 



Whitehall . 



1.0 



1.1 



3.2 



1.8 
'^5 



1.7 



1.0 



1.4 



3.2 

.4 

11.5 



1.4 



1.1 

i!i 



2.8 

.9 

1.9 



1.1 
1.3 



2.4 



.9 
1.4 
2.3 

.7 
2.5 
6.7 



2.0 

2.4 

i'.6 



5.0 
3.2 
1.3 

7.7 
.3 



9.3 

4.1 



1.2 



1.1 



1.1 
3.4 



3.2 

4.2 



2.8 



1.1 
1.3 



4.9 
3.8 



2.1 
1.8 

.4 
5.8 

2.2 

'4". 5 
1.0 
2.0 

2.4 

2.8 

'4".4 
1.2 

10.0 
5.3 
1.7 

19.3 
1.3 

1.3 
3.7 

1.4 
1.2 

2.8 
3.3 
1.1 
1.8 
3.3 

2.6 



9.7 

16.7 



21.0 

4.8 



13.7 
1.3 



9.8 
11.3 

14.7 
14.3 
5.5 
15.2 
20.4 

5.2 

7.5 

15.7 

9.0 

8.2 

17.6 
22.2 
11.7 
15.9 
12.0 

10.0 
9.6 
5.9 

19.3 

2.8 

10.3 
14.6 
8.2 
15.5 



5.7 
17.8 

4.5 
12.7 
30.4 

10.4 



3.2 


3.2 


9.7 


18.0 




2.8 
9.8 


8.4 


1.2 


3.6 


10.1 


11.6 




1.3 


1.8 


1.8 


7.8 


2.4 


10.8 


10.8 


5.3 


25.3 


15.3 


12.2 


2.8 


9.2 


5.8 


8.3 


10.5 


7.6 


3.7 


9.7 


5.0 


7.5 


4.5 


5.2 


3.0 


7.0 


3.1 


5.1 


5.9 


9.4 


9.7 


8.3 


1.6 


3.9 


12.4 


14.2 


4.4 


8.4 


15.0 


5.0 


6.4 


5.3 


7.9 


6.7 


11.5 


7.7 


5.5 


7.5 


6.4 


5.1 


3.7 


5.6 


8.2 


10.2 


5.6 


25.4 


4.9 


3.7 


5.7 


8.5 


21.1 


21.1 


4.4 


4.5 


20.1 


3.6 


3.3 


14.6 


7.8 


6.7 



3.2 
8.3 
2.8 
5.1 
3.6 

8.5 
4.1 
1.8 
12.2 
6.5 

8.1 

11.2 

11.0 

6.2 

6.4 

5.2 
10.0 

4.5 
14.0 

9.2 

5.9 
2.8 
9.4 
3.5 
15.3 



3.2 
10.5 
3 
9.4 

12.8 
7.4 
2.0 

12.7 
6.1 

5.7 

4.4 

12.4 

1.8 

1.1 

5.2 



4.2 
1.8 
1.4 



2.1 
4.1 



2.1 

5.3 
4.1 
4.6 
1.1 
.6 

.7 
2.5 
3.0 
4.0 
3.1 

1.2 
1 

5.3 
1.3 



7.4 
2.1 

3.6 



2.6 
1. 



2 
3.7 



3.3 
1.1 



25.8 


9.7 


38.8 


100.0 


12.5 


9.7 


13.9 


100.0 


28.4 


58.7 


4.6 


100.0 


21.0 


5.6 


21.0 


100.0 


36.2 


37.3 


13.3 


100.0 


17.9 


5.3 


28.6 


100.0 


45.2 


28.8 


12.6 


100.0 


17.9 


66.4 


7.5 


100.0 


31.7 


4.9 


24.4 


100.0 


25.2 


18.8 


9.1 


100.0 


25.3 


10.7 


5.3 


100.0 


18.3 


3.1 


19.4 


100.0 


28.4 


12.8 


21.2 


100.0 


17.0 


3.6 


41.0 


100.0 


8.7 


14.5 


20.9 


100.0 


41.9 


21.7 


7.6 


100.0 


10.0 


20.0 


35.0 


100.0 


16.4 




39.5 


100.0 


26.0 


19.0 


17.0 


100.0 


14.3 


15.3 


36.7 


100.0 


30.5 


3.5 


21.2 


100.0 


25.0 


9.7 


16.7 


100.0 


46.1 


10.9 


14.0 


100.0 


18.6 


6.2 


17.7 


100.0 


30.4 


5.0 


21.4 


100.0 


.30.0 




25.0 


100.0 


24.5 


10.6 


21.3 


100.0 


42.6 


9.6 


10.5 


100.0 


7.7 




11.5 


100.0 


49.5 


6.8 


13.0 


100.0 


23.1 


12.8 


25.6 


100.0 


9.3 


5.6 


38.9 


100.0 


10.2 


6.1 


51.0 


100.0 


18.5 


7.1 


9.6 


100.0 


35.4 


26.8 


7.2 


100.0 


51.4 


5.7 


14.5 


100.0 


12.3 




14.5 


100.0 


41.5 


21.4 


9.0 


100.0 


30.9 


18.2 


10.9 


100.0 


10.1 




33.9 


100.0 


19.8 


19.8 


22.5 


100.0 



Our B'ots 



32^ 



Bq 



1^ 



^ 



o 








H 
«r1 


W 


Oi 


fr; 


P 


o 


U 


^ 


u 




o 


^ 




w 




^ 




p^ 


1^ 


w 


s 


H 


Pin 


<t1 


cc 


K 


^ 


O 


O 








j^ 


U 


o 


k; 






H 




<1 


^ 






o 




O 


P4 




W 


ai 


> 


« 


O 


W 




iT| 


Oi 


Eh 






U 


:z; 




M 


\ 


w 


^ 




CM 


pq 


6 


!? 




O 


pa 


H 


<1 


-<^ 


H 


h-l 




w 




K 




« 




O 




U 





iC 4! S « Ci 



:>n83 jad iB^ox 






ooooocooooooooooo 

oooodooddddoododd 
ooooooooooooooooo 



joq^T; 



Tf-:IHC0C0TP(MOl--OC0C0C0'^C0^05O 
COiOt^Ot^O-HOOOOOcDOlCTiC-. OOOi'-i 



sajnioBjnuBui 
sno8n'Bii30sij\[ 



aaq^'Ba'j 



saji^xax 



not'j'BJBdajd pnc 
aoi-^onpojd poo j[ 



uoT^'BjjodsnBJX 



SUI^JUIJJ 



8no:>s 

puB es^iS 'Abjq 



Sutq:toio 



Sni?fjoAtpoOM 



sapBj:) I^^aW 



OCOCgc-lt»r^rtiOOO-*^0>lMlM'OCO 
rtrti-l,-( r-< rt (M CSI rt rH rH rH r-((N «5 -H 



<NOOrHO-TlTt<ft>OroO00C0t-H0>r-50 
i-lrt.-H,-lrH,-li-l,-lrHrH r-lC^l'tOM'-lC^' 



cO'^o»o»o»oioo»oa-cocoTtiTt<t^cD'^ 

.-Hi-lTHi-li-lrt.HMrHi-1 iHi-ICOlNi-lN 



I— I -^ r* t^ r-( .-H (N t^ cj o CO t^ CO ■ -^ o CO 



l^CSt-icOCt^t^^DCO-^iMOOCMr-t-OJC^ 
■<lH-*iOt^t>U5-*COCOiOfOOt^Tt<'i<OCO 



t^C5'<r-*oa»ncC'Ortcoooo«oovoco(N 
r-(r-((NCqcCCOTttlNC<5TtlCCC<5C«3(NCOTtlCO 



t^cOCScOOtD'-HiOi005t~Tt<t^<N05COO 
rtrt(M(NN(NiN(N'*COrH<NiNu:ii-li-(CO 



to ■ IN lO lO 00 ira "O (N •<1' O) Tfl t>- CO TT 00 (M 



coc. ■ooO'^coiNT^ioiocooc^iO'^'^m 



OOOC0CO»OO^»O00(N(N^COC0O00 

C003>OOcD-^'*-*'000'OCOOOCOOC<I 
(Nrti-i(Mr-ic^cocg.-iC^W(M(Ni-icqcmN 



sapBj^) Suipjing 



aoiAjas 

■jaaninjaAOQ 



suoi^isod 



(jre^ai) s-8uisng 



{BOIjajQ 



]BnoTSsajoj<j 



r-tt^OOCOOOOt^Ot-COOOOt>-OOCOOOCv» 

Ti<c<3iMccc<5cococo(Mcoe^cococoi-iP3-* 



CD CD ■* CO CO CO CS !M Tt< CO -TlHCO • ■>!( iM in 



r-033t-c^n^oou5T)Hcococ-i'00oO'<s<co 



•* 00(35 (NcO'}'Onor~cooooooooor-r»'n 

CDTHCOt^cO'^'COiOOiCOiCCOCO'O'OCO'* 



lOiOOOOOrft^CD-^OOCOCOcDOSC^CCG^ 

(^05O-*(N00CC00 0i>n0lO>OOC^OO 
CO'^J'-^COTllC^eQC^COCOCOCvKNIMIMCOM 



i>coco-rfa3coajcocoinc^Tr'-<coO'-ioo 
t^coc^cii-ic^(NC']CMco^ogc^c>)oi'^'H 



- o 2- 



I'g^ 



.2^ ,^ i: 5=^ Mi2 ° 5P— M O s CD t, ra 

o S 2 «^ f;^^^ oo ^.S § o x^.s-B 

t,^ 3 H o ajij^r^ji! C tH O 4> a^ oi 



328 



Our Boys 



o 
O 





O 






M 






H 






<i 






Ph 


M 




o 
o 

O 


o 




Ml 


^ 




t^ 


w 




s 


^ 




r/; 






W 


Ph 




M 


w 




Ph 


H 






< 




tH 


Ph 




o 


r^i 


on 


pq 




?? 




O 


aq 






'« 


<tj 


« 


Sj 




p 




^ 


h:i 


^ 


o 

M 


1— * 


-13 


Ph 


^ 


O 


P 


^ 




u 


^ 


« 


o 


>n 


>: 


O 


(M 


s? 


r/1 


rt 


1 




o 




H 


rn 




<! 


H 




\^ 


1— 1 




^ 
S 


h- 1 

o 




w 


1 






<! 




H 






W 


o 




!z; 


^55 




o 






H 


H 




<^ 


h-l 




h^ 


W 












(^nao J9(jj 'BQ.oj;, 



JoqBq; 






jaqc/egT; 



saxt:jx9x 



ttoi^BJBdajcI pn^ 
nononpoid poo^ 



TIOl B^IOdSUBIJ, 



Sni:)nTJ[<j 



ano^s 

pUB SSB § '^313 



^0'-'^~0'-loocooQOl^^l00t^lOc» 

. OQiO^.-liOI>rHi-n>0(N000005 






ooooooooooooooooo 



ooooooooooooooooo 
ooooooooooooooooo 



OOOCOCOC^)iOcOC<lr-<cOOt^OOt:OOcD 






■<*<i-Ht^oo-^coaioo2i>.i^'r)<iocc^aj 

T-Irt— l(Mi-(,-(rHi-lrt(MrHT-lNOC0C<lC<I 



Ci 00 tH CS CC t* t^ CO »0 C3 • CSl CO 05 <-! »0 r-t 



iHrHi-H(M(N'-HrHr-(rHr-l 



lO -woairtHmcoiMci 



(M 1-1 tH T-l N <N 



CTit^ -i-iTtfcn 



■^t^t^OOTtHiOlOCOCqcOTjKMOOOTlMOO 
(Ni?0lM>ni>COlM>-liMT)<C0l>CDT(HTt<TtliO 



-^Oit^cDiOOaiCOOSt^i-IOCOC^IGOCDCO 



Tt<i-l(NIM.-l"Ol>)-*l>TOO(MOlOCOi-lTtH 
<M i-H <N (M CO (N N ■* Tjl tJI (NiMiO-*C0(N 



Sntq^ojo 



Snpf jOApoo w 



sapBi^ l'B:^^p\[ 



sapBn Snipima 



aaiA as 

^nainaiaAO£) 



suoi:^ sod 

aAT^jnoaxg 



({IB Fj) ssanisng 



jBOijaiQ 



IBnotssajoij 



i-<Tt< -iccococooioici^coc^ -t^-ro 



ior-rtTi(c» ■ CD 00 Tti o ■* -"31 



i-i>-4COt~00(MiOOcOOOOOOt>COiOOO 

•*t-C0OC^O0003(MrHO-*OCD^00CTl 
(Mi-lrt(NrH(MlM,Hr-l(Mi-l(MrH,-l(M,-l,-( 



T)H(M03Tj<COr-0'*lM'*0'^OO^rlOOtO 

iM (M 1-H (NCO to CO Ttl rt Cq CO (M IN 1-1 .-H CO 



iOtPCOC^ItIICOW -i-liO -co ■ •i-iTjt'* 



C- ■■-i(MC<10>iOiOtJ(C2000COOO'-itJHi-i 



ooooio-^cooocOTti-'tt^ojOiT-^i-'a^iOTii 
cO'^iNOTtiio-ct^cooorqTHoot^txoo-* 



TjlOi-liOOt^^lMCMr-lOOt^OOOOOOCO 



■-< Ci O OO Oi ■* CO CO IM 00 ■ r-l tJI ■* !>. 00 to 



9 P 



9 a a 

■5 ^ s 



P^O 



P.S ^ c ft ft aj S:=3 
o b is"-" ■* 2 ^ °5- 



-^fe—t-^i — '^- t-< tH O UJ OJk— I C3 



OuK Boys 



329 





^ 






o 












H 






<1 


I-/* 




f^ 






\D 


« 




U 


o 




O 


>^ 




O 


^ 




H 


w 






12; 






P^ 




Ph 


w 




Ph 


<5 




w 


W 




>-l 


rt 




o 


o 


§, 


pq 


n 


^ 




^ 


"t3 


Q 


o 


i^ 


H-) 


?!. 


n 


o 


jS: 


M 


;^ 


l*q 


^ 


I— ( 


"W 


i:^ 


(— ^ 


O 


t' 


§ 


f:? 




>o 


^ 


O 


Ph 


s 


aj 


W 




tf 


t> 


s 


W 


o 


S 


m 




to 


<1 






P^ 


l-H 




^ 


u 




W 


1 




w 


1 




^ 


pq 




H 


TtH 




W 


(N 




m 


d 




15 


^ 




o 


W 




H 


h-l 




«>1 


m 




kJ 


<Ji 




w 


H 



3 u ^jXJ -M 

►5 c ri cj c3 



^uao J8d jBjox 



(N(N<NU5(Mi-HO'-iiO'-Hi-ioiOrHrHC<;c^ 



OOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



joq'B'^ 



snoan'Bi[808ip\[ 



aaq^'Ba'j 



eam^ax 



uop'BJBdajd pu'B 
uoponpojd pooj 



oo»oooi>c5a5Mi^^T}<o:3'<j'Oooo 



■^ O ■* -O t>. CC"-i O !M O O -.D OJ CD C<1 -N ?5 



i-Hcco'^ocoi>cmocox)^C"-ooTj<ai^ 






OCi ^ O OOi OW OC/5 -^ ^ -e^oco 



00 -rt rt -H 



noi^B^iodstiBJX 



SupuUcj 



aao:js 



Sniq^oio 



SnpiJOAipoOj^ 



sapBJ^ i<e%9j^ 



sapBJ^ Sntpiing 



aaiAjas 

^asoiujaAOo 



snoi^tsod 

aAnnoaxa 



((iB^aj) ssaaisng 



IBOUajQ 



IBuo esajojj 



Ol'^iO*00:DOOiO'^CO'<J*OcD£^CNCO 

oco'CioO'Oi.-;;ocoNajeoo5tooq-*-*io 



03r^-^t^t^'-HcooococoM»ot^i>»oooo 
i-ii-iiNrHTfm'^'*(MTt4oococortcococo 



C<0-*COOOCOO'*!>)(M^uO-JH^It^!NOO 



cc O O OJ cC -00 • QO CD -^ -cocao 



ococoi>omooreoo • o "^ oo oo co c<i i i-i 



O CO C^J QO ej O »0 lO Ttl o »o O -O l^ ^4 CJi o 
OCDOOOCO't<CCiC'l<C3>OcDCOm'^OCl 



(MtPWOO-^OOO^iOwcOcOCOiOCI 

Tjiio>-HiM"tocorocO'-<NTf<coc<ic^>OT}< 



OOt^iO-^t^Tt^cOcDCOCD 



I^TfCCOCOi-Hi-HOt^cDiOCO'Hi--iOCOiO 
(M<Ni-hW»h(N<NCOt-i (NOI'M'^CO'-lrH 



00 CO cc t^ t> CO •* lO — I .-I -# CO t^ 00 f» CO in t-- 



O <N CO CO CO '.-0 O f X' C5 O -^ CO r- CO »o CO 

OOQOOCI^Tticc. (Mt^iOCCMt^cOOC^l-l-Cl 
CC ■* CO CO -* C) C4 C>l CO CO ■* Ol (M rt CI CO '^ 



Ot-OOC^lCOtDCOOuNi-HCOiOC^r-iO.ScO 
00C0(NiNIN(N(NC0C0COi-iC-)^^COiO'H 






a. 2 






3.S CI 
3 fe'l 






330 



Our Boys 



c^ 


W 


p 


« 


u 


o 


o 


>H 


c; 




Eh 


^ 

H 
^ 


r/? 




w 


« 


M 


W 


Ph 


H 




<lj 


f/j 


H 


kH 


rt 


O 


o 


W 


o 


Q 


^ 




Q 




^ 


5^^ 


h-1 


n 


o 


H 




< 




PM 


Q 




o 


o 


(N 


O 


Pi 


02 


w 


01 


> 


w 


o 


W 


r/^ 






\^ 


H 




HH 


^ 


u 


W 


1 


w 


' 


^ 


u 


H 


TJH 


H 


CN 


pq 


6 


!5 


^ 


o 


H 


H 


hJ 


<1 


pq 


hJ 


< 


W 


H 



o 

O 



yZ CJ '^ ^ 1^ 



^nao aad ^(jox 



joq'B'j 



_ (lOOOt^-MOiOr-OD 



OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 

ooooooooooooooooo 

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



C-JtCOOOCNir-CDOOcOt-OOiOOiOi-KN 

•*co"Ooi>i>t>oooioio©ooioco>ooo 



Bajn^oBjnaBui 
snoaaBiposTj^ 



I9J{%^&'J 



sait^xax 



cnMt>ooo-*oa3coooc3c-4i>oi>-i-i'-i 



aioooocDM*t»a5irooo •i>o0C5Tt<coco 

i-l(Mrti-li-li-H rH -THC^mOtNi-l 



iocoa5»ciOT-<i>i>i>.c->.oiooT-(0305coo5 

T-H i-H rH i-< i-( 1-1 CO i-HMlO (M 



^OI(^BI'B<i^Id pnB 
uoi^onpojd pooj; 



noi:jB:^iodsn'Bjj, 



Sai^^nuj 



auo:>s 



S'lPI^oiO 



Sni^ijoAvpoOjVi 



sapBj^ I'B^taiM 



sapBj'j Saipimg; 



aOIAMS 

!>n9aHII8A0{) 



suot:j;god 

aAi:jn3axa; 



(jiB^aj) esanieng; 



poija{Q 



IBnoissajojj 



rH i lO .FHrHrH 



OCOC3C^I^'^-^0500iOOO<MC003(NO'^ 
tD»Ot^000003 0tO«5CO(Nt^CI>>00000 



o^asooo-^^cscncnooca^cooco-^co 

rHrHCOlNCO (NIMIOC:|!Nt)(C0C0(N 



CO CO O 00 ■* O lO r- ■-! CD (jO CD 03 o -t-o 
(MrHoilMCOCqWi-HCOmCOrHCOlM -rHCO 



lO • 1-H IQ •'^ 03 t~ -00 • O: lO rH O 02 O O 



diMcoM"OTt<cooo 

'rH ' ■ 'rHCJ 



OS CS| rH O I>- CO CSI 



oooacoc^jt^c^TtiCNrHC^ot^cooOcOTtito 
OTjiiocooiOooocococoiot>.oi>t>oo 

<N(MrHC^i-HC0COC0OaiMlM(MC^)rHC<l(M(M 



CDrHCDCOOiCOCOCOrHT}<00»OCOaiCOO^ 
lOCOCO■*■*OOTt^Tt(lO^~(^^Tt^^OOrHTJlT^^ 



•OroOCOiOCNCJ -rHCTl -lOt^ • - -co 


'^ :"^ : : : : 



-tj< T^ rH rj< rH tH Oi i>- Ci • O O OO O t^ "^ ^ 
rH (N •* rH IM rH rH OJ • rt CQ rH iJH CO rH 



rHCNoooa5coiocoocoioocooo3-*i> 

CDOlMOOt^TfcO-^OQOOO^iOrHCOl^lN 



(jOOiOCOCntDOOOQOQOCMCO'^OOcDOt^ 



OrHocoioc3cocoo30ooico(Maicof-co 

OOCOCOffOrHC^TtH(MCqrHrHCqCOC<IrHlO(N 



a 

ftfl * s.ii : " •'•*^, -H 
?.& § ™J3 !t iS'" M o t. K t< ^ 
' » &^"S O O S^.S C3 O X 03.2,0 



Our Boys 



331 



o 

■< 
PL, 

P 

o 
o 

O 
o 



&q 



fe5 



i>2 



&Q 



02 P- 
O 



CO 

V 
O 

pq o 



o 



a 

Eh 

o 
I— I 

<i 
(« 

M 
O 

o 






^uao lad ib:jox 



JoqBq 



sain^o'Bjnu'BDU 

snoDUBiiaosij^T 



J^^[:^B^'J 



sat^xax 



noi^onpojd pooj; 



nop'B'^Jodsu'BJx 



Sui^utJj 



8uo;s 

pUB SSB]3 '/y^lQ 



Sniqioio 



SuIiJJOMpOO^ 



sapBJ^j p^aH 



in'OOTfcitoooo'OTt'cct^Mooco— I t^ 



l-H C^ -^ C) C-I .-I — I -H 



ooooooocooooooooo 

ooooooooooooooooo 
ooooooooooooooooo 



OOr^OOC. -^OOOCiM^COCOCCOCO C5 



C^OOO'-iOOq-*OOOr-i'*iOiNO^OiO 






(MfO:OOi-:JiC^lf>4iO'^rJHCOC^»OCOOO-^lO 









C^ C^4 O »0 OD Tfi »0 ^ 'X CO C; ^ M W C-J »0 C5 



(NCs|CvH^iCCCCO»Oir3rH05»OlMI>CSlir:>-^ 



•^iCCC^TfrJilO-^ 



.-KM'* ■C05D.-Hroi-- 



NiOO00-<)<l> 



03^000t^'*!M'*'*C^OOCOOOT)iTl< 



sap^J? Suipimg 



aaiAias 

^uauiujaAOQ 



SUOT^ISOd 

^AIt^no^xg 



([re:^aj) ssautsng 



M<N(MCqM00!N-*.-iCC'-iC0CCTt<.-iMiO 






ocoiOTjiro-^roooiOioinr-cDiM^ioco 



iO-*I>OC\|(Mt^COTl'r-tcO':fO»OOC^ICC 



IBOuaio 



IBnoissapjj 









^^sl^l ... - - 

1 > S M £ O bcj ti O 2 »; tJ § 

^ S-:; a> o o ui.t: ^ o A r:.2-5 



fi,OKHOa»=5^!JQpHE-'P:<EHh-l.<« 



3^^^^-E C o oj 5S rf 



332 



Our Bots 



2Q 



^ 




o 








H 




< 


M 


P 


O 


O 


^ 


o 


w 


H 


k; 


K 






<1 


m 




!» 


O 



o 

§■ Q S 



W 
Eh 
<^ 

W 

o 
<l 

o 

O 



n, O 

p 8 

02 H 



O 



(C g ?^ 03 03 



%U90 J9d i^^jox 



aoq'B'3 



saJino'BjnuBui 
sno9aBjj33STp\r 



J8qcj'B8']; 



S8inx3X 



uoT^'BJBdajd pnB 
ubi^onpoJd pooj 



uoi^B^Jodsn'Bij;, 



SUI^UTJJ 






Suiq^ojo 



SupjaoA\poo^ 



sapBjq. ib:j8j^ 



eap^j:) Sutp|tng 



NTrOTliC^OO'-iOi-ii-il>-^i-ii-i<MC-l 



OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



"OOiQiOiOO'S<t^OOOiO(M003tCMC2 
.-■i-( r-ii-li-l i-(i-l(M CClNi-i 



COrHi-Hi-li-l rHCO r-l 



OCO 
CO>H 



lo lO ■* 00 T»no cq 



ccmoo-^oot^orHO 

(MCO i-lr-i 



iOO-*00(OrfiCOiMOO>-i 
rt (M .H i-< <M CO 



r-( CO l> lO Ttl Ttl 



1-1 00 i-H >-I(m' (N 



oai<Moooc;Tt^<Noiooo:c5o;(NcD05 
>o^i>t»i-iir>cDiO'*a:incot-Minii3oo 



mOC00500Tj('*t^lOCOlOT-100Ir»C3tDOO 
i-l<N<Nr-l,-((NCOM(Mu-5t>roNrocOcq.-I 



r-ti-tooTji^iocoaoO'^'^coiOt-toi 



CDi-H ■* r-( O 

T-l>-l ttl ,-H 



lO Tfooo 'to 



OOOC0C0C000-^OOl0!D0300-*00^ 
l>) (N r-l CM 05 IM CC CI CM CC >-H (M rH C^1(M M CO 



OCNOO'OCOOOO'-iCOCO ■CMCM"Ot-(Tj<i-l 
ClC^lT-nC^lcOOlCC'iOi-Hi-i -COCOiOcNCCtO 



90IAJ9S 

:JU9UIUJ9A0Q 



ocn>-i-<i<ocotDioo)cooa500CTicDcDoi 
r-icqdtNiocMoqT-ii-ii-iococo ecc^i'<# 



SUOT^JISOd 

9AT:>no9xg 



(ire^aj) ss9uisng 



IBOUSIO 



{■Buoissajojj 



"^OOiOOCOCOCOlO•^^000505C^J10rHCO 
COCOi-<05CTiO'-'C>l0003iOCOCMOCOOCO 



OOCqi>t-(lOI>.'.3<QC50 00 000cOCOCOOO>0 



lOc?i^-^Tt1Coa:oococco20lO^>t^r^•^^lO 
t^Tt<OOOOt»'*t:^i>00>Ot~iOC)tDCD-'*l 



G0'^CMr-^OO'-l-^t>'-("^r-HCCC5i-lCMO 

•-HdcO'-iO'-i-liCdC<lI>iOrti-i050000 



.2 !* 






O 0) 






X o 

5WO 



-a 03 
P5g 



So c?.5 03 O X cS 2^ 



Our Boys 



333 



cq 



^ 



O 

Eh 



•< 
Eh 

w 

o 
< 

« 

o 
O 



o 
O 

Q 

o 

m 

O 



EH 

«! . 

Oh O 

^ 8 

ci ^ 

o "^ 

w o 



o 






^uao jad piox 



M*oo2'i<ooM>-ioO"j(coioco«ot--oaic<) 



ooooooooooooooooo 



JoqB'j 



CDC^I O "^ ^ t^t^ 0»0 ■iO(M00:DCCO 



i-i.-11-irt rtC^J ■ Oi >-i 



gajn'}0'BjnnBTn 

8no3nBi[aosTp\[ 



jamBa'^ 



saiRxax 



nbi^onpojd poo^i 



UOt^B'JJOdSU'BJX 



Sui^ntjj 



ano^s 



Sutqioio 



3nt>jJOAipoOjVi. 



sapBJ^ IB}3I\[ 



sapBi:; 3nip[ina; 



aoiAjas 

^uamajaAOQ 



snoijieod 

BAT^noaxg 



([re^^aj) ssanisng 



IBouaio 



{Bnoissajoaj; 



(N ^OCD->}(QOOOO'*COC<5<OCO -COlMt^ 
i-li-Hi-l rHrHi-ieqrHi-l'^r-IrH ■ '•«<rH 



■<j<cD(N ■t-rocor^oo • -ccoioooiMc^i 



Tj< CO !N eg CO c^i ■ t^ ci 



CDiO-HOrfCOt^f^Gi 






c^ -St to 00 r- o 



CD 00 T-( 05 lO t— 00 



<N ,-H> fH CO rH rH 



^t>.O000005C000t^Tf<C0^t^l0C0t^C0 
OJt-OOOlOcOt»COCOCO-*COt>OiOiZ)— I 



oocot^(N>nc5cot^T)<m^oO'HaDoqio>^ 

^ rH CO C j .-I 01 — I O) O — I IN iM .-i CO (M 



«D ■<1< •* CO rH rt • -COOt^ 



co-^(Nco^ojr-.oO 



CO tN !M TjH lO CO O 



CO (N 35 cj r- oj 
N 1-1 



>Ot»'*C>OCO-*<COt£>CMO'-iOClOOOt>OOOI 

co^-cocsit^ic03coc<ir>.oooioxt~-<^- 

rtT-it-iO)rtCqCOCq^C<li-iCslO)OJ^N'M 



CO-^OOJOOtMO^'I^Oi^ClO'-tCiCOt^^ 
CO Oa r-< >-l (M O 01 CO rH N TtiCO -^ to 



i-iTfOt^cOC3iMOOCO •cO"-ll>iO-^>0 
lNCqO"J(NtO'-llNNi-li-i •COCO■*^3IMIM 



05iOCDCiO:000i0OOt^C)X)C0»0^^O ^o 
^CDiMtD!X>0)0)CO'MOCiOcD'-<0«0-<X CO 



t^C0C0OTt<-J<^00aD.-lC0TPi0 0^O01C0 

o>t^Ttioqa>tocooot^-*ooo)Ot^ocOTt< 

'-i(NC0(N'Hi-(i-Ii-hC0i-<'-(i-hO1'-i(N(M'-i 



<£)»o^Gor>-'<^c/3Tj<coT*^oO'-HL.or^cocDco oi 
0050t--O05!0-*'Ot~00t>-'Ot»C0t>-t-'O t>- 



i-HOl^^COrHtDOCOTflOO'-IOOIMCO— 101 

t^cocoa!'-H--"-H»T)<f-(0«coo)Oio)o 

IN >H r-( —d-l rH .-H tH — I Ol rt rH rt 



o > 



» « 



0.2 






£Si 



i " g J- -a 3 

s.S; s i=')i3 P W.3 SCO 2 t^ I, ra 



334 



Our Boys 



n 


O 


O 


>^ 


O 


^ 


Q 


w 


9 


^ 


« 




m 


rt 


W 


H 





< 


rr 


W 




Ph 


O 


O 


PQ 


O 


o 




\z 


Q 


< 


P 


^ 


1-1 


o 

l-l 


^ 



05 



J 

O t) 
e O 

tS o 

Eh 
H 

O 

f^ 
«i 
>^ 
H 

O 
O 



O 



o 



ti <p 5; ce s 



^uao jad'^'B:jox 



Joq'B'j 



saJTHOBjnnBm 

snoauBiposi]^ 



Idtfl'B9'J 



san^xax 



noi'j'BJBdgjd puB 
uoponpojd pooj 



not^'B:i.Jodsu'BJj, 



Sui^nuj; 



puB gSBjS '^B[Q 



Sniq^ojQ 



2ni3{JOAipoo^ 



sapBJ^ IB^SH 



sapBJT Saipimg; 



aoiAJas 

^nauiuWAOQ 



snoi:>isod 

aAt^noaxg 



([iB^3J) ssanisng 



(M CO CD (M (M CD 00 t-H CO i-H rH lO CO J-H f-i CD 



OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 

ooooooooooooooooo 

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



CO(MCJOi»-<OOOOOt>QOcOt>C<ICO 



CDiO -OOt-OiOl -O -CDOiOOiO-* 



mri<Tj4>HTjfcna200(Mcoc» 



TtHa:iooiaicot^oocDooco»o»ocoio^ 

T-l ,-((Mi-iT-lrti-{i-lrti-(OC0<M (N 



l--l>Tti002CDCOM<'-lOOOcDi-ioO<MCO 
CDCD»Ot^t*QOt^cDxOiOiOCOiOOOCOiOO 



"ncoo!No:coiMooo50C'-i'OiocO":ir- 



lo • -oo-^o^cD •OiOOTtfcom -lO 



<M TJ^ -^ CO -rt^ 



Oi • '(MCOIO 

1-1 CO 



OI>CO(MOOi-^'-HiOOOCv)Ot^GOiOCO 

r-no-*.-<(Nt--cDrHr~cqooiO'Mot^oo 
(M.-irt(MC-jcqcooq— iiM— icoNiMCvlcoco 



i>ioc5io:^co^cDrooocDoi--oa;iM 

C0(MiMrHC0r-Tt<Tt<(Mt~C0C0Tt<lOCO(M'* 



02 O lO »-i ■* 1-1 00 Oi CD 'OiOOOCOOOCOt^ 
(MMCOCOiOCSlM (N '(Ncqc^Ncocq^ 



0"3C0CDC»00l>Oc0CDOO<M»OiOi0'*0.1 
C0OI>00O-'*C0lOO-S<00t~CD<MCDOC0 



CO'-HOCOOCilOCOCDOO^'-H'-'COCiO 

I>"*OfMt^'^'^C0OOO'0C0C0N.t^C0 
rH CM CO Cq rt rt 1-1 1-1 CO r-1 CM 1-1 "-1 i-( ^ ^ 



IBDIJ8IQ 



IBooTssajoJj; 



t^ooooococo-^ifMiHOOic-Hcaoi-iio 

cDC^OCOOOt^i^OOOOOiOTtHOCOOO-* 



o— Hi>oocoi^t^-HcDOot^cor^toiOoo 



S.e; § i^ois s M^ bio £ .,.. iH ~ 

2 a ^^"S oo ^.S c« g «^.2^ 

3 M o PtSfT^^ C tH O » (uS eS 



Our Boys 



335 





"^ 






o 






l-l 






H 






< 






CM 






P 






O 


w 




O 


W 




o 


O 




Q 








^ 
w 






;^ 




Q 


Pi 


«0 




w 




CO 


-31 


1 


o 




P- 


tz; 


o 


fej 


<J 


1— 1 


?? 


;?; 


M 


O 


o 


u 




cu 


1-1 
o 



-^ o 



cc 



^ 



o 

>^ 

o 
U 



o 



o 



w 






;0 1-- l^ C<1 O X C-l t^ r- O -H C-l lO lO f^ ^ lO 

1^ CC 00 O Cl -* CI C^ X O t^ cc -f "O -f o 



?U80 J8d I^^OJ, 



Joq^Bq 



ooooooooooooooooo 



ooooooooooooooooo 

OOOOOCOOOOOCJOOOOO 



CO o »c c^ ^ CO -rf t^ -^ o lO r'D 0^ ^ i^ M 00 
rt —ICO 1-1 -< — (M 



saatno'Bjnn'Bai 



jaq^Ba^ 



ssn^xax 



noiiBJBdaJd pnB 
uot^anpojd pooj 



uoi^'BiJOdsnBJX 



Sni:juiJ<j 



auo^s 



Suiq}0J3 



— I— i.-i-S'— c — ( —I rod 



—1—1-1 • oi — ( ■ <M c<i 



— 1-* -c^ rt — icoosrotN o 



•0(M»ococococooc— ior»i--— "oot^inc-i 

— <— I— ICO i-H—li-lO) i-ICslCO— I o 



^;OC0tO— no-* OINOC^ coo ":>■*■* C5 



r-" lO -^ 00 ^» CO CO 00 -cot-iN •■^coi>-t— 



SUIJ^JOAipOO^ 



sapBj^ IBjajv 



sap^n Satpimg 



aoiAias 

(^uaxunjaAOQ 



suoi^isod 

aAT^noaxg 



(IJB^aj) ssanisng 



IBOtjaiQ 



[■Buoissajojfj 



iC'lTtlTjIOO— I— ICO-'tCMOTjH 



—I— I •ot^cO'H ■c:3i>'Oio 



-H 'd 



Tt<C; coiMO>ooc^t^oocoio-'i"-<'*c^'^co 

ooooooooooiTtiooO'Hooiot^oor-- 
(N — iiocO'Hc^c^)— imc^ioac-4C] 



t^CDOOC^CO^i-H— IClOO^CMQCC^iOSOiiO 
TfiOiOiOCO'*t^OCCO-*-<;:<iCr^OOOC<MO 



oc^oocooo;o-'^^or>-ooc^co— I'* 
T-l(M— I— lOCOlM'*— ICO— icOCJiCTtit^CO 



^H— i^OwiO-^C^COiO^-OOiOiOCD— It^ 
tCCOCOCOOiOOOfOCOOOC^C^OMlCC^ 



Tjic^tfNOvi'^ir:)-^— loSCT^Oc^^^t^'^ 



00iMiOI>.00TtiCJ00O4COtOCOC-t~CD— itO 
rtt~«0'Ht~(Ni-i'-i(N->^'-ilM^iM'-^MOq 



COtDl>— <O00lOi-<<M— lCOCOtDCO-<l"Ot^ 



> fi M 13 O tp^ U}0 u 






336 



Our Boys 





;?; 






o 












H 






< 






fe 






p 






o 


M 
o 




fi 


>H 






^ 




M 


w 






^ 




P 






02 


H 




>H 






o 


H 




m 


rt 
cj 









CO 




o 


m 


•^ 






^ 


« 


TS 


o 


P 




Ph 


Q 


« 


R 


1— 1 


§ 


o 
O 


>o 


s 


P 


(N 


^ 




P^ 


■e 


r/? 


w 


« 


w 


> 


■ii 


p:J 


o 


•Si 


Ph 




<>2 




r/5 




ro 


W 










!h 


H 




n 


1— 1 




PQ 


U 




iz; 


t-H 




w 
^ 






H 


O 




W 


^ 




P4 


H 




!^ 


h-l 




o 


pq 




h-l 


<i1 






H 



1-^ 

P5 
o 
O 






^uao jad jb^ox 



joq^T^ 



sairno'Bjnu'Bni 

siioauBu8osip\[ 



jaq:>'B3T; 



samxax 



noi^Bj'Bdajd pwe 
noi^onpojd poo j; 



uoi:('B:>Jodsu'BJj, 



Sul:^^tJJ; 



8uo:^B 

pUB SSBjS 'jiB{Q 



Suiq^oiO 



3UI3{aOAlpOOj^ 



sapBj^j [B^SH 



sapBj't gnipjing 



aoiAJOs 

^U9UlUJ8AOO 



saoi^isod 

aAi^^noaxg 



(IIB:^^a) ssauTsng; 



IBouaio 



[■Buoissajojj; 



C1001COOCOCOOCOCClrHOO.-(r-IOOl^i-HI> 
i-HONTHNCCOSOOOrocOThCOI^i-HlOOl 
INi'5tO'-l eoCi'-l (MtJ(tJ(i-Ii-(C<|i-ii-i 



ooooooooooooooooo 

ododooddddooooooo 
ooooooooooooooooo 



OM00C0-*00O -TlHt-tOT ■C--l05COI> 



.-< -^OO rH -INt-lr-l .<N rH(M 



•OCOi-Ht-MXT^OlN-^ifJUSOOtD -(MM 
.-ItHtJI rHrtr-( • O; CO 



1-iiMOO -co 



— iC^)CCIM(Nt1(C0O 



.H -(N 1-1 T)H (N rH r-l M 



oa5'o>ni>ot>cOTjic»i-ioO'*0'-iro'* 
lOocoooxtnoroc^it^TjHrocoio-^'OO 



O CO 00 Tt< CO t- 03 



COO) -toincoiN 



(N -TtHXM 



^-ooooor*^^ooc^o^^•-^coo--'00 

(M>-<O0S00t^t--C0»ClOC0r-(00lO!>0Tt<O 
.-lI-l|-(C^ rtlOC0>-l(NM(M.-lC0CMC-)C0 



oooc^ot-^ooiOoo-^iot^oic^CMOOOo 

lOC0C0^>00•-^COlC(NlOlNlOTt^^C^^T^^T^^ 



■*0'*t^l>.t~iCO:(MiOTt<C3iOa3'-iOOO 
iH(MC-lt-iQ0C<l(NC0i-l-*TH(Ni-lC0iOOlC0 



O-*'-li-lt-00O00CDC~00t~t-Tt<C00>CSl 
UIOOOJOOOOiOOiOt^OSOOOTHCOiM 



1-1 —IC^ i-H rH 



co-^-^-^i— (C00i0000r-icDI>OQ0O05fN 



Tt(04TlHt^C01000-*<'Oi-IOOlOCOlOtDOO 
>-l CD O 1-H ■* rH T-( IM T^ i-H CO t-l(M <M Cg 



o*oc^iOi-icO'-(cc)t^coo:»ooii-Hc:5coio 

'^C-)T-ioOCOCOO'-m50iOt^!00«OOt- 



5-e: 



O 0) 

£5 



OP3WOP3g^OOfiHHP^Hi-iSa 



Our Boys 



33Y 



03 






fe; 



^ 



^ 









>^ 




H 




< 




Ph 















Q 


>^ 




^ 


H-l 


M 


w 


^ 


fi 


tf 


02 




in 


<: 





w 


W 


rt 




CT 







is 


C) 


< 


15 




1— 1 


'z 


Q 





p 


% 


1-4 



pj 


k^ 



H 


c^ 


15 


P^ 


rA) 


W 


W 


> 


« 





f^ 


rn 


r/1 


W 




I— 1 


IH 


H 


n 


1— ( 


W 


U 


^ 

w 


"-^ 


w 


^ 


^ 





w 


^ 


m 






w 


?^ 


h-1 





w 




<r^ 




H 



o 
O 



6°15 2 



Ky OJ C3 c3 C3 



■JU90 J3Cl I^JOX 



Joq^B^ 



saJii^o'Bjnticui 
snoauBiiaosipyf 



J9tj:>B8'J 



sai!^x3x 



uoponpoJd pooj[ 



UOl^BiJOdSH'BJJ, 



ani^uijj 



OMOlMOC0C<l<N03C<l00a)NC0'O00t>. 



00000000000000000 

00000000000000000 
00000000000000000 



»o CO >c 

r-lCO 



CS O »OiO Oi ^O ^ 00 OJiO C0»O O -LOiO 



T-1 in rt i-lr-l rHPO -OM 



IM i-l 10 • C<1 1-1 • C^l 



IN •!>. -^ cot^ 



O'-i-^cDiCiOC0<Nb-0200t>-'* 



l-ll-H-Ht-HL':) rtlMrtr-lrtf-IC<5 -IM -rt 



(NCCtN.wCOtO^OO'^C^COOiOiOO'^l'O: 

lO«DC<5«OCOTtlTj<OCOOlMrHTjl-*Tt<Tj<a> 



euo^s 

puB ssb;3 '.'Cbiq 



3um:>oio 



SUt^tJOAipOOjV^ 



s3pBj; iB;ai^ 



sapBJ:^ gnipjing 



90tAJ3S 

'}uauiujaAoo 



suoiiisod 

aAi^iiDaxg 



(jiB'^aj) ssauisng 



IBDtiaio 



[■Baotssajojfj 



COt-rHlO 
1-110 



iHCON 
tHIO 



(MCD 

CO 1-1 



00 ■ i-i ' 



'Jl 



O00t>-G0Xi-<i-iC0C0OC0OO05XC^C^J 
t^t*t>-»0(Nt^I^00t>-»-<C0i0CDt^OiOO 

(N »-iio(M c^^^^^^c^^rHl-^?^ 

«)0(N'*COcOO-*t^— iCOCSiOCOI^CN-* 
(N— ii-(TlHC0COCqiOi-(C0 iNi-ilNMCO'* 

'^■^OiHi-it^orOOOOlOO^OOOOOC^IiO 

CO C^ rH i-< »0 CO (N Tj4 i-( rH CO CO CD CO CO CO 
CVI 

iocoi-iira'Oi*<t^i-HOi-iot^-*Tti-*ooo 

OTjiinO<OTtH'MCOOTt(OTt(T)<Tt<(N'<jico 

0SOiOT)irtC00i00c0i-iiNr-i03C0c0Ot0 
*OCOTjHiOi-lt^00500'^<MiOi-Hi^'MO 

OGOOC^GO^tHCOtJhosiOOSOOC^OO'-* 

i-ii'-t^c-jcqi-irtcocO'^i-ti-MCocoojcoc^ 

Oiot-r^^HiO'X)corH(NTjiioioo'Nt-t>- 
cg^-i(co^iooT(iooii->OTt<c^oc^t> 



c3 ti 



« 2 



«^ 



£0 



mw 






O - OJ O O S'.S 5 O X 03 .2 -D 



338 



OUB BOTS 



fe) 



fe5 



o 

<! 



05 



Ss ;::; 



c 


P5 










>H 


tt 






^ 

H 


OD 


f^ 


W 




P 


e4 




w 


02 


H 


>H 


<i 


n 


w 


pq 










<1 


!^ 




h- 1 


5^ 


Q 


o 


'^ 




hJ 


H 


r-) 






U 


1— J' 


U 


^ 












H 


(N 


^ 


Ph 




H 
> 



Pk 


W 


02 









W 


1 



o 

O 

O 



M 



H d 



►5 o S * * 



CO O to CO to M C<5 CO 00 t- 10 02 'O t>. CO r-l(N 
T}HC<3-«*ltOC0Osa5t^tOTjiw-^t>-i-HCOO5CD 



c^uao jad i'b^ox 



00000000000000000 



Joq'Bq 



sajn^oBjuuBui 
sno8UBj[aosip\[ 



J8q^'B8'7 



S9I!^X9X 



noijonpojd poojj 



uop'Bjjodsn'BJx 



Suputjj 



pUB SSBI? 'A'BIQ 



00 CO CO t>- 00 o 00 

>-l ,-1 CO (N i-H 



COCOCX10000CO-<1HIOO 
■-Hi-((M T-lrHi-HlM 



OOt-i-HiO 



.-ICO c^ 

.-I to 



i-<COC^O"00005C^02jOTtlOCOOOOOTt<0) 



Sutq^oio 



SuTTjaoApooj^ 



sapijjj ib;9jv[ 



eapBJ} Snipjing 



aoiAJas 

:tU9Tiinj9Aoo 



suoi:^tsod 

9Aiino9xa; 



([^(jgj) ssautsng 



JBOIIOfQ 



iBuojssajojj 



.-(00 



00lO03OOSC0CDait»C0r-l05Oai.-ICNrH 

lO(OtOtOC0"OC0(N'-i'*l>O<M0000>Oi0 
rti-H.-Hiraco.-i'^'Hcqrf.-i.-icqcq 



.-I 00 .-I 00 CO 03 t- 00 -CDTttt- -OOiOCOi-l 



(N .-I ,-1 00 t^ i-H to ■CO.-i.-i • .-1CO-* 



00Tj<00 00lOC0l>lOlOTt<C0O3C000C^^>O 

<^^.-lT-^03co.-|lO.-l(^lC<^(^^lOtD^/5.-lCo 



oo3ioooLoi^r^r^oocotoOT-itDc^i— I 

t^t^tOOOCOCOCOCO-^tOOTPtO^COCOiO 



■^tOrHOiOlcOOOOOC^-^-^t^oOOOO-rP 
t-OOOOCOiOOOtDiO.-iOOCOT}HCO<M^iO 

COTj<(Nrt <MCO i-H rt r-H r-( ^ .-I 



CO o 00 00 05 to to ■* -to-^t^ 'toocoto 
CO .-no f-i CO CO .-H 1-1 -cot-i-h -cacococo 



.-IOOt>-.-HlOCOOOCOOO'*.-HC^I>OOlO'*CO 
t^OCOTj<ioiO.-<C^OOTtltD'*tOtDOiOO 

CD.-<.-(rH .-H rt r-lrHrH 



nJ+i S 9? 






dHOfflWOmS^OOdHHfeHi-lgh-i 



Our Boys 



339 



cq 



cc 



Q 
H 

Ph 

O 
O 

Q 



o 

:?: 
o 

O 

XJl 

« 



O 

PQ 

;? 
o 

&^ 

<! 

P3 
K 
O 
O 



O 



►J 0) 03 03 S 



^uao J8d p^ox 



Joq^i 



gajn^oBjnuBra 

SnO9UB[p0SIJ\[ 



jaq^'B3'-j 



s^l^xax 



not^'BJBdaJd puB 
uoipnpojd poo J 



UOp'B^JOdSUBJX 



Sui^ujij 



auo^s 

puB ssB]S 'Wbiq 



Suiq^oio 



Sal3(J0Aip00jW 



sap^n jB^ajvi 



eap^Ji. Saipimg 



aoiAJ9S 

^uauiujaAOQ 



OS IN t» « i-H 05 1- CO 



oooooooo 



■^00»005tO^Tj* 



OO00'*05C^CT>tO 
M (N .-( —I .-1 



tOQOO'OOOtO'-ICCI 
T)(C0C<3rt 



ROCOCO CO ■*! OS 



(NMl-H-H -^ 



i-H-^cot^Mco-^'O 

OSOSOOiO-^COM'H 



COOOSCOC5lO^(N 



i-i'*00O5t-i'-l(NCO 
COMM(N IMIMIN 



■*C0>O05C0CX)C0M 



CD-^COOX»O^^CO 



O(Nt^0^^fN'-'O 



CNlCOrJiC^^iOiOCO 
■^ ■* lO 'I' M <N OJ 



SUOIHTSOd 

aAi^^noaxg 



(liB^jaj) ssanisng 



IBouaiQ 



jBuoissajojjj 



^ ^ rt ^ (M ,-1 C>q (M 



ot-ooasco»0'-to 

C<3M<'*tOt005-HO 



rrcOiOC^OCmO-* 



t-H'^cOTt«c^asi-t(N 

.-lr-ll-(<NCO-*<005 



340 



OuE Boys 



Q 

W 
^^ 

O 

O 

H 
P 
<! 
K 
O 



« 
I? 

o 

< 

CM 

p 

o 

o 






I i 



O 



H 

pq 
o 

<1 

H 

O 

O 



go-Si's 

3 tH Ji^ t-- 



^nao lad ib^oj, 



aoq'Bq; 



CD »C- lO LO »0 t-H --I O 
iN':OOlNi-H 



oooooooo 



O CO O 00 lO O OJ 



samcjo'Bjnn'Bni 
sno3UB[[ao8ip\[ 



jaq^Baq 



saiT^xax 



ocoiMTti'nOTioro 



OOOtJICO—c^ 



UOt^BJ'BClSjd pUB 

noponpojd pooj 



not^uijiodsu'Bjjr^ 



COCOO>OCD<MOOO 
CO CC C-l tH >-l >-l rH 



03iociDi>o;oocot~ ; o 
— I — I O I> lO ■* "O i-H ICO 



SuT^niiij 



(MTr>0Tt"OO<MC0 l'^ 
0-1 C-) M C^ rt 1-1 (M 






Sniinoio 



SupjJOMpoO^ 



sap-Bj^ IB^ajxt 



sap'Bj^ Snipimg 



aoiAjas 

^namtijaAOQ 



suor^Hsod 

aAi^noaxg 



(jre^aj) ssauisng 



t^ UD W M fO ■-< IM 



00005tJi(><^COCO tD 



(N CD l> lO 05 CO ro CO lO 



<MC^CO(MiOOCC* 

CO-t-^COt^iNOClM 
CO CO CO C<1 t-( ,-1 



CO-^-^lvrjCOOO) 

txcuococqiMi-i-H 



lo i-iio lO e.) lo o 1-H 
05 Tl( CO (N CI iM ^ CO 



OCT. auMOiooo 

<NC1C0t^C0INCOt(" 



^ O IC X CO CD i-H IC CO 



JBOTJajQ 



O T-H O CO IM O CO t>. CO 
rH (M CM 1> O <N CO LO CD 



ITsnoissajoij 



CO CO »0 CD 1-H C. CO to 

>C CO X t-l 1.0 03 CD lO 
i-Ht-I — 'C^CO 



1 






o 
o 

-c 

CI 

> 








o 
Eh 



^ J3 j3 j5 ^^ " ' -C 
"OCOt^oOi-nNCO-* 



OuE Boys 



341 






&q 



^ 



=0 



>H 




Q 




p 




H 


W 


i7J 


« 




n 




>^ 


l-H 


^ 


h-; 


w 




?^ 


H 








Q 
< 


<1 

P4 


o 




H 


(— 1 


<; 


Q 


CL, 


p 


IJ 


h:; 


o 


r:) 


u 
O 


1— ( 


fH 


rT 








IM 






rr 


> 




O 


tH 




o 


rn 


« 


W 


;5 


H 


w 


O 


w 


1 


^ 


1 


H 


^ 


W 


1 


15 


d 


o 


;< 








< 


o 




CJ 








?uao J8d iB^ox 



JoqB'j 



— <M<0 --1 CO 



ocooooooooo 

oodoooodooo 
oocoooooooo 



csoc;ro«pr>-'^»o»ocio 
-H M C: "-D Til T)i -^ O C) Tjt CO 



sajmoBjnnBui 
snoauBiposix^i 



jaq^Bafj 



"0C0O0005C0i0i-l^0iCD 



IM 1-1 i-H ^ iM M — I 



san^xax 



uot^'Bj'Bdgjd pu'B 
noipnpojd poo^ 



uot:>mjodsn'BJx 



Sht^uuj 



auo^s 

puB SSBiS 'jCbiq 



3aiq;oio 



3ni3[JOAipoOjW^ 



Bsp'eii jB^aj^ 



OiOOOi-HOi^H-^CSOCO 
.-l,-l,-(— IM Wrt -Hi-H 



.-in-0 00<N03 50iN^O 



CO '.-I asocoiocnt^ooi^ 

t0t0i0t-.O(MC0--MC0'0 



CMtM^CVOCOOOOlTTrfO 



o&-*0''Ncoa3i-iO'000 

(NC0CO-*0J COCOiMiNi-H 



oi-^i-icMO •i-i.-io>Oi 



oO'HocMCjcoicc^ano 



T»<^>-ir^>-icotocx5T»n^o 
!M o 1-1 o; iM o ira N o oc t^ 

Cl 1-1 IM (M <M 1-1 OJ O) i-( r-H 1-1 



sapBj^j Sntpimg 



aoiAJds 

inatanJ8Aoo 



suoi'jisod 

aAi^noaxg 



rHt^COOC-JCOOOiOTjiO 
-*<C0T)o*tir5-^Tt<C0(NiNrJ 



COiMCOCOt»Ht1<t!<C-IC^t)< 



t^;Ot^^COO;DCOCOI>-i-i 

l-l-Hl-l r-l .H rH .-I r-l IM CO 



(jiBjaj) Bsantsng 



[■Bouaio 



jBnoissajoJjj 



lOClOOOt^^OCMCOOOSCO 



r-.-n-i-if-ioOCDiXJOsOi-ii-^ 

O LO CO O IN 0-. C^I LO lO CO to 

C0COCOCM(MlCOlC0tO'*TI' 



C^C-l.-iCOi-lCO'-iO «ot^ 



9.-= 



oj >> m 

3j3 t-^Tj Mg JJc « C ^ 

a !>'■ o^ §"3 fl o cs B g > 



342 



Cue Boys 



Q 



cq 



>s 



&a 



«^ 



o 

o 
O 



1-1 fq 



00 <) P^ 

g^ H H 



o 
o 

Q 
o O 



^ S 
Ph W 

02 O 



o 
pq 



§ I 



O 



ti a) J3 03 03 



:^u8o jad jB^oj, 



^cDlO■*— <c<5h»^00cqco 



00000000000 



JoqB^ 



oocOi-ic<noa5cot>-ccoo 

000>C<3COCOt)<cOC<100CO 



SnO3UBII90Slp\[ 



MTjffes'-i 



samxax 



UOI^'BI'BClaJd puB 

aoponpoid poo j 



uot:^'B:jiodsn'Bjj, 



Sni^mij 



auocts 

pUB SSBiS 'jC'BJQ 



Sniq^ojo 



o) CO t>. i-i(M c^ r» t- i-H 03 CO ■* 

rt' rt rt rH Ci rt' -H 'r-i ' <N rt' 



(N03'-Hi-HOCOCOCO'-tCDTtl 



lOt^lOCqiMC01>Tjl 



4r-(r-IC0(N r-liH 



TjHi-HCO •lOTtttOlO 



05'-i^<Mi-iooooco;din 
CDtOtOCOOOCOOO-^INCO-* 



iot*iOiocoajc<icO'^0'-< 

COCOCOWCO'HtJic^cONiO 



iMtDOO'-H^cO'OO— llNTtl 
CO(M(NIMCOi-lC<5TtHi-l(Ni-l 



OOOrHCOiO^O -(XJiO 



SOTJfJOAipOOjVi. 



sapBj^ I'B^aiAr 



sapBJ^ Snipimg 



aoiAJas 

^uainnjgAOQ 



snoi^Tsod 

SAt^noaxg 



(tre^aa) ssauTsng 



(NrHrt -OtDOiMi-lt^iO 



OtDi-iiOiMt^COOtOt^OO 

^NCOOOOCOIMIO^OO 
(NiMlM IM i-H 05 1-1 IN .-l(N 



COiOtOT-nM-^rtiOutKNOO 
■*'*COi-nOi-i-*C0rt<TjH(N 



1^00;— I T-H 010 IN ^000 

--(THrtlN'-llNi-l-HrHlNOq 



(Ni-iCniO(NOTj(OOOOCO 
«0Oi£>05TtlO'OO00t>.00 



^BouajQ 



IBnotssajojj; 



iNcoooooooOi-iirao'Oto 
.-i'-HOt>droTf(Ttir~-*io 

C0C0C0TtlrHlOlN-*l'*T)HC0 



TfiooiiOi-n^-OicomioiN 

IN M IN t- (N •* i-H (N ■* IN Tjl 



•2-2 § 



cs"?. 



^ 7j tH S c 3 2'F^ P rt 

s §".2 §^ S S 2 i §-« 

^ «mt-H QjKJ 'i^i' W.-H O 



OuB. Boys 



343 



Q 



5' CQ 

I ? 

o 

s 



t*5 



^ 



o 
O 



05 IM 

O CO 

W O 
W I 

li 



3 t, ij J3 <j 

►5 « OS e8 8J 



^uao J8d [B^jox 



JoqB'][ 






jaq^Bai 



saiRxaj, 



uoi^BJCdaid puB 
uoiionpojd poo^ 



UOI^J'B^JOdSUBJJ, 



3ai^nU(j 



aao^s 

puB ss^iS 'XB[3 



3atq:joiO 



3UI5(JOAipOO^ 



eapBJ^ iB^tapvf 



eapsj:) SuTpimg 



aoiAJas 

^uaniujaAOQ 



suot:(isod 

aAt^noaxg 



(jib:j8j) ssauisng 



IBouaio 



lBnOISS8JOI(J 



iNOOOOtJ(t)<>OCTHO— 1^ 
ON"5 1-1 CO 



ooooooooooo 

oooddoddodo 
ooooooooooo 



oO'^t^t^ot-oiioniMi-i 



■*CO"5iCC<3'n(NOOOOt~ 

rH 1-H ■-! i-H -H i-Hr^ ,-( C^l 



t>- CO ■* lO 00 lO Oi o -co 



^■*-*CM(N(Mir5eOOiOiO 



t~00tOC<300O'»O00T)<<N 



■^CT)OOOt>-->j(OC<5aS'-H 
00«OOOt^C^TtlO'*'#T)<0 



05-<i^t>»^00»0»0i00t^ 
rH N O) CO Tj< rt (M rti-l 



■<)<iococ^t^ •'j<T-<00"O 



to 03 O ^lO (N O 



iO'*iOt»-<l<(N00i-icOC0 



05Tt<t^OiMt^<Na>iO(X)(N 

■*OCOOrt050tDOOiOt>. 
<NiM(NCqcO COi-l i-H ^ 



'0;0OC0i-lt>-(NC0t0O'J0 
rfCO-^iOiC-i'^N.-lCO 



•ot^coi-cooin-^iNoocooo 

<NlMCOCOCOr-lCOrt>-HCON 



lO-^i-tCOi-lT-HrtTjIt^O^ 

co-^ioiocoirat^coiocoo 



t>-rH^<>jTt<-^OiO5rt<CO00 

05COOOC^CDCOTt(^i-iOO 
.-iC^iMi-i.-iCO>-l.-iC0(M'H 



c0'-<ot^r~t^r-'0'*0i-i 
t-t^ocoeooco-^t^^o 



oiMOi-iioint^ooio-^o 

.-.rtrtrt rt CO CSl(N 









344 



OuB Boys 



Q 

1= 

El 

m 



I-' H 



CO -"1 

oq 1-1 

Si ^ 

i < 

6q O 

I— ( 

'T3 Eh 



P5 
H 

O 
O 

HH 

Q 
o O 



to. f^ °. 

t ^ ^ 

i j« o 

CO 



CO 



=>Q 



o 



o 



a I 



o 


^ 


H 


H 


< 


H-l 


h3 


m 


W 


<i 


K 


H 



o 

O 



soli's 



^uao J3d ib:)oj, 



joq^'j 



O5(Min>-nO00iH(MI>00iO 

I005'-l i-Hi-HCO 



ooooooooooo 

d o d o o o d o d o o 
ooooooooooo 



ooi^a>T-i'-ir-iO'-Hcoo5co 

i-Hi-H i-li-H(M 1-1 



sno3aBiiaosip\[ 



jaqj'eaT 



lONtO •l>TjliOCTC<50>-i 



sail^xax 



uoi:>BJ3d8ad puB 
uoponpojd pooj 



uoi:jB:>JodsnBJx 



gUI^UIJJ 



9no^s 

pnB ssBjS 'jCbjq 



Suiq^oio 



3aT5[JOAlpOOj\^ 



cc-*mT-(i>ij(-*eq 



o CO 03 eq CO CO o "-i 

<Ni-l>-l(NIMrH(Ni-l 



O ■* CO 00 CO CO 1-1 ■* 05 i-H O lO 

ooo t^oooioOTtimtvco 00 



cD-^O'Oosoqooiooioooo 

(NC<llMiO'-li-lC1>-lC0iHC<5 



lO"Tlt- ■COrHT})'^ -CO 



CO 1-1 ■^ Tf CO Ttl 



sap-BJ^j I^^SH 



S3p'Bj:> Sutpimg; 



80IAJ3S 

!)uauini3A0£) 



suopisod 

8AT:>no9x[g; 



(ire^jaj) ssanjsng; 



cqot-05ioiot^i-no>oo 

iOU5cOO:OCOOOTtl02TfO 
IM(M(N <N i-H (N T-l 1-1 i-ieq 



iMcqr;)< • (N (M O 00 00 1-1 (N 
^Tt<CO • CO 1-1 "O (M t^ CO CO 



<Ni-lO-^C^Tt(CT)iOCOCnt^ 

cocoi-iTjHcoiMc^i-iiMcqcq 



cqocoo^Oiix^'-Hcqi-i 

■*COCO.-i-*IMCOO4O5tJ(00 



<M O CO CO 1-1 Cq(M cq 00 lO CO <N 

00 05 05 CD Tjl to t~ O CO CO IM OS 
i-li-li-l<Ni-IO]i-HCOC>JCg(N rH 



(■BOUgjQ 



IBUOTSSBJOJJ 



CD CO O "O -^ CO 1-1 00 1-1 00 t^ lO 

>ocot>iocoi-iiococnCT>oo co 



1-1 Tt<t>-(Nt>COCOlM 1-100 lO 

rHi-li-lTjl00i-lt-C0Oll'*C:5 
.-li-(i-llM IN 1-1 i-lrH 



-2.2 c 



3 £?'" 

S §^.9 S Q S 



iS Haw ftS a; tj o,s;t3 



Our Boys 



345 



o 

-« ft) 
-2 O 



►5 S 5^ OSS 



^nao J8cJ lE^ox 






&2 H 



=r o 



^ 



Pi 



Joq^i 



snoaaBjjaosiivf 



j9q:jBarj 



eamxax 



ooo 
ood 



coo 






(NrH 



uot^'BJ'BdaJd puB 
noi^onpojd pooj 



noi:>B^JOdsuBJx 



3ni:juuj 



auo^s 



SuiqjojQ 



3UI5[JOAlpOOj\i^ 



sapBJ^ IB;ai\[ 



OCOOS 
COrHi-H 



OOlOt^ 



i-<CO(N 






tooto 

to 1-1 






sapBj:> Suipitng 



lOOQO 



aoiAJas 

!juauinjaAO£) 



suopisod 

aAi^noaxg 



(ire^^aj) ssanisng 



co-<j<oo 

CO (N 



IO.HC0 



»0 >OCD 
CO COOS 



[BsuaiQ 



IBuoissajoij 



(>)00 
eortt^ 



ootooj 



. ol 03 



S 



"2 P-"^ 
(U m m 

(jj o o 



VITA 

The author of this dissertation, Howard Griffith 
Burdge, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, October 13, 
1873. He received his early education in the pubhc 
schools of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Bloomsburg, Pa., 
State Normal School. He was graduated from 
Alleghany College in 1900, receiving the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts. He was a student at Columbia 
University summer sessions in 1910, 1915, and 1919; 
the winter and spring sessions of 1919-1920-1921. 
He received the degree of Master of Arts from 
Columbia University in 1920. He served as an 
instructor in the Bloomsburg, Pa., State Normal 
School and in Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa., also 
as teacher, principal and superintendent respectively 
in the public schools of Pennsylvania and New York. 
He served on the special educational survey staff of 
the New York Bureau of Municipal Research, and 
acted in the same capacity for the New York State 
Education Department. In the World War he 
served as the Chief Educational Adviser of the Second 
Army, A. E. F., with headquarters at Toul, France. 
He was Director of Research and Vocational Training 
for the New York State Military Training Commis- 
sion for three years. In 1921 he became an assistant 
director of the Educational Finance Inquiry, under the 
auspices of the American Council on Education. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 595 509 8 



